• I think | this is a grow intendancy among the teenagers.

• I would agree with you | except for one thing

• I have an impression | that there are some people who will approve it differently

The point is that it not whether the speaker believes what he is speaking is true, but he writes to avoid the directness of the statement. He’s making it clear it clear he would like other speakers to react to this point. He makes it easy for other people to express different or even contrary opinions. This is a particularly important in the conversation between people who are anxious to hold a successful social interaction.

There’re occasions when a speaker wishes to mark a statement as an assumption which all members of the group will agree with. He’s expressing what he thinks to be a consensus of opinion.

• There’s no doubt | -er- that’s going to be a hard rode to tread.

• It undoubtedly | -er- presents –er- a huge problem.

• Obviously | -er- we should do our –er- utmost.

This sort of form generally marks the view that the speaker doesn’t require further discussion, sincere everyone is expected to agree. Much advertising is based on inserting into the minds of the public something that’s presented as common assumptions.

• And what will mother give her when she is under the weather?

• Obviously, she’ll give he “Coldrex Hotram”

I think, I guess, perhaps, obviously, clearly

I think it’s true to say that …

To say the basic fact …

There’s no getting away from the fact …

Foreign learners have difficulties in understanding conversational speech. We find repetition of affirmatives or negatives – at the beginning, and fillers and markers which act like social … By the end of the utterance the speaker has usually worked out what he’s going to say and the message is coherent. This is the part of the message that the student should concentrate on this part.

Rhythm

1. Rhythm as a linguistic notion. The concept of rhythm

2. Sentence stress

3. Rhythm as an effective means of speech expressiveness

beat

peak

monotonous

notional words

form words

flow of speech

to perceive

enclitics

proclitics

recurrence

Every language has its own characteristic of rhythm. Rhythm is said to be one of the most difficult areas in learning a foreign language. It is based on the regular interchange of stressed/ unstressed syllables. The rhythmic beat in the English language is the stressed syllable. The more organized the speech the more rhythmical it will be. Thus, prose read aloud by a fluent reader has a much more obvious rhythm than conversational speech (full of poses, false starts).

It’s fair to say, if a fluent speaker speaks for a long time and the beat … boredom very rapidly sets in. And the speech sounds monotonous. If the speaker attempts to speak for some time without establishing rhythm with jerky stops/ starts, uneven pauses, the listeners will find it difficult to figure out what it is that he’s saying.

The rhythmical beat provides a necessary structure for the utterance.

The linguists divide languages into two groups:

1. Syllable-timed

2. Stress-timed

The stressed syllables of the rhythmical units form picks of prominence. They tend to be pronounced at regular intervals. The regularity is provided by the strong beat.