7) Закончите это письмо, выбирая подходящие слова для каждого пропуска (из слов в колонке):

Dear Mr. .... , Having recently … to Tokyo, I take this first ... to thank you for the … you ... to Mr. Brown and me when we were ... to … your ... institution. I … our meeting and discussion to be … and interesting, certainly ... us to achieve the … of our trip. I very much … your … suggestion on our providing additional services. As I explained during our meeting, we shall … this suggestion … . At the same time, we … ask you to ... our ... proposal that you open a U.S. Dollar account with our bank. I have heard that 'Mr. Smith, your Deputy Chainnan, will be ... Japan this autumn. I ... to ... him again, and want to discuss the subjects of interest. In ... ... personal regards, I look forward to ... of expanding business activities we are .... to enjoy with your bank. Please ... on my best ... to Mr. Collins, your Deputy General Manager. Yours faithfully, ****

to call on to assist fruitful opportunity to extend fine to be honoured hospitality objective to find to return sincere kind appreciate respectfully keep in mind to consider to look forward to visit mutual to see esteemed kindest way to be privileged to offer wish to pass

PART 4. MODERN LEGAL SYSTEMS

UNIT 1. NATIONAL LEGAL SYSTEMS

1. Ответьте на вопросы.

1. What does “the legal system” mean?

2. What legal systems can you name?

3. What legal system does Russia belong to?

4. What systems are there in the UK and the USA?

2. Прочитайте возможные определения существительного «system», и выберите то, которое соответствует описанию понятия «правовая система».

a. System is a group of parts, facts, ideas, etc, that together form a whole.

b. System is a number of things arranged to work well together.

c. System is a number of things dependent on each other and working as the unique complex.

TEXT 1

3. Бегло прочитайте текст 1 и определите, в каком абзаце

а) рассказывается о том, как классифицировались правовые системы в прошлом;

б) дается понятие «правовой семьи»;

в) дается перечень признаков, характеризующих правовую систему;

г) дается представление о международном праве.

LEGAL SYSTEMS OF THE WORLD

1. What is system of law? According to Russian scientists it is the internal structure of law defined by social relations. It is expressed by unity and coordination of all acting legal norms and their implementation in branches and institutions of law.

The characteristics of legal system are:

• reflection of the existing system of social relations;

• unity and consistency of all norms of law;

• dividing into relatively independent parts – branches, sub branches and institutions of law;

• close connections between different elements of law system;

• stability and dynamism.

2. When rules and laws become systematized inside one country they make national legal systems and these systems can be classified into families according to their main features.

There are about 200 hundred legal systems in the world. Throughout the history of mankind there were various attempts to classify them. In the past, legal systems have often been grouped by geography, history, culture, race, language, religion, or official ideology. Nowadays, scientists define the following legal massifs:

• national legal systems;

• legal families;

• groups of legal families.

3. Although each modern system has its own individuality, it is possible to group many of them into legal “families”. The existing legal systems of nearly all countries are generally modeled upon elements of several main types:

• civil law (Roman-Germanic legal family), including French law, the Napoleonic Code, Roman law, Roman-Dutch law, and Spanish law;

• common law (Anglo-Saxon legal system), including United State law;

• Slavonic law, including Russian, Belarusian and Ukrainian law;

• religious law, including Islamic and Hindu law;

• customary law, including mostly African law systems

• mixed or pluralistic law.

4. Speaking about the additional type of legal system - international law, it can be referred as the law which governs the conduct of independent nations in their relationships. Its part, the law system of European Community, has become the first example of newly created supranational legal system.