Упражнение 9

Герундиальный оборот состоит из двух частей. Первая часть может выражаться притяжательным местоимением (my, your, his, her, its, our, their), личным местоимением в объектном падеже (me, you, him, her, it, us, them), существительным в притяжательном падеже (Anna’s) или существительным в общем падеже (Anna). Вторая часть выражается герундием.

Герундиальный оборот, как правило, переводится придаточным предложением.

Excuse my interrupting you. Простите, что прерываю вас.

I don’t like him coming home late. Мне не нравится, что он приходит домой поздно.

I knew about the secretary (s’) coming at 8 sharp.

Я знал, что секретарь приходила ровно в 8.

Вариант 1

1. Перепишите и письменно переведите следующие предложения, обращая внимание на значения глагола to do:

1. What do you do? - I'm an economics student. 2. There's nothing I can do about it. 3. She does well at college. 4. Your friend speaks English fluently, you don't. 5. Don't bother me. I'm busy.

2. Перепишите и переведите предложения, обращая внимание на различные значения глагола to be:

1. I am an economics student. 2. My sister is good at mathematics. 3. How old are you? -I am 20 years old. 4. You are to go there at once. 5. The manager is out. 6. He is tired. 7. Our experts are examining the documents. 8. My friend is working at his graduation paper. 9. The director is in his office.

3. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие предложения, обращая внимание на инфинитив в функции определения:

1. The data to be published in our newspaper must be accurate. 2. The problems to be discussed at tomorrow's meeting are very important. 3. The teachers to examine the students will come soon.

4. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык предложения с объектным инфинитивным и причастным оборотом:

1. I saw him speak at the meeting. 2. Tom's parents don't let him play computer games. 3. I'd like you to visit us. 4. Let's get down to business. 5. I noticed him drive along the road. 6. He saw the manager reading the letter.

5. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык предложения с субъектным инфинитивным оборотом:

1. The visitor was asked to come in. 2. You are sure to have made a mistake. 3. The accountant was seen to leave the director's office. 4. The situation turned out to be difficult. 5. The World Trade Center in New York was reported to have been destroyed by terrorists.

6. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие предложения. Выпишите Participle I и Participle II и укажите их функцию в предложении:

1. When reading the article I remembered my meeting with the author. 2. She looked at the setting sun. 3. The forwarding agents (экспедиторы) were sent to factory. 4. Ann is always well dressed. 5. I felt my colleagues speaking about me.

7. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие предложения, обращая внимание на зависимый и самостоятельный причастные обороты:

1. The ship having arrived at the port, the workers began unloading the goods. 2. A cow being a sacred animal in India, beef is not eaten. 3. Being a nation of tea-drinkers, English people drink tea several times a day. 4. Circumstances permitting, we will begin working tomorrow. 5. The reception was held yesterday, (with) our partners being present.

8. Перепишите и переведите на русский язык следующие предложения. Определите форму герундия и его функцию в предложении:

1. After passing my examination I went to the seaside. 2. Learning English is important for a businessman. 3. I hate being asked silly questions. 4. I like your idea of taking a holiday. 5. The secretary’s duty is answering the telephone.

9. Перепишите и переведите на русский язык следующие предложения, обращая внимание на перевод герундиальных оборотов:

1. Excuse my interrupting you. 2. The employees being in time for work is absolutely necessary. 3. The teacher didn’t like the students talking.

10. Прочитайте и письменно  переведите на русский язык следующий текст:

Money

Money is the coins or banknotes that people use when pay for goods and services. It measures the value of things.

Coins and paper money were invented in China. People had used shell, cattle, lamb skins as primitive forms of money before it.

The word money comes from the name of the Roman goddess Moneta in whose temple silver coins were made. At that time money was a ring or an ornament, or a piece of gold and silver. Later cheaper metals were used for making coins instead of gold and silver. At present coins are made of different alloys.

Economists say that money has three functions. It serves as a medium of exchange, a standard of value and a store of wealth.

As a medium of exchange, money is used in trade. People sell products for money. Then they buy other products they need.

As a standard of value money shows the worth of the things. The price of a thing is the amount of money that people pay when they want to buy it.

As a store of wealth, money is kept in banks. People can receive interest on their investments in banks.

Many countries have gold stock. A country’s money is based on gold standard. Gold standard prevents the value of money from changing.

Highly developed countries base their national money on the decimal system. The American dollar is divided into 100 cents. The British pound sterling has 100 pence. The Russian rouble comprises 100 kopecks. The euro contains 100 cents.

The euro, the single European currency, appeared in clearing in the countries of the European Union on January 1, 1999. On January 1, 2001 it was introduced in cash. Russia uses both the dollar and the euro in its international trade transactions.

Notes:

gold standard – золотое обеспечение;

gold stock – золотой запас;

clearing – безналичные расчеты между банками.

11. Выпишите из текста английские эквиваленты следующих слов и выражений:

Монеты, банкноты, измеряют стоимость, средство обмена, мера стоимости, средство накопления, богиня, вместо золота и серебра, сплавы, получать процентный доход от капиталовложений, золотой запас, золотое обеспечение, десятичная система, единая европейская валюта.

12. Письменно ответьте на следующие вопросы:

1. What is money?

2. Where was money invented?

3. What functions does money have?

4. What system do many countries base their money on?

5. What money does Russia use in international trade transactions?

13. Напишите, какие деньги используются в России.