МИНИСТЕРСТВО ТРАНСПОРТА РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ ФЕДЕРАЛЬНОЕ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЕ ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНОЕ УЧРЕЖДЕНИЕ ВЫСШЕГО ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНОГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ

УЛЬЯНОВСКОЕ ВЫСШЕЕ АВИАЦИОННОЕ УЧИЛИЩЕ ГРАЖДАНСКОЙ АВИАЦИИ (ИНСТИТУТ)

Л.В. ШАВКУНОВА

АВИАЦИОННЫЙ АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК (ТЕХНИЧЕСКИЕ АСПЕКТЫ)

Учебное пособие

Ульяновск 2010

ВВЕДЕНИЕ

Учебное пособие «Авиационный английский язык (технические аспекты)» рассчитано на курсантов-пилотов высших и средних учебных заведений ГА, достигших уровня Intermediate в области общего английского языка, прошедших курс авиационного английского языка и готовящихся к управлению воздушными судами иностранного производства.

Концепция пособия возникла в результате рекомендаций ряда российских авиакомпаний по улучшению качества языковой подготовки пилотоввыпускников, в частности, владению техническим английским языком, что необходимо для грамотной работы с документацией (РЛЭ) воздушных судов иностранного производства.

Данное пособие было апробировано в группах курсантов специализации 160503.65.01 – Летная эксплуатация гражданских воздушных судов Ульяновского высшего авиационного училища гражданской авиации в

2008–2010 годах.

Учебный материал пособия рассчитан на 50 часов практических занятий, часть которых должна проходить с использованием CBT-технологий. Пособие включает одиннадцать разделов и условно делится на две части. Первая часть содержит упражнения по темам, рассматривающим этапы полета: руление, взлет, первоначальный набор высоты и набор высоты, крейсерский полет, снижение, ожидание, заход на посадку и уход на второй круг. Вторая часть включает упражнения по темам, рассматривающим функциональные системы воздушного судна: систему кондиционирования и вентилирования воздуха, противообледенительную систему, систему автоматического управления полетом, электрооборудование воздушного судна, систему управления двигателем и вспомогательную силовую установку, противопожарную, топливную и гидравлическую системы. Все упражнения направлены на развитие, активизацию и закрепление лексической компетенции обучающихся в области технического английского языка.

Пособие содержит два варианта промежуточных тестов и итоговый тест для закрепления полученных знаний и самоконтроля.

В конце учебного пособия приведены ответы к упражнениям для проверки правильности их выполнения.

NORMAL PROCEDURES

Ex. 1. Practise saying these words.

Procedure, flight crew, ensure, acceptable, phase, assume, correctly, perform, recall, verify, minimize, workload, design, technology, accomplishment, safety, consistent, responsibility, modification, response, proper, improper, necessary, circuit, breaker, individual, determine, maintenance, compliance, prevent, captain, first officer, dispatch, authorization, issue, quality, engineering, annunciator, lights, alerts, require, appropriate, completion, prior to, available, equivalent, commence, commander, concept, initiate, outside, path, flight path, communications, manually, autopilot, flight director, autothrottles, occur, thrust, throttle, confirm, execution, callout, periods, departure, arrival, holding, heading, altitude, intervention, features, efficient, complex, route, profile, through, however, similarly.

Ex. 2. Remember these abbreviations.

Ex. 3. Make sure you know these terms and word combinations.

Flight crew, crew member, captain, first officer, flight crew duties, airplane condition, flight deck, phase of flight, to operate, to perform, checklist, items, to verify, safety, system status, system response, system controls, to position system controls, indication, circuit breaker (CB), to check CBs, engine start, to affect dispatch, maintenance, to require maintenance, authorization, dispatch authorization, quality department, annunciator lights, to alert the crew, a non-normal system condition, the primary means, to illuminate / to extinguish (about lights), pushback, to commence, to initiate actions, pre / post flight, flight path, airspeed, control, navigation, start levers, fire switches, takeoff, landing roll, table, to fly the airplane, manually, autopilot, flight director, autothrottle (AT), schedule, to occur, mode, mode change, mode control panel (MCP), flight mode annunciation display, to monitor, airplane course, vertical path, thrust, thrust mode change, to engage, confirm, workload, high workload periods (departure, arrival, or holding), heading, altitude, speed intervention, route, route modification, climb, descent, judgment, training, training flights, manual, training manual, flight crew training manual (FCTM), flight crew operations manual (FCOM).

Ex. 4. Translate these word combinations.

А. To use normal procedures; the trained flight crew; to ensure airplane condition is acceptable; to be correctly configured for each phase of flight; to assume all systems are operating normally; to utilize automated features; to perform procedures; to follow a panel flow; to use checklists; to verify that critical items affecting safety have been accomplished; to minimize crew workload; to be consistent (совместимый, сообразный, согласующийся) with flight deck technology; during accomplishment of procedures; the crew member’s responsibility; to ensure proper system response; an improper indication; to position system controls properly; to check the appropriate circuit breaker(s) and test related system light(s); before engine start; to verify system status; to indicate

an improper condition prior to engine start; to determine if the condition may affect dispatch; to require maintenance action or compliance with the minimum equipment list (MEL); to prevent dispatch; to issue a single event dispatch authorization; in consultation with; after engine start; the MASTER CAUTION system; to use annunciator lights and alerts as the primary means to alert the crew to a non-normal system condition; the illumination of system annunciator lights; to require accomplishment of the appropriate non–normal procedure; upon completion of the procedure; prior to takeoff, after commencing pushback; to be constrained by the MEL; however, to exercise sound judgment in deciding whether to continue; to organize flight crew duties in accordance with an area of responsibility concept; to assign for each crewmember a flight deck area where the crewmember initiates actions for required procedures; to apportion pre / post flight duties between the captain and first officer; phase of flight duties apportioned between the pilot flying (PF) and pilot not flying (PNF); a normal scan flow; to handle certain items in the most logical sequence; for existing conditions; to be initiated at the direction of the captain; to carry out all system configuration changes; flight path and airspeed control; airplane configuration; to read checklist; tasks requested by PF; start levers and fire switches; phase of flight duties beginning with the takeoff procedure and ending with completion of the landing roll procedure; to be presented in table form; in the appropriate procedures section; when flying the airplane; to perform the duties listed under PF; to operate the controls on the mode control panel at the direction of the PF; when the airplane is being flown manually; to retain final authority for all actions directed and performed; to monitor autopilot flight director system (AFDS) and flight management system (FMS); to select a mode change; to verify the annunciation on the flight mode annunciation display; to monitor airplane course, vertical path and speed; to select a thrust mode change; the thrust mode display; with autopilot engaged; in manual flight; to make all MCP changes at the direction of the PF; to call out all changes to the MCP; a change to the MCP altitude; to keep one finger

in contact with the selector until the change has been confirmed by the other crewmember with the call "CHECKED"; on the ground; the control display unit (CDU) entries; to perform entries; to accomplish entries; to be verified by the PF prior to execution; high workload periods such as departure, arrival, or holding; to use the autopilot modes such as heading select or level change; the altitude and speed intervention features; to enter complex route modifications into the CDU; during climb and descent, to make changes to the vertical profile through the CDU.

В. However, although, similarly, then, so, normally, still, once, thus, first, second, next, last / finally.

С. Appropriate, available, efficient, similar, primary, consistent with.

Ex. 5. Paraphrase these word combinations.

e.g. Mode control panel – a panel used to control modes of operation.

Appropriate procedures section; high workload periods; the control display unit (CDU) entries; a thrust mode change; the flight mode annunciation display.

Ex. 6. Decode these abbreviations.

MCP, FMS, FCOM, FCTM, PF, PNF, MEL, CDU, LNAV, AFDS, VNAV, AT, CB.

Ex. 7. Think of synonyms.

Cockpit – . . . . . . . . . .; to utilize – . . . . . . . . . .; fully – . . . . . . . . . .; phase – . . . . . . . . . .; ensure – . . . . . . . . . / . . . . . . . . .; modification – . . . . . . . . . . /

. . . . . . . . . .; response – . . . . . . . . . . / . . . . . . . . . .; to comply with – . . . . . . . . . .; dispatch – . . . . . . . . . .; authorization – . . . . . . . . . / . . . . . . . . .; single – . . . . . . . . . . /

. . . . . . . . . .; caution – . . . . . . . . . . /. . . . . . . . . .; extinguisher – . . . . . . . . . .; prior to – . . . . . . . . . .; to require – . . . . . . . . . .; the existing conditions – . . . . . . . . . /

. . . . . . . . . .; to perform – . . . . . . . . . / . . . . . . . . . / . . . . . . . . .; duties – . . . . . . . . . .; to select – . . . . . . . . . . / . . . . . . . . .; to occur – . . . . . . . . . .; to engage – . . . . . . . . . /

. . . . . . . . . ..

Ex. 8. Insert prepositions where necessary.

1. Normal procedures are used . . . . . the trained flight crew to ensure that airplane condition is acceptable and the flight deck is correctly configured . . . . .

each phase of flight. 2. Procedures are performed . . . . . recall and follow . . . . . a panel flow. 3. These procedures are designed to minimize crew workload and are consistent . . . . . flight deck technology. 4. If an individual system light is indicating an improper condition prior . . . . . engine start, determine if the condition may affect . . . . . dispatch and require maintenance action or compliance

. . . . . the minimum equipment list (MEL) 5. After engine start, the MASTER CAUTION system, annunciator lights, and alerts are used as the primary means to alert the crew . . . . . a non-normal system condition. 6. Illumination . . . . . the MASTER CAUTION and system annunciator lights requires accomplishment . . . . .

the appropriate non–normal procedure. 7. Upon completion . . . . . the procedure and prior . . . . . takeoff, the dispatch deviations guide (DDG) or airline equivalent should be consulted to determine if MEL relief is available. 8. Once pushback has commenced, the aircraft is no longer constrained . . . . . the MEL, however, the commander must exercise sound judgement . . . . . deciding whether to continue. 9. Flight crew duties are organized . . . . . accordance . . . . . an area . . . . .

responsibility concept. 10. Pre / post flight duties are apportioned . . . . . the captain and first officer, while phase of flight duties are apportioned . . . . . the pilot flying (PF) and pilot not flying (PNF) 11. A normal scan flow is encouraged; however, certain items may be handled . . . . . the most logical sequence . . . . . existing conditions. 12. Actions outside the crew member’s area of responsibility are initiated . . . . . the direction of the captain. 13. Phase of flight duties, beginning . . . . .

the takeoff procedure and ending . . . . . completion of the landing roll procedure, are presented . . . . . table form . . . . . the appropriate procedures section. 14. Although the mode control panel is designated as the PF’s responsibility, the PNF should operate the controls . . . . . the mode control panel . . . . . the direction of the PF when the airplane is being flown manually. 15. When the autopilot, flight

director, or autothrottles are . . . . . use and a mode change is selected or is scheduled to occur, the annunciation must be verified . . . . . the flight mode annunciation display. 16. . . . . . climb and descent, CDU entries in LNAV will be made . . . . . the PNF. 17. The PF will be responsible . . . . . all changes . . . . . the vertical profile . . . . . the CDU.

Ex. 9. Form nouns. Underline the verbs that do not change their form.

To accomplish – . . . . . . . . . .; to verify – . . . . . . . . . .; to use – . . . . . . . . . .; to modify – . . . . . . . . . .; to respond – . . . . . . . . . .; to indicate – . . . . . . . . . / . . . . . . . . .; to check – . . . . . . . . . .; to enter – . . . . . . . . . .; to position – . . . . . . . . . .; to relate – . . . . . . . . .; to comply – . . . . . . . . . .; to authorize – . . . . . . . . . .; to issue – . . . . . . . . .; to illuminate – . . . . . . . . . .; to set – . . . . . . . . . .; to extinguish – . . . . . . . . . .; to require – . . . . . . . . . .; to decide – . . . . . . . . . .; to control – . . . . . . . . . . / . . . . . . . . . .; to navigate – . . . . . . . . . . / . . . . . . . . . .; to communicate – . . . . . . . . . .; to request – . . . . . . . . . .; to perform – . . . . . . . . . .; to select – . . . . . . . . . .; to change – . . . . . . . . . .; to hoed – . . . . . . . . . .; to engage – . . . . . . . . . .; to monitor – . . . . . . . . . .; to execute – . . . . . . . . . .; to depart – . . . . . . . . . .; to arrive – . . . . . . . . . .; to display – . . . . . . . . . .; to list –

. . . . . . . . . .; to maintain – . . . . . . . . . ..

Ex. 10. Explain these terms.

Flight deck, phase of flight, checklist, system response, system controls, circuit breaker, engine start, flight path, holding, mode change, maintenance, workload, autopilot, autothrottle.

Ex. 11. Translate the text.

Normal procedures are used by the trained flight crew to ensure that airplane condition is acceptable and the flight deck is correctly configured for each phase of flight. These procedures assume all systems are operating normally and automated features are fully utilized. Procedures are performed from recall and follow a panel

flow. Checklists are used to verify that critical items affecting safety have been accomplished. These procedures are designed to minimize crew workload and are consistent with flight deck technology.

During accomplishment of procedures, it is the crew member’s responsibility to ensure proper system response. If an improper indication is noted, first verify that the system controls are properly positioned. Then, if necessary, check the appropriate circuit breaker(s), and test related systemlight(s). Before engine start, individual system lights are used to verify system status. If an individual system light is indicating an improper condition prior to engine start, determine if the condition may affect dispatch and require maintenance action or compliance with the minimum equipment list (MEL). If a condition prevents dispatch, maintenance control may be able to issue a single event dispatch authorization in consultation with the engineering quality department.

After engine start, the MASTER CAUTION system, annunciator lights, and alerts are used as the primary means to alert the crew to a non-normal system condition. Illumination of the MASTER CAUTION and system annunciator lights requires accomplishment of the appropriate non–normal procedure. Upon completion of the procedure and prior to takeoff, the dispatch deviations guide (DDG) or airline equivalent should be consulted to determine if MEL relief is available.

Once pushback has commenced, the aircraft is no longer constrained by the MEL, however, the commander must exercise sound judgment in deciding whether to continue.

Flight crew duties are organized in accordance with an area of responsibility concept. Each crewmember is assigned a flight deck area where the crewmember initiates actions for required procedures. The panel illustrations describe each crewmember’s area of responsibility for pre / post flight and phase of flight.

Pre/post flight duties are apportioned between the captain and first officer, while phase of flight duties are apportioned between the pilot flying (PF) and pilot not flying (PNF). A normal scan flow is encouraged; however, certain items may

be handled in the most logical sequence for existing conditions. Actions outside the crew member’s area of responsibility are initiated at the direction of the captain. While taxiing, all system configuration changes are carried out by the first officer at the direction of the captain. General phase of flight responsibilities are as follows:

Pilot flying (PF):

–flight path and airspeed control;

–airplane configuration;

–navigation.

Pilot not flying (PNF):

–checklist reading;

–communications;

–tasks requested by PF;

–start levers and fire switches.

Phase of flight duties, beginning with the takeoff procedure and ending with completion of the landing roll procedure, are presented in table form in the appropriate procedures section.

The first officer, when flying the airplane, performs the duties listed under PF, and the captain performs those duties listed under PNF.

Note: Although the mode control panel is designated as the PF’s responsibility, the PNF should operate the controls on the mode control panel at the direction of the PF when the airplane is being flown manually. The captain retains final authority for all actions directed and performed.

Autopilot Flight Director System and Flight Management System Monitoring

When the autopilot, flight director, or autothrottles are in use and a mode change is selected or is scheduled to occur, the annunciation must be verified on the flight mode annunciation display. Airplane course, vertical path, and speed must always be monitored. Similarly, when a thrust mode change is selected or is scheduled to occur, the annunciation must be verified on the thrust mode display.