- •Укладач: Андрюшкiна I.О., викл.
- •1 Модуль
- •2 Модуль
- •3 Модуль
- •4 Модуль
- •Module 1
- •1. Pronouns
- •2. Nouns
- •Accommodation, advice, baggage, behavior, bread, chaos, damage, furniture, information, luck, luggage, news, permission, progress, scenery, traffic, weather, work, etc.
- •3. Adjectives (Comparisons)
- •Irregular forms:
- •Comparative constructions:
- •4. Present Simple
- •5. Present Continuous
- •6. Present Simple and Present Continuous
- •Stative verbs
- •7. Future Simple and Present tenses with the future meaning
- •Hold, carry, cost, take place, provide, sell, use
- •Be going to
- •Finish, complain, fall off, be, miss, die, rain, drive, work, fail
- •8. Present Perfect
- •Since, yet, for, already
- •In the laboratory ....
- •9. Past simple
- •Used to
- •Write, spend, work, hold, help, act, teach, set, tell, do
- •9.6 Grammar Quiz
- •10. Present Perfect Continuous
- •11. Past Continuous
- •Grammar quiz: Simple and Continuous
- •12. Past Perfect
- •13. Past Perfect Continuous
- •14. Revision
- •Test yourself: Tenses
- •Module 2
- •1. “Say” and “tell”
- •2. Reported statements
- •3. Reported Questions
- •4. Reported commands / requests / suggestions
- •5. Modals in Reported Speech
- •6. Introductory Verbs
- •Complain, advise, refuse, warn, beg, suggest, agree, exclaim, deny, offer, insist, apologise, threaten, accuse, prefer
- •7. Revision
- •Test yourself: reported speech
- •1. If the sentence is correct, put a tick (۷). If it is wrong, write the correct variant:
- •2. Read the letter and then complete the text:
- •Passive Voice
- •1. Formation and uses
- •Ship, pick, drink, take, dry, roast, prepare, sell, sort, plant Growing and preparing coffee.
- •Grown, cut, taught, locked, sent, explained, killed, given, built, driven
- •Cause, damage, hold, include, invite, make, overtake, show, translate, write
- •2. Changing from active into passive
- •Had been given, had been told, had never been taught, was given (twice), was offered, was promised, was sent, was shown, wasn't being paid
- •3. Passive structures
- •It _____________________________________________ (be) supposed to
- •Arrive, be, block, come, park, phone, start
- •Ask, break, damage, hurt, pay, steal, sting, stop, use
- •4. Revision
- •For Love or Money
- •Test yourself: passives
- •1. Circle a passive or active verb form:
- •2. Put simple present, simple past or future passive verbs into these sentences:
- •3. Circle the best way to continue:
- •4. Put present perfect or present continuous passive verbs into these sentences:
- •5. Use the words in italics as the subjects and verbs of passive sentences:
- •Module 3 “Modal Verbs”
- •I Functions of modal verbs with the Simple infinitives
- •1. We express ability with:
- •Come eat hear run sleep wait
- •2. We express possibility / probability with:
- •3. We express permission with: (asking for permission)
- •(Giving / refusing permission)
- •4. We make requests, offers or suggestions with:
- •5. We express advice with:
- •Do, not forget, get, give, have, invite, not let, open, start, not tell
- •6. We express obligation or necessity with:
- •7. We express absence of necessity or prohibition with:
- •E.G. You mustn’t touch those wires.
- •Do, get up, go, go, pay, shave, wait, work
- •8. Typical behaviour
- •Be drive fall keep listen make play ring take talk tell
- •9. Revision
- •II *Functions of modal verbs with the Perfect, Continuous and Perfect Continuous infinitives
- •1. Could have done
- •2. Must have done & can’t have done
- •3. May / might have done
- •4. Needn’t have done
- •5. Should have done
- •6. Revision exercises
- •6.3 * Moneybags case
- •Inspector North decided to interview all the suspects separately. Complete the dialogues with the modals in brackets. Sometimes more than one is possible, but use each modal at least once:
- •Test yourself: modal verbs
- •E.G. I'll be back tomorrow unless there's a strike.
- •Note 3: We use “in case” to talk about precautions – things we do to be ready for what might happen. After “in case” we use a present tense to talk about the future.
- •2. Type Two
- •Call an ambulance, complain to the manager, run away, try to catch it, walk to the nearest garage to get some, ring the police
- •3. Type Three
- •4. Revision 1
- •5. Mixed conditionals
- •5.4 * Match the clauses and write the mixed conditional sentences:
- •6. Wishes
- •7. It’s time…
- •I'd rather you phoned her.
- •8. Revision 2
- •I could visit my friend.
- •Test yourself: conditionals Supply the correct forms of the missing verbs:
- •Write Type 2 conditionals to match these situations:
- •Comment on the following situations:
- •Supply “if not” or “unless” in these sentences. Note where you could use either:
- •Use mixed tenses in these sentences:
- •Module 4 Non-finite forms of the verb
- •1. Gerund / ing-form
- •Do, swim, fly, play, run, try, travel, lie, get, ride
- •Answer, apply, be, be, listen, make, see, try, use, wash, work, write
- •2. Could you please stop ______ so much noise?
- •About, of, in, to, after, by, for, on, at, without
- •Look in a dictionary, oil it, play loud music, rob a bank, stroke it, switch on the ignition, take an aspirin, use an extinguisher
- •5. The shops are shut now. It's too late to ____________________.
- •2. Infinitive
- •Help, stay, find, speak, look after, telephone, buy, go, go out, get on
- •Do get go ride say use
- •3. Revision: Gerund or Infinitive?
- •4. Present Participle
- •5. Past Participle
- •2. It was surpris___ to see her.
- •Test yourself: non-finites Circle the correct answer.
- •Put in the correct form of the verb.
- •Circle the correct answer.
- •Rewrite the sentences with infinitives.
- •Circle the correct answer.
- •Appendix 1 Active Voice: Formation
- •Appendix 2 Passive Voice: Formation
- •Appendix 3 The -ing form is used :
- •Appendix 4 The to-infinitive is used:
- •Appendix 5 The infinitive without “to” is used:
- •7. Can; 8. Must; 9. Shouldn’t; 10. Must not; 11. Should; 12. Have to
- •13. I will be able to speak French soon. 14. Everybody had to fill in a big form last year. 15. Everybody will have to fill in a big form next year.
- •Appendix 6
- •Verbs with prepositions:
- •Resources:
- •Укладач: Андрюшкiна I.О., викл.
8. Typical behaviour
We can use “will” to talk about habits and typical behaviour. – e.g. She’ll sit talking to herself for hours. If we stress “will”, it can sound critical. – e.g. She will fall in love with the wrong people. “Would” is used to talk about the past. – On Saturdays, when I was a child, we would all get up early and go fishing.
8.1 Complete the sentences with will/would + one of the verbs:
Be drive fall keep listen make play ring take talk tell
1. 'Dad, I've broken my watch.' 'Well, you _____ ____ playing with it.'
2. On Sundays when we were kids, Mother _____ ____ us pancakes for breakfast.
3. He's no trouble – he _____ ____ by himself for hours.
4. She's nice, but she_____ ____about people behind their backs.
4. People _____ ____ to you if you listen to them.
5. We lived by a lake, and sometimes Dad ____ _____ us fishing.
6. I'm not surprised you had an accident – you _____ ____ too fast.
7. If you drop toast, it ____ butter side down every time.
8. If you're having a bath, the phone ____. And if you answer it, it _____ ____ a wrong number.
9. He _____ ____ you one thing one minute and the opposite the next – he's crazy.
8.2 Here are some laws of nature. Join the beginnings and the ends:
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Beginnings |
Ends |
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After you have bought something, If anything can go wrong, If there are two good TV shows, If you explain so clearly that nobody can misunderstand, If you throw something away, No matter how much you do, The one who snores The other queue |
it will. somebody will. they will both be on at the same time will always move faster. will fall asleep first. you will find it somewhere else cheaper. you'll need it the next day. you'll never do enough. |
9. Revision
9.1 Write the sentences, choosing one of the modals:
1. We are leaving tonight, so you (should/must) buy a ticket for the flight.
2. (May/Might) I come in?
3. David (can/could) cook well when he wants to.
4. 'Do you think it (can/might) rain?' – 'Yes, possibly. We don't want to get wet so I think we (should/must) take our raincoats.'
5. Jenny tried to carry him but she (can't/couldn't).
6. We (can/might) visit my cousin in Australia next year but we don't know yet.
7. In many countries, you (should/must) wear a seat belt in the car - it's the law.
8. (Can/May) you hold this for me, please?
9. I know – they enjoy their work but they (shouldn't/mustn't) work at the weekends. It's not good for them. I think they (should/must) spend time at home with their families.
10. The letter (can/may) arrive tomorrow.
9.2 Complete the sentences with can, could, may, might, should or must in the positive or negative form:
1. Richard's only three but he _________ swim very well.
2. You've had that headache for two days. I think you _________ go to the doctor.
3. I don't think we _________ go to the beach because it _________ rain this afternoon.
4. I lived in Germany as a child so I _________ speak German then but I _________ speak it now.
5. You _________ remember to take your passport tomorrow.
6. _________ you close the door, please?
7. We _________ move house next year but we're not sure yet.
8. Passengers _________ smoke when the plane is taking off.
9. I think you _________ play tennis with Sally – she _________ play really well.
10. 'Do you think I _________ learn some Portuguese before I go to Brazil?' – 'Yes, that would be a good idea.'
9.3 Identify the function of the modal verbs:
(im)possibility - offer - advice - necessity - giving/refusing permission - ability in the past -absence of necessity - obligation - request - polite request - (im)probability – prohibition
1. This must be Jack's house.
2. It can't be 7 o'clock already!
3. Shall I open the door for you?
4. You should buy a new car.
5. You can’t leave before 12 o’clock!
6. Could I ask you a question?
7. There might be some apple pie left.
8. We’ve got to run to catch the bus.
9. Can you pass me the salt, please?
10. I must go to the dentist’s.
11. You can leave your coat here.
12. You mustn’t tell anyone what happened.
13. He could play the piano when he was young.
14. She needn’t wait for us.
15. Neil may not remember my phone number.
9.4 Rewrite the sentences using the words given in bold type:
1. It isn't necessary to buy a ticket. – need – You don’t need to buy a ticket.
2. It's not possible for you to eat so much. – can’t
3. I advise him to be more careful. – should
4. Do you want me to open the window? – shall
5. I think that's John's car. – must
6. It's just possible she's still at work. – could
7. I don't think he is her brother. – can’t
8. Do you want me to help you with that? – would
9. He couldn't swim when he was five. – able
10. I don't think she is the woman who spoke to me. – can’t
9.5a) Complete the grammar box. Put the phrases a-d in the gaps 1-4:
a) This was necessary.
b) This wasn’t necessary.
c) This was possible.
d) This wasn’t possible.
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We use modal verbs to ask and talk about obligation and possibility in the past. We do not usually use must or mustn’t when we are talking about the past.
Could + infinitive You could leave school at sixteen. (1) ________________________________________ Couldn’t + infinitive She couldn’t leave me at home (2) ________________________________________ Had to + infinitive I had to go to the market with her. (3) ________________________________________ Didn’t have to + infinitive I didn’t have to go to the market. (4) ________________________________________
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9.5 b) Complete the text with had to, didn’t have to, could or couldn’t:
My twin brother and I are the oldest in a family of seven. When I was a teenager, I _______ look after my brothers and sisters until my parents came home from work. My brother was really lucky – because he was a boy, he _______ do anything. I _______ see my friends or go out because I _______ do my homework when my parents got home. I wanted to go to college, but I _______ get a place because I did badly in my exams. I got a job where I _______ work in the evenings, so I _______ go to evening school. For ten years I _______ work and study really hard, but finally I got the qualification that I wanted and became a teacher.
9.5 c) Think about when you were a child. Complete each sentence in three different ways:
I had to … I could …
I didn’t have to … I couldn’t …