9. Выберите форму причастия и переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. The government considered new project (regulated, regulating, regulate) social relations.

2. (Following, followed, follow) the customary law of agrarian and hunter-gatherer communities, the new type of law, (amended, amend, amending) and (wrote, writing, written) down, came into being.

3. State structure (imposed, imposing, impose) by former colonial empires to African and Asian countries was very much alike to European states.

4. (Written, writing, unwritten) law is a part of customary legal system.

10. Выразите согласие/несогласие со следующими утверждениями, используя ту или иную формулу речевого общения.

- I really think that..

- I’m sure that ..

- In my opinion….

- I disagree that…

- I consider it to be absolutely wrong…

- I can prove that it is …

- It can’t be true/false because…

1. Most countries of the world have customary law system.

2. Sometimes customary law is called in another way.

3. It is easy to codify because customary law has single history of development.

4. Customary law first appeared in the countries of Africa and Asia.

5. Customary law is based upon previous decisions of courts.

6. It regulates social relations in a number of African and Asian countries.

7. Customary law is the most punitive among other systems of law.

8. Customary law became a part of modern national legislation in post-colonial period

LANGUAGE IN USE

Having + V 3f

Переводятся на русский язык деепричастиями прошедшего времени, отвечающими на вопрос «что сделав?».

Example: Henry II, having established the king's court and designated that laws were "common" to the entire England…- король Генри II, установив королевские суды и объявив, что они становятся “общими”…

11. Переведите на английский язык словосочетания.

завоевав многие страны, навязав свою правовую систему завоеванным странам, испытывая влияние библии.

12. Замените русские слова в скобках правильными формами причастий.

1. (Просмотрев) the newspapers, he was ready for the talk about current events in the world.

2. He has presented an interesting report (изучив) a great amount of articles on the subject.

3. (Сделав) all possible they couldn’t save him.

4. He left the hall (закончив) his report.

5. They insisted on investigating the case (узнав) about the new facts.

UNIT 4. LEGAL SYSTEMS OF THE WORLD: MIXED AND OTHER SYSTEMS

TEXT 6

1. Бегло прочитайте текст и определите в каком абзаце

а) рассказывается о влиянии старого права Нидерландов на правовые системы других стран;

б) даются особенности правовых систем стран Северной Европы;

в) дается пример страны, успешно совместившей в своей правовой системе признаки романо-германский системы права с общим правом.

Mixed' systems

1. In the first group are countries with a 'mixed' system influenced by both civil and common law. The older uncodified civil law of Holland is the basis of the Roman-Dutch law of South Africa, Zambia, Namibia, Lesotho, Swaziland, Botswana and, on the other side of the ocean, Sri Lanka; it is marked by a rich juristic literature stemming from Hugo Grotius (de Groot) in the 17th century. But their long contacts with Britain mean that their public law and systems of court procedure owe much to the common law.

2. Scotland, Louisiana, Mauritius and Quebec are examples of a private law based on older civil and customary rules (uncodified in Scotland) struggling to endure in a common-law environment. Israel has a system all its own, where the older Ottoman and British mandate layers are now overridden by a modern system. It has no single constitutional document, but much of the modern law combines the broad legislative simplicity of the great codes of civil law with the careful transparency of the common-law judgment.

3. The Nordic Europe legal systems of Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden do not fit neatly into the civil-law pattern. Their original Germanic public and private law was collected in legislative form long before the rationalizing fashion of the French model: in Denmark (1683), Norway (1683), and Sweden-Finland (1734). Marked by relatively small populations with a high standard of living, economic efficiency and the ideals of the modern welfare state, they have adopted much uniform legislation especially in the fields of commerce and family law.