5 Choose the correct answer

1. The university of Michigan is one of the best universities in the United States and it ..... in Ann Arbor.

located

location

is located

2. Detroit ..... Motown in the past.

was called

is called

called

3. I don't think we must ..... everything tomorrow.

finish

have finished

be finished

4. The bridge ..... by tomorrow morning.

will have been reconstructed

is being reconstructed

will be reconstructed

5. Robert Burns ..... a lot of wonderful poems.

wrote

has written

was written

6. They ..... this clock now.

repair

are repairing

are being repaired

7. America's first college, Harvard, ..... in Massachusetts in 1636.

is being founded

had been founded

was founded

8. It's a big company. It ..... two hundred people.

is employed

employs

employing

9. Hundreds of people ..... by the new factory this year.

are employed

were employed

have been employed

10. The room ..... later.

will clean

will be cleaned

has been cleaned

11. People ..... this road very often.

aren't used

don't use

haven't used

12. Tom ..... his key.

has lost

has been lost

was lost

13. Weekends ..... outdoors by most English people.

spend

are spended

are spent

14. Detroit ..... as the first capital city of Michigan, but now Lansing is the capital city of Michigan.

chosen

was chosen

have been chosen

15. This house ..... in 1930.

built

was built

has built

Согласование времен sequence of tenses

Если сказуемое главного предложения выражено глаголом в одном из настоящих времен, то сказуемое придаточного предложения может быть выражено глаголом в любом времени, которое требуется по смыслу.

He says (that)

he works hard. he's working hard, he worked hard. he will work hard и т.д.

Если сказуемое главного предложения выражено глаголом в одном из прошедших времен, то глагол придаточного предложения должен быть употреблен также в одном из прошедших времен. При этом соблюдаются три правила:

1. Если действие, выраженное глаголом-сказуемым придаточного предложения, одновременно действию главного предложения, в придаточном предложении может быть употреблено The Past Indefinite (Simple) или The Past Continuous (Progressive) Tense:

Магу said she was planning to take a trip. — Мэри сказала, что планирует совершить путешествие.

Jim felt he was sleepy. — Джим чувствовал, что засыпает.

Несмотря на то, что глаголы в английском придаточном предложении стоят в прошедшем времени, они переводятся на русский язык глаголами в настоящем времени, т.к. в русском языке при одновременности действий в главном и придаточном предложениях глагол в придаточном предложении употребляется в настоящем времени:

Sally said she didn't like chocolate. — Сэлли сказала, что не любит шоколад.

2. Если действие, выраженное глаголом-сказуемым придаточного предложения, предшествует действию главного предложения, то глагол придаточного предложенияупотребляется в форме Past Perfect или Past Perfect Continuous:

Не thought he had seen her somewhere. — Он думал, что уже где-то ее видел.

The manager knew I'd been working for the same company for 12 years. — Управляющий знал, что я работал на эту самую компанию уже 12 лет.

3. Если действие, выраженное глаголом-сказуемым придаточного предложения, является будущим по отношению к действию главного предложения, то глагол в придаточном предложении употребляется в форме Future in the Past:

Не thought he would come to the meeting. — Он думал, что придет на собрание.

I supposed I should visit my aunt and uncle. — Я предполагал,что я навещу своих тетю и дядю.

Прямая речь	Косвенная речь
Dave said, ‘Dan, I want to talk to you.’ - Дейв сказал: «Дэн, я хочу поговорить с тобой».	Dave told Dan that he wanted to talk to him. - Дейв сказал Дэну, что он хочет поговорить с ним.
Cora whispered, ‘They are looking at you.’ - Кора прошептала: «Они смотрят на тебя».	Cora whispered that they were looking at him. - Кора прошептала, что они смотрят на него.
She said, ‘I have been working at this plant for 20 years.’ - Она сказала: «Я работаю на этом заводе 20 лет».	She said (that) she had been working at this plant for 20 years. - Она сказала, что работает на этом заводе 20 лет.
A stranger said, ‘I shall make a note of it’. - Незнакомец сказал: «Я запишу это».	A stranger said (that) he would make a note of it. -Незнакомец сказал, что запишет это.
He said, ‘She disappeared in a con-centration camp.’ - Он сказал: «Она исчезла в концентрационном лагере».	He said that she had disappeared in a concentration camp. - Он сказал, что она исчезла в концентрационном лагере.
Tom said, ‘He was given a new position.’ - Том сказал: «Ему дали новую должность».	Tom said that he had been given a new position. - Том сказал, что ему дали новую должность.

Правила Согласования времен не соблюдается, если в придаточном предложении сообщается общеизвестная истина

e.g. The child learned that the Earth goes round the Sun.

Reported Speech

При переводе предложений из прямой речи в косвенную речь выделяют следующие типы предложений

1.Повелительные предложения (просьбы, команды)

e.g. The teacher said, “ Play the piano”

The teacher told (asked) me to play the piano.

Kate said, “ Do not call me up after rehearsal”

Kate told ( asked ) not to call up her after rehearsal.

Повелительные предложения в косвенной речи вводятся инфинитивом ( в отрицательной форме с отрицанием not to). Глагол say заменяется глаголами tell, ask

Прямая речь	Косвенная речь
She said, ‘Open the window, please.’ - Она сказала: «Откройте, пожалуйста, окно».	She asked me to open the window. - Она попросила меня открыть окно.
She said, ‘Don’t open the window, please.’ - Она сказала: «Не открывайте, пожалуйста, окно».	She asked me not to open the window. - Она попросила меня не открыть окно.
He said, ‘Stop the car.’ - Он сказал: «Останови машину».	He told me to stop the car. - Он велел мне остановить машину.
He said, ‘Don’t bang the door.’ - Он сказал: «Не хлопай дверью».	He told me not to bang the door. - Он запретил мне хлопать дверью.
The commander said to the sentry, ‘Take the prisoner away’. - Командир сказал часовому: «Уведите пленного».	The commander ordered the sentry to take the prisoner away. - Командир приказал часовому увести пленного.

2. Повествовательные предложения.

При переводе предложений из прямой речи в косвенную речь действует Закон Согласования времен (слова автора стоят в прошедшем времени)

Правила согласования времен

Прямая речь	Косвенная речь
Present Indefinite	Past Indefinite
Present Continuous	Past Continuous
Present Perfect	Past Perfect
Past Indefinite	Past Perfect
Future Indefinite	Future Indefinite in the Past

To say to smb. --- to tell smb.

e. g. He said,” I take part in this concert”

He told (that) he took part in that concert.

Mary said to us, “ I bought ticket for the 6 o’ clock show” .

Mary told us (that) she had bought ticket for the 6 o’clock show.

The director said, “ We will rehearse next day.”

The director told (that) we would rehearse the following day.

Обстоятельства времени меняются следующим образом:

Прямая речь	Косвенная речь
now - теперь	then - тогда
today - сегодня	that day - в тот день
tomorrow - завтра	the next day - на следующий день
the day after tomorrow - послезавтра	in two days’ time - через два дня; two days later - два дня спустя
yesterday - вчера	the day before the previous day накануне
the day before yesterday - позавчера	two days before - за два дня до этого; two days earlier - двумя днями раньше
ago - тому назад	before - раньше
next year - в будущем году	the next year the following year в следующем году
here - здесь	there - там
this - этот	that - тот
these - эти	those - те

3.Вопросительные предложения.

Порядок слов в косвенном вопросе прямой ( подлежащее, сказуемое второстепенные члены предложения). Общий вопрос вводится союзами if, whether. Специальный вопрос --- вопросительными словами.

Прямая речь	Косвенная речь
He said ‘Have you read the morning papers?’ - Он сказал: «Вы читали утренние газеты?»	He asked me whether (if) I had read the morning papers. - Он спросил меня, читал ли я утренние газеты.
I asked, ‘Do you understand now?’ - Я спросил: «Теперь вы понимаете?»	I asked him if he understood now. - Я спросил, понимает ли он (это) теперь.

e.g. Mike asked Jane, “ Are you enjoying the film?”

Mike asked Jane if she was enjoying the film.

I asked Ann, “ Where have you seen this play?”

I asked Ann where she had seen that play.

вопрос	да	Нет
Do you speak English? - Вы говорите по-английски?	Yes, I do.	No, I don’t.
	I answered that I did. Я ответил, что говорю.	I answered that I didn’t. Я ответил, что не говорю.
Have you received a let-ter from home? - Вы по-лучили письмо из дома?	Yes, I have.	No, I haven’t.
	I answered that I had. Я ответил, что получил.	I answered that I hadn’t. Я ответил, что не получил.
Will he take part in the chess tournament? - Он будет принимать учас-тие в шахматном турнире?	Yes, he will.	No, he won’t.
	I answered that he would. - Я ответил, что (он) будет.	I answered that he wouldn’t. - Я ответил, что (он) не будет.

В официальной речи возможно употребление следующих косвенных кратких ответов:

Для утвердительного ответа	Для отрицательного ответа
He answered in the affirmative. Он ответил утвердительно.	He answered in the negative. Он ответил отрицательно.

Специальные вопросы вводятся в косвенной речи соответствующими вопросительными словами, используемыми в качестве соединительных слов. В косвенных вопросах этого типа также применяется прямой порядок слов:

Прямой вопрос	Косвенный вопрос
Michael said, ‘Why do they want to wear the uniform?’ - Майкл сказал: «Почему они хотят носить форму?»	Michael asked why they wanted to wear the uniform. - Майкл спросил, почему они хотят носить форму.
He asked, ‘When did you see him?’ - Он спросил: «Когда ты его видел?»	He asked when I had seen him. - Он спросил, когда я его видел.
He asked, ‘How will he find it out?’ - Он спросил: «Как он это узнает?»	He asked how he would find it out. - Он спросил, как он это узнает.
He asked me, ‘Who has come?’ - Он спросил меня: «Кто пришел?»	He asked me who had come. - Он спросил меня, кто пришел.

Задания.

1.Переведите следующие предложения из прямой речи в косвенную речь:

• John said, “ I never miss a new film.

• Ann said to her friend,” Learn the role, please!”

• The manager said,” The rehearsal has already started.”

• Ann asked Jane,” Will we buy a programme?”

• The artist asked me, “ Did you like my landscapes at this show?”

• Monica said, “ I prefer classical music.”

• I asked my sister, “ What’s on in the local cinema?”

• John asked,” Do not be late to the cocert”

• Mike asked Ann, “ What film will get the first prize?”

2.Переведите с русского на английский, обращая внимание на Закон согласования времен.

• Джон сказал, что хочет стать профессиональным музыкантом.

• Мне было интересно, согласится ли актриса сниматься в нашем фильме.

• Нам было интересно, что скажут критики об этом спектакле.

• Студенты сказали, что они хотят поставить пьесу Ибсена.

• На экзамене профессор спросил меня, читал ли я Джека Лондона в подлиннике.

3 Передайте следующие повествовательные предложения в косвенной речи.

1. Masha said: "I usually spend my holidays in the south." 2. She said: "I spent my holidays in the Crimea last year." 3. Boris said: "I go to the south every year." 4. He said: "I am going to a rest-home tomorrow." 5. Ann said to us: "They haven't yet come." 6. She said to us: "They arrived in St. Petersburg yesterday." 7. I said: "I was in London last year. My friends in London sometimes invite me to spend my holidays with them." 8. Nick said: "I have never been to London. I think I shall go there next year." 9. He said: "I shall not stay with my friends too long." 10. He said to me: "They are staying at the 'Europe' hotel. 11. He said: "They are leaving next Monday." 12. The clerk said to them: "You can leave the key with the maid upstairs."

4. Передайте следующие повествовательные предложения в косвенной речи,

1. Oleg said: "My room is on the second floor 2. He said: "I am sure she will ring me up when she is back in St. Petersburg." 3, Misha said: "I saw them at my parents' house last year." 4. He said: "I haven't seen my cousin today." 5. "1 don't go to this shop very often," she said. 6. Tom said: "I have already had breakfast, so I am not hun gry." 7. He said: "I have just received a letter from my uncle." 8. "I am going to the theatre tonight," he said to me. 9. Mike said: "I spoke to Mr. Brown this morning." 10. He said to her: "I shall do it [ today if I have time." 11. I said to them: "I can give you my uncle's address."

5. Передайте следующие повествовательные предложения в косвенной речи.

1. Не said to me: "I want to see you today." 2. She said: "I am free tonight". 3. Mother said to me: "I feel bad today." 4. The pupil said to the teacher: " I can do my homework after dinner." 5. The teacher said to Jack: "You work hard, I know. You are a good boy." 6. The teacher said to the pupils: "Next year we shall have six hours of English a week." 7. The old man said to the girl: "You can sing perfectly. I think you will be a fa­mous singer." 8. My sister said to me: "You look very well, much better than you looked yesterday. I think you have recovered after your illness." 9. My brother said to me: "I am going to become a doctor." 10. My uncle said to us: "I buy several newspapers every day." 11. "You are an excellent cook. Everything is so tasty," said my guest to me. 12. The student said: "I can't answer this ques tion. I don't understand it." 13. The mother said: "The children are in the nursery, doctor." 14. "I have no time for lunch today," said the boy to his mother. 15. "You speak English very well," said the woman to me.

6. Передайте следующие повествовательные предложения в косвенной речи.

1. I shall do it now if you like. 2. My brother was here today. 3. It's a pity you didn't come earlier. 4. There will be an interesting lecture at the school assembly-hall tomorrow. One- of our teachers will speak about Charles Dickens. 5. Last year I spent my summer vacation in the Caucasus. 6. I came to live in this town several years ago. 7. I have read all about it in today's newspaper. 8. They finished building this house only last week. 9. Five years ago there were no people living here at all. 10. I shall go skiing on Sunday if I have time. 11. It will be so pleasant when Tom comes home. 12.1 shall come as soon as I am ready. 13. You will know that I have gone to the concert if I am not at home by eight. 14.1 shall come to the Philharmonic with you if you get tickets. 15. I'll be reading you a story until it is time to go to bed.

1. Jerry said that by the end of the year he ..... in his new house for four years.

would have been living

would be living

would live

2. Mrs. Smith told me that it had not been raining when lightning ..... the tree in her garden.

had struck

struck

should be striking

3. The shop assistant showed me a book and said that the book ..... the museums of our town.

described

was describing

had described

4. The policeman warned us that ..... the street against the red light.

we mustn't cross

mustn't we cross

we don't have to cross

5. She asked me about my schedule for the next week and I answered that I ..... it yet.

hadn't known

didn't know

wouldn't know

6. George was worried if ..... enough time to finish his report for the conference.

would he have

he would have

will have

7. Could you ask Aleks how long ..... at the hotel "Grandston"?

would have been staying

he would be staying

would he be staying

8. In my interview I asked Celia Young why ..... another romantic novel.

she had written

had she written

she wrote

9. I wondered how many people ..... to the parents' meeting the day before.

would come

came

had come

10. The mother reminded me that I ..... to feed the dog and take him out for a walk.

shouldn't forget

don't have to forget

not to forget

11. Cindy was not sure if the delegation ..... or not, and she didn't know whom to ask about it.

arrived

was arriving

had arrived

12. Sheila said that she ..... the office earlier that day to get to the station in time.

had to leave

would have to leave

had had to leave

13. Mark told Nancy that he ..... his dog at last, and the worried expression began to disapper from his face.

had found

found

must find

14. Alice told me ..... that coat because it wasn't long enough.

bought

to buy

not to buy

15. Mary said she was worried that her son ..... very well that year.

isn't studying

wasn't studying

hadn't been studying