Comprehension check

1. Choose the right variant for the multiple-choice statements.

1. Genetic material may be transferred between bacteria by …

1. Transformation b. transduction

c. none of the above d. all of the above.

2. Inside the prokaryotic cell wall is a plasma membrane, which in some bacteria coils and loops, creating a unique structure known as the … which may be important in cell division.

1. Aster b. centromere

c. centriole d. mesosome

5. ribosome.

3. The only organelles consistently found in prokaryotes are … .

1. Ribosomes b. autosomes

c. nuclei d. chloroplasts

e. coenocytes.

4. Many prokaryotes are capable of producing a dormant stage, known as a(n) … , that contains stored food and is highly resistant to desiccation as well as to hot and cold temperatures.

1. Seed b. Cyst

c. pollen granule d. spore

e. egg.

2. Questions to think about.

1. Give several examples of Monera, and describe the characteristics that all Monera share.

2. What role do bacteria play in most ecosystems?

3. What is the defifference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic DNA?

4. Describe different modes of bacterial reproduction.

5. What is a spore? How does it function?

3. Think of 5-7 statements that would contradict the contents of the text.

LANGUAGE FOCUS

1. Find the synonyms to the following words in the text:

to take place to attach decay to get often

help to develop in a bun to join

separately at times inner outer.

2. Memorize the following antonyms:

frequently – infrequently favourable - unfavourable

properly – improperly active – inactive

internal – external inner – outer.

3. Form the derivatives of the words given in the table (where possible):

Noun	Verb	Adjective
trail
	to decompose
decay
versatility
		respiratory
	to occur
contraction
reproduction
conjugation
		variable
evolution
	to transmit
desiccation

3. Define the following terms:

monera	prokaryote	conjugation	decomposer	enzyme
transformation	cyanobacteria	eukaryote	transduction	spore
critical to life	dormant stage	mutation	a protein bridge

3. Match the first half of a sentence in column A with the appropriate second half in column B:

A	B
1. Geochemical recycling of the earth’s nitrogen, carbon, and sulfur	a) occur as single-celled organisms.
2. Most monerans	b) would not decay properly.
3. Many bacteria can secrete polysaccharides	c) by feeding an organic material formed by other organisms.
4. Without decomposers dead organisms	d) would not occur without bacteria.
5. Prokaryotic DNA differs from eukaryotic DNA in	e) that allow them to stick to things.
6. Heterotrophic bacteria procure their food	f) that it is associated with different proteins.

3. Put the parts of the sentences in the right order:

1. Exist, on, could, bacteria, earth, not, life, without.

2. 30, minutes, in, every, double, can, under, conditions, a, optimal, bacteria, population, or, size, 20.

3. Ways, bacteria, some, have, that, cells, from, eukaryotes, differ, in.

4. Division, most, cells, reproduce, bacterial, by, simple, the, cell.

5. A, many, are, of, also, capable, producing, stage, prokaryotes, dormant.

6. Years, of, be, may, able, spores, to, thousands, for, live, bacterial.