Metodichka_-_Anglysky_yazyk

A.all economic activities that fall outside the formal economy regulated by economic and legal institutions

B.assurance that you will be able to work in your job as long as you please and will not become unemployed

C.money that the government pays regularly to unemployed people who are looking for a job.

D.the number or percentage of people in a country or area who do not have jobs

E.a situation in which someone loses their job because their employer does not need them

F.a system in which goods or services are traded illegally

G.the possibility of being successfully employed in the future

H.one that specifies the statistical relationship between the various economic quantities referring to a particular economic phenomenon under study

I.a person or thing that does the same job or has the same function as a person or thing in a different organization

J.public provision for the economic, and sometimes social, welfare of the aged, unemployed, etc, especially through pensions and other monetary assistance

K.money paid to a worker who is not at work because they are ill

L.a paid number of days each year that an employee is allowed to be away from work

Ex.7 Complete the sentences using the words and word combinations from Ex. 6. You may need to change the word form.

1.____________________ and levels move in a cyclical manner, largely related to the general business cycle.

2.The takeover is expected to result in over 1,000

________________ .

3.She might be entitled to a _____________ benefit called disability living allowance.

4.Personal factors such as education, work experience, job functional area, work industry, work location, etc., play an

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important role in determining the need for an individual's services, and impacts their personal ___________________.

5.The ____________is distinct from the grey market, in which commodities are distributed through channels which, while legal, are unofficial, unauthorized, or unintended by the original manufacturer, and the white market, the official intended market for goods and services.

6.Depending on the jurisdiction and the status of the person,

__________________sums may be small, covering only basic needs, or may compensate the lost time proportionally to the previous earned salary.

7.He still hadn't taken all his __________________, and headquarters was on his back about using up his days before the end of the year.

8.Having a wide range of interests can improve your

____________________.

9.A simple example of an ____________________is one that assumes that monthly spending by consumers is linearly dependent on consumers' income in the previous month.

10.The _________________is that part of an economy that is not taxed, monitored by any form of government, or included in any gross national product (GNP).

11.If you can't work because you're unwell it's important to know your rights regarding _________.

12.The secretary of defense met with his _______________in Asia to discuss the nuclear crisis.

revise

calculate

classify

complicate

startle

engage

Ex. 9 Choose the correct alternative.

1.He gets frustrated/frustrating when people don't understand what he's trying to say.

2.This is an immensely frustrated /frustrating experience for the student.

3.I don't suppose I have any books that would suit your sophisticated/sophisticating tastes.

4.Within the next century, 95 per cent of all the projected population growth on the planet will take place in the developed/developing world.

5.Almost two million children attended school for the first time on Saturday, most of them using textbooks developed/ developing in the US.

6.Part-time workers accounted for 29.3% of the employed/ employing population last year.

7.This paper is a revised/ revising version of a report commissioned by the Economic Development Institute of the World Bank.

8.The gunshots were a calculated/ calculating risk, to persuade Silvester to give back the money.

9.Critics call him cold, calculated /calculating and arrogant. He cares little for the plight of ordinary people.

10.The part of the report that includes thoroughly classified/ classifying information was removed before the report was made public.

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11.What we've really learned from promoting health education is that frequent simple messages work much better than complicated/complicating ones.

12.He made some startled/startling admissions about his past.

13.Lisa whirled round at the sound of Vass's voice with a startled / startling look on her white face.

14.Customers calling to book tickets found the line was constantly engaged/ engaging.

15.She was taller than Howie and possessed an engaged/ engaging smile, long blond hair and arresting blue eyes.

*V- verb

**V2 and V3 – past simple and part participle forms of irregular verbs

*** We use shall only with I and we mostly in the questions, offers or suggestions e.g. Shall I/we open the window? What shall I do?

2.an action started in the past and lasted for some time. The action may have finished or may still be going. The result is visible in the present. His face is red. He has been running fast.

3.to express anger, annoyance, irritation He has been giving away our corporate plans.

State verbs do not usually have a continuous form. There are 5 main groups of them:

1.Mental state: know, believe, realize, understand, suppose, remember, mean, forget, etc.

2.Emotional state: love, hate, mind, like, dislike, envy, admire, etc.

3.Possession: have, own, belong to, etc.

4.Sense perception: taste, hear, see, smell, feel

5.Other existing states: seem, appear, cost, owe, weigh, be, consist of, contain, include, need, etc.

Some state verbs can be used in a continuous form with a difference in meaning.

Ex. 10 Sort these time expressions into 3 categories:

1)used with Present Simple

2)used with Present Continuous

3)used with Present Perfect and Present Perfect Continuous.

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usually, for, since, now, often, already, yet, at the moment, just, every day/week/month, these days, ever/never, still, still (in negations), in the morning/afternoon/evening, lately, recently, nowadays, on Mondays/Sundays, how long, tonight, at present, today, so far, this week/month/year

Ex. 11 Complete the sentences using the verbs in brackets in the Present Simple or Present Continuous form. Explain your choice.

1.I ___________ (think) having a good idea is crucial for small business development.

2.What __________ (you think) about?

3.It _______ (seem) that our new initiative _________ (become) more and more popular these days.

4.He __________ (have) a strong incentive to investment in small ventures.

5.He __________ (have) a business talk with a colleague at the moment.

6.Procter and Gamble _____ (make) a wide variety of consumer goods.

7.I ______ (see) Mrs Smith next week. She _______ (arrive) on Monday.

8.This time, we _________ (work) on a completely new market segmentation strategy.

9.We ______ (work) on slogans for different advertising campaigns.

10.Many consumers ________ (prefer) branded products.

11.The legislation ________ (come) into force on 1 September.

12._____ (place) the CD in the drive and _______ (click) on the icon.

13.This time I ______ (not mind) involving business angels in the deal.

14.Now he _____ (own) five mansions, several cars and yachts.

15.Today the product ______ (cost) $10 but it’ll be more expensive tomorrow.

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Ex. 12 Complete the sentences using the verbs in brackets in the Present Perfect or Present Perfect Continuous form. Explain your choice.

1.He ______ (be) to all European countries.

2.Our company _______ (grow) rapidly and now we can enter foreign markets.

3.Our company _______ (grow) rapidly for two years already.

4.The government _______ (announce) an increase in wealth tax.

5.This is the first time we ______ (alter) the organization structure of raising capital.

6.Imports ______ (increase) steadily over the past six months.

7.- You look tired. – I am. I ______ (work) on the report all day.

8.He ______ (play) a lot of golf with his business partners recently.

9.He ______ (play) golf twice this week.

Ex. 13 Choose the correct answer (a, b, c, d).

1.After graduation he applied for this job and he _________ there ever since.

a.is working

b.works

c.has worked

d.has been working

2.The secretary _______ the report all day and she’s only half way through.

a.types

b.is typing

c.has typed

d.has been typing

3.Companies ___________ billions on training every year.

a.spend

b.are spending

c.have spent

d.have been spending

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4.Today more and more companies _________ to enter the market with an innovative project.

a.try

b.are trying

c.have tried

d.have been trying

5.I ______ they ________ outside training yet because in-house on-the-job training _______ cheaper.

a.am thinking, do not arrange, seems

b.think, have not arranged, is seeming

c.think, has not arrange, seems

d.think, have not arranged, seems

6.Nowadays business leaders and government authorities

___________ equal opportunities for entrepreneurs to perform well and to enter healthy competition.

a.encourage

b.are encouraging

c.have encouraged

d.have been encouraging

Exam practice

Text 2

Ex.14 Read the paragraphs (A - F) and put them in a logical order to make a text. The first paragraph is given. Which words in each paragraph helped you decide?

1. A ; 2. __; 3.__; 4. __; 5. __; 6. ___

Top tips for starting your own business

A.With youth unemployment at record highs, one way for young people to get a job is to start their own business. Instead of waiting for someone else to hire you, why not set up a company

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