- •Theory of phonetics. Contents
- •II. Branches of phonetics.
- •III. Connection of phonetics with other sciences.
- •Topics for discussions:
- •I. The vocal mechanism of producing oral speech.
- •II. Groups of organs.
- •III. Segmental and suprasegmental phonetics.
- •Topics for discussions:
- •I. Speech sounds: phones, phonemes allophones.
- •II. Functions of phonemes.
- •III. The place of allophones in the sound system.
- •Topics for discussions:
- •I. The English articulation basis.
- •II. Classifications of Consonants.
- •III. Modifications of consonants in connected speech.
- •Topics for discussions:
- •I. Articulation features of the English and Russian consonants. Plosive
- •Affricates
- •Sonorants
- •Constrictive
- •Constrictive sonorants
- •II. The quantitative and qualitative analysis of the English and Russian consonant systems.
- •Topics for discussion:
- •II. The qualitative analysis of the English and Russian vowel systems. Front monophthongs
- •Back monophthongs
- •Central monophthongs
- •Diphthongs with [I]-glide
- •Diphthongs with [V]-glide
- •Diphthongs with [q]-glide
- •III. Modifications of Vowels in Connected Speech.
- •Topics for discussion:
- •I. The study of syllabic structure of English and Russian words (theories).
- •II. Syllable division.
- •Topics for discussion:
- •I. Word stress.
- •II. Types of stress.
- •III. Functional aspect of word stress.
- •IV Shift of stress.
- •Topics for discussion.
- •III. Rhythm.
- •Topics for discussion.
Topics for discussion:
What are the integral characteristics of vowels?
What is the quality of a vowel determined and modified by? What can the particular quality of a vowel depend on?
What criteria are conceived to be of great importance in classificatory description?
Which groups are English vowels subdivided into when the change in the tongue position is fairly weak? Name 20 vocalic phonemes which are made of vowels and vowel glides. Do you know any other long phonemes with different glides?
Are there any diphthongs or diphthongoids in Russian? How do we call them?
How many classes of English vowels do Soviet phoneticians distinguish
according to the horizontal movement of the tongue? What are they?
What role do lips play in the production of a sound? When are vowels checked? What are long / short vowels?
What does the duration of a vowel depend on? What is it modified by? What vowel oppositions exist? What does D. Jones call chronemes?
Is tenseness a vowel characteristic? What features are considered to be indispensable constituents of vowel quality?
Are there any alternations of vowels in stressed and unstressed syllables between the derivatives or different grammatical forms of the same word in English and Russian?
What are quantitative and qualitative modifications of vowels caused by? What is reduction (as well as assimilation and accommodation) connected with?
Lecture VII. Syllabiс system.
Key words:
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1. continuum[kqn'tInjuqm] –поток, продолжение; 2. magnitude['mxgnItjHd] – величина, размер, важность; 3. to declaim (recite) [dI'kleIm] / [rI'saIt] - скандировать; 4. perceptibility [pq"sqptq'bIlqtI] – ощу- тимость, воспринимаемость; 5. applicable[q'plIkqbl] – применимый, пригодный; 6. adjacent[q'GeIsqnt] – смежные, находящиеся рядом; 7. assumption[q'sAmpSn] – предположе- ние; 8. expiration["ekspq'reISn] – выдыха- ние; 9. to coincide ["kqVIn'saId] – совпадать; 10. consequently['kPnsIkwqntlI] – сле- довательно, в результате; |
11. validity[vq'lIdqtI] – действитель- ность, законность; 12. merge[mWG] – сливаться, слияться; 13. marginal['mRGInl] – предельный, находящийся на краю чего-либо; 14. parameter [pq'rxmItq] – параметр; 15. explosion [Ik'splqVZn] – взрыв (зд. открытие); 16. implosion [Im' plqVZn] – зд. закры- тие 17. permissible[pq'mIsqbl] – допусти- мый, позволительный; 18. constitutive[kqn'stItjutIv] – состав- ной, образующий; 19. correlate['kPrqleIt] – коррелят, со- относительное понятие; 20. conceive[kqn'sJv] – почувствовать, понять, постичь. |
I.The study of syllabic structure of English and Russian words (theories).
II. Syllable division.