5 All Tenses. Choose the right answer.
1. Who ______ food in your family when your Mom is away?
cooks
is cooking
has been cooking
cooked
2. Where is John? – He_________ his car in the garage.
repairs
is repairing
has repaired
repaired
3. I love this film. I __________ it four or five times already.
see
have seen
saw
had seen
4. I think I _______ home tonight. I'm a little tired.
stay
am staying
will stay
will be staying
5. She_________ the living room when she heard a strange noise in the kitchen.
has cleaned
has been cleaning
cleaned
was cleaning
6. I envy you. At five tomorrow you _________ some tan on a nice beach in Greece.
will get
will be getting
will have gotten
will have been getting
7. You arrived two days ago. You are going to leave next Sunday. By the time you leave, you _______nine days here.
spend
have spent
will spend
will have spent
8. Where is he? I ________ for him since three o'clock!
am waiting
have been waiting
was waiting
had been waiting
9. I went to Belgium last month. I _________ there before. It's a beautiful country.
have never been
had never been
never was
never been
10. He said that his mother would be very upset when she _______ that he had lost his job.
learns
learned
had learned
would learn
The future in the past tenses (Будущие времена в прошедшем)
В каждой из описанных выше групп времен будущее время может переводиться в план прошлого.
Так, в целях соблюдения правила согласования времен в косвенной речи вместо Future Indefinite ставится Future-in-the-Past Indefinite:
Cпряжениe Future Indefinite in the Past
|
число |
лицо |
утвердительная форма |
вопросительная форма |
отрицательная форма |
|
един. |
1 |
I should (I’d) ask |
Should I ask? |
I should not (shouldn’t) ask |
|
2 |
You would (you’d) ask |
Would you ask? |
You would not (wouldn’t) ask | |
|
3 |
He She would (‘d) It ask |
he Would she ask? it |
He would not She (wouldn’t) It ask | |
|
множ. |
1 |
We should (We’d) ask |
Should we ask? |
We should not (shouldn’t) ask |
|
2 |
You would (you’d) ask |
Would you ask? |
You would not (wouldn’t) ask | |
|
3 |
They would (they’d) ask |
Would they ask? |
They would not (wouldn’t) ask |
Не said he would come to London in March. — Он сказал, что приедет в Лондон в марте.
The Future Continuous Tense преобразуется в the Future in the Past Continuous Tense:
He said he would be reading at that time. — Он сказал, что в это время будет читать.
The Future Perfect Tense изменяется и приобретает форму the Future in the Past Perfect Tense:
He said he would have finished the report by 7 o'clock. — Он сказал, что закончит доклад к 7 часам.
The Future in the Past Perfect Continuous Tense употребляется вместо The Future Perfect Continuous Tense:
He said that by next April we should have been living in the town for 5 years. — Он сказал, что к апрелю следующего года мы будем жить в городе уже 5 лет.
Формообразование в данной группе времен связано с изменением вспомогательных глаголов shall/will на формы прошедшего времени should/would.
THE PASSIVE VOICE (Страдательный залог)
The Passive Voice показывает, что лицо или предмет, обозначенные подлежащим, являются объектами действия, выраженного сказуемым:
She was woken from her sleep by his singing. — Она была разбужена пением.
Образование
The Passive Voice образуется при помощи вспомогательного глагола to be в соответствующем времени, лице и числе и причастия прошедшего времени смыслового глагола Participle II:
|
The Passive Voice |
|
to be + Participle II |
Таблица форм глагола to give в страдательном залоге
|
Passive Voice |
Present |
Past |
Future |
|
Indefinite |
am/are/is given |
was/were given |
shall/will be given |
|
Continuous |
am/are/is being given |
was/were being given |
— |
|
Perfect |
has/have been given |
Had been given |
shall/will have been given |
|
Perfect Continuous |
|
|
— |
Пассивный залог показывает, что подлежащее не выполняет действие, а подвергается действию другого лица или предмета. Если указано, кем произведено действие, то употребляется предлог by:
e. g. The new play was staged by R. Simonov.
В Passive Voice употребляются глаголы, имеющие предложные дополнения такие как:
hear of – слышать о
laugh at – смеяться над
look after – присматривать за (кем-либо)
look at – смотреть на
rely on – полагаться на
send for – посылать за
speak of (about) – говорить о
pay attention to – обращать внимание на
take care of – заботиться о
The book is much spoken about. Об этой книге много говорят.
He can't be relied on. На него нельзя положиться.
В русском переводе не все глаголы сохраняют предлог:
to listen to – слушать что-либо, кого-либо
to look for – искать что-либо
to provide for – обеспечить кого-либо, чем-либо
to explain to – объяснять кому-либо
He was listened to with great attention. Его слушали с большим вниманием.
The new performance was much talked about.
( Об этом спектакле много говорили).
Задания