Metodichka_-_Anglysky_yazyk

Ex. 13 Fill in the gaps with a noun. Use the words in bold as prompts.

1.The … of water was serious, moreover, all other resources were scarce.

2.They became friends, and their … soon turned into a relationship.

3.Everybody deserves … in their life. To be happy is a basic human right.

4.I decided to give myself up, but the … was not easy.

5.… is the most important thing in life and you simply don't know how to enjoy yourself.

6.His … as a writer ended when people stopped buying his books: he didn't exist any more.

Ex. 14 Read the pairs of sentences and say which of the underlined words are verbs and which are nouns. Pay attention to the stressed syllable.

1.a. It's time to upgrade our computer. b. They introduced an upgrade to the system.

2.a. This country imports oil from the UK. b. This is a cheap product for import.

3.a. There has been an increase in the number of students. b. The GPD is increasing every year.

4.a. It's just a minor detail. b. The story details their struggle for independence.

Ex. 15 Underline the stressed syllable in the words in italics and read the sentences.

1.a. She is treated like an object. b. They objected to the proposals.

2.a. A customer survey was conducted. b. They surveyed 1,000 people.

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3.a. Do you need a permit to hunt here? b. They won't permit her to leave the country.

4.a. He is the prime suspect in the murder case. b. He was suspected of drug dealing.

5.a. There is a decrease in the population. b. Numbers are decreasing every year.

NB:

I have had the benefit of wealthy parents. The children benefited from the access to technology.

I don't have access to that kind of information. You can access the files over the Internet.

The 21st century witnessed numerous scientific advances. He is going to move to Moscow in hope to advance his career.

Ex. 16 Study the thesaurus entry for the word attempt and fill in the gaps.

attempt

1)__________ verb

1.to make an effort to do, get, have, etc.; try; endeavor

2.Archaic to tempt

2)__________ of attempt

Middle English attempten ; from Old French attempter ; from Classical Latin attemptare, to try, solicit ; from ad-, to + temptare, to try: see tempt

3) __________ forms

attemptable

4) __________ with attempt

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attempt the life of = try to kill someone

5) __________

try, make effort, pursue, seek, undertake, endeavor, venture

6) __________

forget, neglect

noun

a try

an attack, as on a person's life 7) __________ with attempt

ADJ.: successful | abortive, botched, failed, fruitless, futile, illfated, unsuccessful, vain

| conscious, deliberate | brave, bold, concerted, determined, serious, valiant | blatant | feeble, half-hearted, weak | clumsy, crude | desperate, frantic, last-ditch

a desperate attempt to find survivors of the accident

| repeated repeated attempts to break through enemy lines

| assassination, coup, rescue, suicide

VERB + ATTEMPT

make

She has made no attempt to contact her mother.

| succeed in He succeeded in his attempt to break the world record.

| abandon, fail in, give up

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| foil, thwart Their attempt to break out of prison was foiled.

ATTEMPT + VERB

succeed | fail

PREP.

in an/the ~

| ~ at He made a feeble attempt at a smile.

| ~ by an attempt by workers to prevent redundancies

Ex. 17 Fill in the gaps to make collocations.

1.In tears I watched her … attempt to save her son's life.

2.… attempts were stopped because of bad weather. The lost tourists were not found.

3.He his …ed attempt to reach the summit and called the rescue team.

4.… an attempt to ward off criticism, the government has made education a priority.

*Ex. 18 Use www.ozdic.com to find collocations for the words in Ex. 6. Present them to the class.

Grammar

Passive Infinitive: to be + Ved/V3

Spam filters need to be adjusted to meet the requirements of a client.

NB: Modal Verb + Infinitive (without to)

The possibility can be estimated if the prediction model is used.

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Ex. 19 Put the verbs in brackets in the Passive Infinitive. Then put the sentences in order to describe how to design a website.

a.Then the site has (to bring) to life by writing codes for it.

b.After that possible solutions and approaches can (to brainstorm).

c.Only then the design, colouring and navigation can (to considered).

d.Then wireframes need (to create) to allow you to focus on the placement of elements.

e.Finally, the site needs (to integrate) with the system you have chosen.

f.Thirdly, decisions need (to make) regarding the underlying structure of the site.

g.The structure of the site should (to outline) on paper.

h.Firstly, the target audience, goals and budget have (to

establish).

Future Simple Passive: will be + Ved/ V3

Then the performance of the filter will be assessed using the test set.

Present Perfect Passive: have/ has been + Ved/ V3

Antivirus software has been used since the beginning of the 1990s.

Present Continuous Passive: am/ is/ are being + Ved/ V3

A new server is being set up in my office at the moment.

Ex. 20 Rewrite the sentences below in the Passive Voice.

1.They will replace the outdated hardware with the new one.

2.We have already discussed this question.

3.They may invite me to give a speech at a conference this year.

4.Both parties will sign the contract.

5.They did not accept our proposal.

6.We have not congratulated him on passing the exam yet.

7.At the moment we are holding a meeting at my office.

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Ex. 21 Put the verb in brackets in the appropriate form of the Passive Voice.

1. Nowadays nanocrystal technology ________ (develop) to improve medical imaging, and in the future it may be possible to develop cell repair nanorobots.

2.The STAR programme, aimed at the less developed areas of the EC, ________ (use) to develop the telecommunications infrastructure for rural areas to stimulate the use of information networking for employment and skills development.

3.It is not difficult to imagine that in a short time the cost of a typical robotic system _______ (pay) back in one or two years.

4.The programmer is typically in a situation where he or she is in touch with only a very small part of the problem that ________

(work) on.

5.In a future integrated system, the databases ________ (organise) in a way that avoids redundancy and reformatting of information.

6.In some areas, however, there is more immediacy on concerns which _______ (use) by the substantial growth in network traffic and users, and the potential changes which can be perceived in the near future.

7.A similar arrangement ________ (recently proposed) for the countries in the area of the former Yugoslavia.

Ex. 22 Make a sentence to describe each picture in Present Perfect Passive. Use the words as prompts.

1.improve

2.destroy

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infect

Ex. 23 Choose the appropriate answer a, b, c, or d.

Matrices

Matrices (1) ___ throughout modern mathematics and statistics and their (2) ___ in the natural and social sciences. A matrix is a rectangular array of numbers representing the coefficients of the unknown in a linear system. The first example of such a system and its (3) ___ using matrix operations dates from more than 2000 years ago in China. The closely related concept of determinants (4) ___

independently in Japan and Europe in the seventeenth century. The systematic development of basic matrix theory, in both its algebraic and geometric aspects, (5) ____ in the nineteenth and early twentieth

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century. This theory played a major role in the development of quantum mechanics, the branch of physics underlying many technological (6) ____ of the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. Matrices (7) ___ in high school since linear algebra became a standard topic in the mathematics curriculum. Contemporary applications of matrix theory are cryptography, Internet security, and Internet search engines, such as Google. [12, p. 634-635]

Exam Practice

Text 2

Ex. 24 Use the word from the box below to fill in the gaps in Text 2.

Computer Viruses

A computer virus is a destructive program that, when activated, installs and replicates itself or [ 1 ] to other computer programs, data files, or other hard disk sectors. Often, they attempt to perform some type of harmful [ 2 ], such as corrupt data or access private information.

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Virus writers manage to spot vulnerable areas to get unauthorised [ 3 ] to their host's resources. The majority of viruses use complex strategies to avoid [ 4 ]. Viruses are created for various reasons: for profit, amusement, sabotage, or just pure [ 5 ].

Millions of computers are [ 6 ] by computer viruses every year, and the damage is [ 7 ] at billions of dollars. In response, free, open-source antivirus software has been developed. The industry selling antivirus programmes has been [ 8 ] at a tremendous [ 9 ] over the past 20 years. Unfortunately, no existing software is [ 10 ] enough to detect all the viruses.

Ex. 25 Choose the best sentence part to fill in each gap.

A dispensed a variety of products.

B to alert venders of the need of restocking or repair.

C invented by the Egyptian mathematician Hero of Alexandria.

D determined through a simple formula: Net Income = Income – Expenses.

E often expressed as a table.

F such as a letter and number, that corresponds to the desired product, which is then electronically dispensed.

Vending Machines

Vending Machines are finite state machines, also known as

“automata”, that transition between states based on customer input data, such as product selection. Vending machine designers use mathematical models and Boolean algebra to determine the states the machine should transition into based on input data variables. The outcome is 1) … . The control unit reads the data as either “true”, meaning the machine recognises the input language, or “false”, meaning it does not.

The first documented vending machine was 2) … . By the twentieth century, vending had developed into a billion dollar industry, and vending machines 3) … . Older vending machines

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relied on the mechanical activity of knobs and levers activated by the customer to dispense the desired product. Vending machine operators utilise mathematics to determine potential and actual expenses and profits, as well as process sales and stock data. For example, net income can be 4) … .

Modern vending machines, however, utilise basic computing system processors to analyse customer input data, 5) … . Modern advances in vending machine technology include cards validators for debit and credit cards, voice activation; electronic message displays for insufficient funds, lack of change, or sold out products; and remote wireless diagnostics and data collecting 6) … . [12, p. 10331034]

Listening

Ex. 26 Match the phrases (1-4) to the functions (a, b).

1.you should/ could/ might/ have to

2.be careful/ cautious about

3.don't (do something), otherwise/or

4.it is important/ necessary/ vital/ recommended/ suggested that you

a)give advice;

b)give a warning.

Ex. 27 Listen to a talk and say which advice and warnings are given.

Ex. 28 Listen again and complete the notes.

1.People pay little attention to ____________.

2.__________ software protects from ___________ and

____________.

3.Software can also be used by _____________.

4.But you are not completely __________ anyway.

5.Make ____________ copies of your work.

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