- •Theory of phonetics. Contents
- •II. Branches of phonetics.
- •III. Connection of phonetics with other sciences.
- •Topics for discussions:
- •I. The vocal mechanism of producing oral speech.
- •II. Groups of organs.
- •III. Segmental and suprasegmental phonetics.
- •Topics for discussions:
- •I. Speech sounds: phones, phonemes allophones.
- •II. Functions of phonemes.
- •III. The place of allophones in the sound system.
- •Topics for discussions:
- •I. The English articulation basis.
- •II. Classifications of Consonants.
- •III. Modifications of consonants in connected speech.
- •Topics for discussions:
- •I. Articulation features of the English and Russian consonants. Plosive
- •Affricates
- •Sonorants
- •Constrictive
- •Constrictive sonorants
- •II. The quantitative and qualitative analysis of the English and Russian consonant systems.
- •Topics for discussion:
- •II. The qualitative analysis of the English and Russian vowel systems. Front monophthongs
- •Back monophthongs
- •Central monophthongs
- •Diphthongs with [I]-glide
- •Diphthongs with [V]-glide
- •Diphthongs with [q]-glide
- •III. Modifications of Vowels in Connected Speech.
- •Topics for discussion:
- •I. The study of syllabic structure of English and Russian words (theories).
- •II. Syllable division.
- •Topics for discussion:
- •I. Word stress.
- •II. Types of stress.
- •III. Functional aspect of word stress.
- •IV Shift of stress.
- •Topics for discussion.
- •III. Rhythm.
- •Topics for discussion.
Topics for discussions:
What kinds of sound does phonetics deal with? What do we understand by “speech sounds”?
Are the notions “a sound”, “a phoneme” and “an allophone” different ones? What functions does “a phoneme” fulfill?
What kinds of allophones do you know? Give your examples. What is alike about phones and allophones?
What kinds of mistakes occur if one mispronounces words?
Lecture IV. The System of English phonemes (consonants).
Key words:
1. retract [rI'trxkt]- отодвинуть назад 2. protrude [rq'trHd]-продвинуть вперед 3. palatalization ["pxlqlaI'zeISn] - пала- тализация 4. arching['RCIN]- в форме арки, дуги 5. labialization ["leIbIqlaI'zeISn] - лабиа- лизация 6. prominent['prPmInqnt]- выступаю- щий, выделяющийся 7. alveolar["xlvI'qVlq]- альвеолярный 8. edge[eG]- край 9. circumstances['sWkqmstqnsIz]- обстоятельства (сопутствующие) 10. tip of the tongue - кончик языка 11. Adam’s apple - зоб 12. obstruction [qb'strAkSn] - преграда 13. intermittent ["intq'mItnt] - прерывис- тый 14. hinder ['hIndq] - препятствовать 15. audible friction ['LdIbl 'frIkSn] – слышимое трение 16. indispensable ["IndIs'pensqbl] – необходимый, обязательный 17. bilabial [baI'leIbIql] – губно-губной 18. backlingual (=velar) ['bxk'lINgwql]– заднеязычный 19. labio-dental ['leIbIqV'dentql]–губно- зубной 20. pharyngeal [fx'rINgIql] – фарингаль- ный 21. mediolingual (=palatal) ['mJdIqV 'liNgwql] - среднеязычный 22. forelingual ['fLlINgwql] - переднее- язычный 23. apical-alveolar ['xpIkl"xlvI'qVlq] – апикально-альвеолярный (кончик языка на альвеолах) 24. cacuminal(=post alveolar) [kx'kjHmInl] – какуминальный (кон-чик языка загнут за альвеолы) |
25. palatal-alveolar ['pxlqtl "xlvI'qVlq] – палатально-альвеолярный (язык нахо-дится на мягком небе и альвеолах) 26. apical-interdental['xpIkl "Intq'dentl]– апикально-интердентальный (кончик языка расположен в позиции между зубами) 27. occlusive [q'klHsv]- смычный 28. constrictive[qn'strIktIv]- щелевой 29. affricates ['xfrIkqt]– аффриката 30.plosive ['plqVsIv]- взрывной 31. sonorants[sq'nPrqnt]– звонкий (непарный) согласный 32. fricatives['frIkqtIv]– фрикативный 33. nasal['neIzl]- носовой 34. median['mJdIqn]- срединный 35. lateral['lxtrql]- латеральный 36. predictable [prI'dIktqbl] – предска- зуемый 37. modification ["mPdIfI'keISn] – моди- фикация, видоизменение 38. intercourse ['IntqkLs] – взаимодействие 39. assimilation [q"sImI'leISn] - ассими- ляция, уподобление 40. accommodation [q"kPmq'deISn] – ак- комодация, приспособление 41. reduction [rI'dAkSn] - сокращение 42. elision[I'lIZn]– элизия (исчезнове- ние) 43. deletion[dI'lJSn]– стирание, вычер- кивание 44. release[rI'lJs] - выпускать 45. lenis['lJnIs]- слабый 46. fortis['fLtIs]- сильный 47. nasalization["nxzqlaI'zeISn]- наза- лизация 48. insertion[In'sWSn]– вставление, включение |
I. The English articulation basis.
II. Classifications of consonants.
III. Modifications of consonants in connected speech.