In LNAV and VNAV, all airplane course, vertical path, thrust and speed changes must be verified.

With autopilot engaged, all MCP changes will be made by the PF. In manual flight, the PNF will make all MCP changes at the direction of the PF. All changes to the MCP will be called out by the PF. The crewmember making a change to the MCP altitude will keep one finger in contact with the selector until the change has been confirmed by the other crewmember with the call "CHECKED".

CDU Operation

On the ground, the control display unit (CDU) entries are normally performed by the first officer and verified by the captain. In flight, CDU entries are normally accomplished by the PNF and verified by the PF prior to execution. CDU entries should be accomplished prior to high workload periods such as departure, arrival, or holding. During high workload periods, using the autopilot modes such as heading select, level change, and the altitude and speed intervention features may be more efficient than entering complex route modifications into the CDU. During climb and descent, CDU entries in LNAV will be made by the PNF. The PF will be responsible for all changes to the vertical profile through the CDU.

Ex. 12. Discuss an ab-initio pilot’s responsibilities in pairs, then in groups.

PUSHBACK / TOWING. TAXI

Ex. 13. Practise saying these words.

Specific, procedure, maintenance, primary, personnel, process, positioning, moving, deck, angle, communication, essential, operator, injured, majority, reduce, accomplished, hydraulic, pressurized, steering, ensure, brake, equipment, obtain, clearance, edge, complete, observe, hazard, diagram, location, available, conduct, efficient, readily, technique, similar, beyond, centerline, initiate, approach,

approximately, displacement, completion, gradually, path, surface, reference, maneuver.

Ex. 14. Make sure you know these terms.

Towing, pushback, maintenance, accident, training, tug, flight deck, to align, margin, tow-bar, communication, headset, flap, in the vicinity of …, nose wheel, skid, hydraulic system, pressure, to pressurize, to ensure, tow tractor, lock, equipment, clearance, thrust, to complete, hazard, flight crew, gate, marshaller, to clear, to taxi, crewmember, technique, centerline, main gear, to intersect, exit / entry point, to approach, displacement, to release, steering wheel, input, tire (tyre), surface, to delay, available.

Ex. 15. Paraphrase these word combinations and remember abbreviations.

A. An airport diagram; engine start; pilot uncertainty of the RW; a low speed turn; narrow taxi surface; taxiway pavement edge locations; safety margin; the turning radius; maneuver capability; obstacle clearance requirements; foreign object damage.

B. RW – runway; TW – taxiway; CG – centre of gravity; ILS – instrument landing system; FOD – foreign object damage; APU – auxiliary power unit.

Ex. 16. Translate these word combinations.

To develop procedures; to present serious hazards to ground personnel; to be tailored for specific operations; proper training; to position and connect the tug and tow-bar; to move the airplane; to disconnect the tow-bar; proper training of both pilots and ground maintenance; headset operator; people injured or killed; in the majority of accidents; to accomplish pushback with all hydraulic system pressurized and nose wheel steering locked out; to be on headset; to communicate any possible safety hazards to the flight crew; to accomplish engine start; to delay engine start; to start taxiing only after the marshaller clears the aircraft to taxi; an airport diagram; to require more than idle thrust; to be aware of buildings or other

objects in the area being swept by jet blast during the turn; pilot uncertainty of the RW and / or TW pavement edge locations and related safety margins; potential foreign object damage (FOD); to position oneself to avoid the hazard; to tow the airplane to the desired location; to maneuver to keep the engine nacelles over the prepared surfaces; to cause skidding of the nose gear during turn; to reduce the turning radius; to place the main gear approximately on the RW centerline; to align the plane with the new direction of taxi; to release brakes; to add thrust; to result in a low speed turn; to impose undue stress on the landing gear; appropriate checklists; specific operation; safe and efficient taxi; possible safety hazards; readily available location; narrow taxi surface; relevant information, outboard side; potential damage; asymmetric thrust; light intermittent braking; slippery surface; standing water; periodic run-ups; to provide the best maneuver capability; to meet obstacle clearance requirements; RW edge.

Ex. 17. Think of synonyms.

Essential – . . . . . . . . . .; to connect – . . . . . . . . . .; flight deck – . . . . . . . . . .; in the vicinity of – . . . . . . . . . .; to reduce – . . . . . . . . .; to accomplish – . . . . . . . . . .

/ . . . . . . . . . . / . . . . . . . . . .; to make sure – . . . . . . . . . .; to obtain – . . . . . . . . . . /

. . . . . . . . .; to complete – . . . . . . . . . . / . . . . . . . . . .; to clear – . . . . . . . . . / . . . . . . . . .; to initiate – . . . . . . . . . . / . . . . . . . . .; completion – . . . . . . . . . .; to near – . . . . . . . . . .; to fall – . . . . . . . . . .; significantly – . . . . . . . . . .; special – . . . . . . . . . .; with flaps up – . . . . . . . . . .; fluid – . . . . . . . . . ..

Ex. 18. Insert prepositions where necessary.

1. Each operator should develop specific pushback and towing procedures tailored . . . . . their specific operations. 2. There have been many accidents where personnel were run over . . . . . the airplane wheels . . . . . the pushback or towing process. 3. Proper training . . . . . both pilots and ground maintenance and good communication . . . . . the flight deck and ground personnel are essential . . . . . a safe operation. 4. Procedures that do not have personnel . . . . . the vicinity . . . . .

the nose wheel help to reduce the possibility . . . . . such accidents. 5. Ground personnel should be on headset to observe and communicate any possible safety hazards . . . . . the flight crew. 6. . . . . . the tow tractor and tow bar have been connected, obtain a pushback or towing clearance . . . . . ground control. 7. All passengers should be . . . . . their seats, all doors closed and all equipment . . . . . the airplane. 8. An airport diagram should be kept . . . . . a location readily available . . . . .

both crewmembers during taxi. 9. Use a technique similar . . . . . other large airplanes. 10. Since more than idle thrust is required flight crew should be aware

. . . . . buildings or other objects . . . . . the area being swept . . . . . jet blast . . . . .

the turn. 11. Taxi the airplane so that the main gear tires are close . . . . . the runway edge. 12. This type . . . . . maneuvering is normally not required unless operating . . . . . runways less than 148 ft (45 m) . . . . . width. 13. APU should be operating while taxiing . . . . . an engine shutdown. 14. It is desirable to operate engine . . . . . low thrust . . . . . several minutes prior . . . . . take off if it was shutdown . . . . . several hours.

Ex. 19. Cross the odd one out.

1.To make, to carry out, to perform, to execute, to conduct, to complete.

2.Tow, push back, taxi under own power.

3.Injured, hurt, killed, bruised, wounded.

4.Outer, outboard, internal, external.

5.Rudder, flaps, slats, ailerons, spoilers.

6.Engine start-up, warm up, run-up, dry-up.

Ex. 20. Make sure you know singular forms of these nouns.

Radios – . . . . . . . . .; aircraft – . . . . . . . . .; radii – . . . . . . . . .; phenomena –

. . . . . . . . .; criteria – . . . . . . . . . .; appendices –. . . . . . . . . ..

Ex. 21. Describe pushback / tow and taxi procedures.