книга ТЕПЛИЦЫ (3)

ɬɟɩɥɨɢɡɨɥɹɬɨɪɨɦ ɋɨɬɨɜɵɣ ɩɨɥɢɤɚɪɛɨɧɚɬ ɢɡɝɨɬɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɦɢ ɫɟɪɬɢɮɢɤɚɬɚɦɢ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ,62ɢ ISO 1400. Ɉɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɨɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɢɤɚɪɛɨɧɚɬɚ

xɉɪɨɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɉɨɥɢɤɚɪɛɨɧɚɬɧɵɟ ɩɚɧɟɥɢ ɜ ɞɜɟɫɬɢ ɪɚɡ ɩɪɨɱɧɟɟ ɫɬɟɤɥɚ ɢ ɜ ɜɨɫɟɦɶ ɪɚɡ ɩɪɨɱɧɟɟ ɚɤɪɢɥɨɜɵɯ ɩɚɧɟɥɟɣ

xɅɟɝɤɨɫɬɶ. ɋɨɬɨɜɵɟɩɚɧɟɥɢ POLYGAL ɜɟɫɹɬ ɜ ɲɟɫɬɶ ɪɚɡ ɦɟɧɶɲɟ ɱɟɦ ɫɬɟɤɥɨ ɢ ɜ ɬɪɢ ɪɚɡɚ ɦɟɧɶɲɟ ɱɟɦ ɚɤɪɢɥ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɨɣ ɬɨɥɳɢɧɵ

xɈɝɧɟɫɬɨɣɤɨɫɬɶ ɋɜɨɣɫɬɜɨɦ ɫɨɬɨɜɵɯ ɩɚɧɟɥɟɣ POLYGAL ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɢɯ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɤ ɡɚɦɟɞɥɟɧɧɨɦɭ ɜɨɡɝɨɪɚɧɢɸ ɢ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟɷɦɢɫɫɢɢɹɞɨɜɢɬɵɯɝɚɡɨɜ ȼɨɫɩɥɚɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɷɬɢɯ ɥɢɫɬɨɜ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɧɢɠɟ ɱɟɦ ɥɢɫɬɨɜ ɢɡ ɫɬɟɤɥɨɜɨɥɨɤɧɚ ɢɥɢ ɚɤɪɢɥɚ

xɏɨɪɨɲɚɹ ɬɟɩɥɨɢɡɨɥɹɰɢɹ ɋɨɬɨɜɵɣ ɩɨɥɢɤɚɪɛɨɧɚɬ ɩɨ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸ ɫ ɨɛɵɱɧɵɦ ɨɞɧɨɫɥɨɣɧɵɦ ɫɬɟɤɥɨɦ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɬ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɰɟɧɬɨɜ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɢɬɶ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɵ ɧɚ ɨɛɨɝɪɟɜ ɢ ɨɯɥɚɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ

xȼɵɫɨɤɚɹɫɜɟɬɨɩɪɨɧɢɰɚɟɦɨɫɬɶ ɋɨɬɨɜɵɣ ɩɨɥɢɤɚɪɛɨɧɚɬ ɢɞɟɚɥɶɧɨ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɢɬ ɞɥɹ ɫɥɭɱɚɟɜ ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɫɜɟɬɨɩɪɨɧɢɰɚɟɦɨɫɬɶ

xɍɞɨɛɫɬɜɨ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɉɚɧɟɥɢ ɩɪɢɫɩɨɫɨɛɥɟɧɵ ɞɥɹ ɥɟɝɤɨɣ ɢ ɭɞɨɛɧɨɣ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɨɛɵɱɧɵɯ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɩɢɥɵ ɞɪɟɥɢ ɢ ɨɬɜɟɪɬɤɢ

xȽɢɛɤɨɫɬɶ Ⱦɥɹ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɵɩɭɤɥɨɝɨ ɫɜɨɞɚ ɩɚɧɟɥɢ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫ ɥɟɝɤɨɫɬɶɸ ɫɨɝɧɭɬɶ ɛɟɡ ɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ

xȾɨɥɝɨɜɟɱɧɨɫɬɶ Ƚɚɪɚɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ ɫɪɨɤ ɫɥɭɠɛɵ ɥɟɬ

ɉɨɥɢɤɚɪɛɨɧɚɬɧɵɟ ɫɨɬɨɜɵɟ ɩɚɧɟɥɢ POLYGAL ɜɵɩɭɫɤɚɸɬɫɹ ɬɨɥɳɢɧɨɣ ɨɬ ɦɦ ɞɨ ɦɦ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɚɹ ɞɥɢɧɚ ɩɥɢɬɵ ɦɦ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɵɣ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ ɨɬ - ɋ ɞɨ ɋ

ϰϲ

Ⱥɪɨɱɧɵɣ ɤɚɪɤɚɫ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɥɢɤɚɪɛɨɧɚɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɟɤɪɵɬɢɹ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɣ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɢ.

3.2. ɗɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɛɚɥɚɧɫ ɬɟɩɥɢɰ

ȼɫɟ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɵɟ ɬɢɩɵ ɬɟɩɥɢɰ ɫɨɡɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɭ ɡɚɳɢɬɢɬɶ ɩɪɨɡɪɚɱɧɵɦ ɩɨɤɪɵɬɢɟɦ ɭɱɚɫɬɨɤ ɩɨɫɚɞɨɱɧɨɣ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɢ ɱɬɨɛɵ ɜɨ- ɩɟɪɜɵɯ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɢɬɶ ɬɟɩɥɨ ɜɧɭɬɪɢ ɬɟɩɥɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɜɨ-ɜɬɨɪɵɯ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɬɶ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɧɚ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɥɧɟɱɧɵɯ ɥɭɱɟɣ

Ʉ ɫɨɠɚɥɟɧɢɸ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɢɬɶɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨ ɷɬɢ ɞɜɟ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɜ ɩɨɥɧɨɣ ɦɟɪɟ ɧɟ ɭɞɚɟɬɫɹ

ɇɚɱɧɟɦ ɫ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɚ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɬɟɩɥɚ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɝɨ ɞɥɹ ɪɨɫɬɚ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ Ɍɟɩɥɨ ɱɚɫɬɢɱɧɨ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ ɫ ɫɨɥɧɟɱɧɵɦɢ ɥɭɱɚɦɢ ɩɪɨɯɨɞɹɳɢɦɢ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɩɪɨɡɪɚɱɧɨɟ ɩɟɪɟɤɪɵɬɢɟ ɢ ɩɨɩɚɞɚɹ ɧɚ ɝɪɭɧɬ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɬɟɩɥɨ ɇɨ ɷɬɨ ɦɚɥɚɹ ɞɨɥɹ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɣ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɨɣ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ ɩɪɢɬɨɤ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɢɦɟɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦ ɜ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ ɫɨɥɧɟɱɧɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɜɟɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɞɧɹ ɱɬɨ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɨ ɞɥɹ ɬɟɩɥɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɚ ɝɨɞɚ ɧɨ ɫɨɤɪɚɳɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɡɢɦɧɢɣ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ ɬɨɝɞɚ ɤɨɝɞɚ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɦɨɣ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɜɚɠɧɟɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ

ϰϴ

Ȼɨɥɟɟ ɬɨɝɨ ɜɥɟɬɧɢɣ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɬɟɩɥɢɰɚ ɡɚɱɚɫɬɭɸɦɨɠɟɬɩɟɪɟɝɪɟɜɚɬɶɫɹɨɬ ɫɨɥɧɟɱɧɨɝɨ ɬɟɩɥɚ ɞɥɹ ɱɟɝɨ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɸɬ ɡɚɳɢɬɭ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɠɚɥɸɡɢ ɢ ɜɟɧɬɢɥɹɰɢɸ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɨɬɤɪɵɜɚɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɮɪɚɦɭɝɢ ɜ ɩɨɤɪɵɬɢɢ

ɉɚɫɫɢɜɧɵɟ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ

ȼ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚɯ ɱɚɫɬɨ ɭɩɨɦɢɧɚɟɬɫɹ ɬɟɪɦɢɧ ©Ƚɟɥɢɨɬɟɩɥɢɰɚª ©Ɍɟɩɥɢɰɚ ɧɚ ɫɨɥɧɟɱɧɨɣ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢª Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɷɬɨɬ ɬɟɪɦɢɧ ɧɟ ɬɨɱɧɵɣ Ⱦɟɥɨ ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɬɨ ɫɚɦɚɹ ɨɛɵɱɧɚɹ ɬɟɩɥɢɰɚ ɫ ɩɥɟɧɨɱɧɵɦ ɢɥɢ ɫɬɟɤɥɹɧɧɵɦ ɩɨɤɪɵɬɢɟɦ ɧɨ ɛɟɡ ɨɛɨɝɪɟɜɚ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɟɬ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɧɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɫɨɥɧɟɱɧɨɣ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ ɬ ɟ ɬɟɩɥɢɰɚ ɢɡɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɝɟɥɢɨɬɟɩɥɢɰɟɣ Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɬɚɤɨɣ ɬɟɩɥɢɰɵ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɵɫɭɬɨɱɧɵɦɢɤɨɥɟɛɚɧɢɹɦɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɜ ɜɟɫɟɧɧɢɣ ɢ ɨɫɟɧɧɢɣ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɵ ɜɪɟɦɟɧ

ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɩɨɹɜɢɥɢɫɶ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɳɢɟ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɬɶ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɨɥɧɟɱɧɨɣ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ ɗɬɨ ɬɚɤ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɦɵɟ ɩɚɫɫɢɜɧɵɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɸɬ ɛɟɡ ɡɚɬɪɚɬ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ

Ɍɚɤɢɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɬɞɜɚɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɨɫɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɸɳɭɸ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɝɪɭɧɬɚ ɢɥɢ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɡɚɱɟɪɧɟɧɧɨɣ ɧɚ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɟɫɟɜɟɪɧɨɣ ɫɬɟɧɵ ɢɡ ɤɢɪɩɢɱɧɨɣ ɤɥɚɞɤɢ ɢɥɢ ɛɟɬɨɧɚ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜɵɣ ɚɤɤɭɦɭɥɹɬɨɪ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɨɣ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɤɚɧɚɥɚ ɩɨɞ ɩɨɥɨɦ ɬɟɩɥɢɰɵ ɡɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɝɪɚɜɢɟɦ ɢɥɢ ɛɭɬɨɜɵɦ ɤɚɦɧɟɦ

ȼ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɵ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɫɯɟɦɵ 1 ± ɩɨɤɪɵɬɢɟ ɬɟɩɥɢɰɵ ±

ɚɤɤɭɦɭɥɹɬɨɪ ± ɤɚɧɚɥɵ ± ɬɪɭɛɵ± ɜɟɧɬɢɥɹɬɨɪ ɋɯɟɦɚ ɬɟɩɥɢɰɵ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜɨɝɨɬɟɩɥɨɜɨɝɨɚɤɤɭɦɭɥɹɬɨɪɚ

ϰϵ

ɂɡɜɟɫɬɟɧ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɚɤɤɭɦɭɥɹɬɨɪ ɬɟɩɥɨɬɵ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɦɚɫɫɢɜɧɨɣ ɫɬɟɧɵ ɢɡ ɤɢɪɩɢɱɚ ɢɥɢ ɛɟɬɨɧɚ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɧɨɣ ɜɧɭɬɪɢ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɡɚ ɨɫɬɟɤɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɬɟɧɨɣ ɋɬɟɧɤɚ ɚɤɤɭɦɭɥɹɬɨɪɚ ɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɧɚɹ ɤ ɫɨɥɧɟɱɧɵɦ ɥɭɱɚɦ ɩɨɤɪɚɲɟɧɚ ɜ ɱɟɪɧɵɣ ɫɜɟɬ Ⱥɤɤɭɦɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɬɟɩɥɨɬɵ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɩɚɞɚɧɢɢ ɫɨɥɧɟɱɧɵɯ ɥɭɱɟɣ ɧɚ ɡɚɱɟɪɧɟɧɧɭɸ ɫɬɟɧɭ

ɋɯɟɦɚ ɬɟɩɥɢɰɵ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɢ ɫɬɟɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɵɯ ɚɤɤɭɦɭɥɹɬɨɪɨɜ

ɉɨɞɨɛɧɵɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɟɦɵɟ ɞɥɹ ɬɟɩɥɢɰ ɧɚɯɨɞɹɬ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɞɥɹ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɤɨɦɮɨɪɬɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɜ ɠɢɥɵɯ ɞɨɦɚɯ> 12]. ɉɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɟɣ ɩɚɫɫɢɜɧɵɯ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɦɨɠɟɬɫɥɭɠɢɬɶ ɬɟɩɥɢɰɚ ɭ ɞɨɦɚȾɭɝɥɚɫɚȻɚɥɤɨɦɛɚ ɜ ɝɨɪɨɞɟ ɋɚɧɬɚ-Ɏɟ ɜ ɲɬɚɬɟ ɇɶɸ-Ɇɟɯɢɤɨ ɋɒȺ

ϱϬ

ɋɨɥɧɟɱɧɵɣ ɞɨɦ Ⱦɭɝɥɚɫɚ Ȼɚɥɤɨɦɛɚ ɜɜɟɪɯɭ ± ɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɶ- ɧɵɣ ɪɚɡɪɟɡ ɜɧɢɡɭ ɫɥɟɜɚ± ɩɥɚɧ ɩɟɪɜɨɝɨ ɷɬɚɠɚ ɜɧɢɡɭ ɫɩɪɚɜɚ ± ɩɥɚɧ ɜɬɨɪɨɝɨɷɬɚɠɚ± ɜɟɧɬɢɥɹ-ɰɢɨɧɧɨɟ ɨɤɧɨ 2- ɤɢɪɩɢɱɧɚɹ ɤɥɚɞɤɚ

± ɛɚɥɤɨɧ ±

ɝɪɚɜɢɣɧɵɣ ɚɤɤɭɦɭ- ɥɹɬɨɪ± ɜɟɧɬɢɥɹ-ɬɨɪ 6 ± ɫɨɥɧɟɱɧɚɹ ɬɟɩɥɢɰɚ 7 ± ɫɬɨɥɨ-ɜɚɹɝɪɚɜɢɣɧɵɣ

ɚɤɤɭɦɭɥɹɬɨɪ ɩɨɞ ɩɨɥɨɦ ± ɤɭɯɧɹ ± ɝɨɫɬɢɧɚɹ ɝɪɚɜɢɣɧɵɣ ɚɤɤɭɦɭɥɹɬɨɪ ɩɨɞ ɩɨɥɨɦ± ɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɤɨɦɧɚɬɵ± ɫɩɚɥɶɧɢ

ɋɨɥɧɟɱɧɵɣ ɞɨɦ Ⱦɭɝɥɚɫɚ Ȼɚɥɤɨɦɛɚ ɜ ɋɚɧɬɚ-Ɏɟ ɇɶɸ-Ɇɟɯɢɤɨ ɋɒȺ ɋɥɟɜɚ±ɜɧɟɲɧɢɣ ɜɢɞ ɬɟɩɥɢɰɵ ɫɩɪɚɜɚ± ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɣ ɜɢɞ ɬɟɩɥɢɰɵ

ϱϭ

Ɉɬɦɟɬɢɦ ɝɥɚɜɧɵɟ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɩɚɫɫɢɜɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɗɬɨ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɢɥɢ ɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɨɫɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɸɳɟɣ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɸɫɨɥɧɟɱɧɨɝɨɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɹɢɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɭɟɦɭɸɟɟ ɜɬɟɩɥɨɜɭɸ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɸɧɚɝɪɟɬɨɝɨɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ ȼɬɨɪɨɟ± ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɚɤɤɭɦɭɥɹɬɨɪɚ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɨɣ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɤɚɧɚɥɚ ɩɨɞ ɩɨɥɨɦ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɢɦɟɸɳɢɦ ɝɪɚɜɢɣɧɨɟ ɡɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɚɤɤɭɦɭɥɢɪɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ Ɍɪɟɬɶɟ ɷɬɨ ɩɪɢɦɵɤɚɧɢɟ ɬɟɩɥɢɰɵ ɬɵɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɟɜɟɪɧɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɨɣ ɤ ɨɬɚɩɥɢɜɚɟɦɨɦɭ ɠɢɥɨɦɭ ɢɥɢ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦɭ ɡɞɚɧɢɸ, ɱɬɨ ɫɨɤɪɚɳɚɟɬɬɟɩɥɨɜɵɟɩɨɬɟɪɢ ɤɚɤ ɬɟɩɥɢɰɵ ɬɚɤ ɢ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɡɞɚɧɢɹ

Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶ ɱɬɨ ɩɚɫɫɢɜɧɵɟ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɢɦɵ ɧɚ ɧɟɛɨɥɶɲɢɯ ɬɟɩɥɢɰɚɯ Ⱦɥɹ ɤɪɭɩɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɬɟɩɥɢɰ ɫ ɦɧɨɝɨɩɪɨɥɟɬɧɵɦɢ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɨɧɢ ɧɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɜɜɢɞɭ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɬɟɩɥɢɰ

ɋɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɦɢɤɪɨɤɥɢɦɚɬɚ ɜ ɤɪɭɩɧɵɯ ɬɟɩɥɢɰɚɯ

Ʉɪɭɩɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɬɟɩɥɢɰɵ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɫɜɨɢ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɯ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɦɢɤɪɨɤɥɢɦɚɬɚ Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɨɟ ɬɟɩɥɨ ɜ ɬɟɩɥɢɰɟ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɨɣ ɨɬɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ.

ɋɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɜɫɟɫɟɡɨɧɧɚɹ ɬɟɩɥɢɰɚ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɢɦɟɬɶ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ ɨɬɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ

Ɇɨɧɬɚɠ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɨɬɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɫɬɪɨɹɳɟɣɫɹ ɬɟɩɥɢɰɟ

ϱϮ

ɋɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɨɬɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɬɟɩɥɢɰ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ Ɍɚɤ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɸɬɫɹɰɢɪɤɭɥɹɰɢɨɧɧɵɟɫɢɫɬɟɦɵɫ ɜɨɞɨɣ ɤɚɤ ɬɟɩɥɨɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɟɦ ɢ ɨɬɨɩɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɦɢ ɪɚɞɢɚɬɨɪɚɦɢ ɪɟɫɢɜɟɪɚɦɢ ɜ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɢ ɬɟɩɥɢɰɵ Ⱦɥɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɛɵɬɶ ɚɜɬɨɧɨɦɧɚɹ ɤɨɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɧɚ ɝɚɡɟ ɦɚɡɭɬɟ ɢɥɢ ɬɜɟɪɞɨɦ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɟ

ɇɚɫɬɟɧɧɵɟ ɪɚɞɢɚɬɨɪɵ ɜɨɞɹɧɨɣɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɨɛɨɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɩɥɢɰɵ

Ʉɚɥɨɪɢɮɟɪɵ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵɜɨɡɞɭɲɧɨɝɨ ɨɬɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɬɟɩɥɢɰɵ

ϱϯ

Ɉɛɨɝɪɟɜɚɟɦɵɣ ɝɪɭɧɬ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɦɨɳɢ ɜɨɞɹɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɩɨɞɨɝɪɟɜɚ

ɗɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɚɹɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɩɨɞɨɝɪɟɜɚ ɝɪɭɧɬɚ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɬɟɩɥɨɢɡ- ɥɭɱɚɟɦɵɦɤɚɛɟɥɟɦ

ɂɧɮɪɚɤɪɚɫɧɵɟ ɢɡɥɭɱɚɬɟɥɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɸɳɢɟ ɩɪɢ ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦ ɫɠɢɝɚɧɢɢ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɢɥɢ ɫɠɢɠɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɝɚɡɚ

Ɂɚɬɪɚɬɵ ɧɚ ɨɬɨɩɥɟɧɢɟ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɟ ȼɵɲɟ ɨɬɦɟɱɚɥɨɫɶ ɱɬɨ ɧɚ ɨɬɨɩɥɟɧɢɟ Ƚɚ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɢ ɜ ɡɢɦɧɢɣ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ɡɚɬɪɚɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɬɨɧɧ ɭɫɥɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɚ ɜ ɝɨɞ Ɍɨɩɥɢɜɧɚɹ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɚɹ ɜ ɫɟɛɟɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɟɬ ɨɬ ɞɨ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚ ɢ ɬɢɩɚ ɬɟɩɥɢɰɵ > @ɬɟɩɥɢɰ ɨɬɚɩɥɢɜɚɟɦɵɯ ɝɚɡɨɦ ɜ ɍɤɪɚɢɧɟ ɭɛɵɬɨɱɧɵ ɜ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ ɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɶɸ ɝɚɡɨɜɨɝɨ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɚ

ɉɪɢɱɢɧɚ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɯ ɡɚɬɪɚɬ ɧɚ ɨɬɨɩɥɟɧɢɟ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɬɨ ɨɝɪɚɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɬɟɩɥɢɰ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɫɬɟɤɥɚ ɢ ɩɥɟɧɤɢ ɧɟ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɬɟɩɥɨɢɡɨɥɢɪɭɸɳɢɦ ɢ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɧɟɝɨ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɹɬ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɟ ɩɨɬɟɪɢ ɬɟɩɥɚ ɇɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɥɭɱɲɟ ɨɛɫɬɨɢɬ ɞɟɥɨ ɫ ɬɟɩɥɢɰɚɦɢ ɢɡ ɫɨɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɢɤɚɪɛɨɧɚɬɚ ɂɦɟɹ ɫɨɬɨɜɭɸɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɭɫ ɜɨɡɞɭɲɧɵɦɢ ɩɪɨɫɥɨɣɤɚɦɢ

ϱϰ

ɩɨɥɢɤɚɪɛɨɧɚɬ ɩɨɱɬɢ ɜ ɞɜɚ ɪɚɡɚ ɫɧɢɠɚɟɬ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɵɟ ɩɨɬɟɪɢ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɨɝɪɚɠɞɟɧɢɹ Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɩɨɬɟɪɢ ɬɟɩɚ ɜɫɟ ɠɟ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɦɟɫɬɨ

ȼ ɥɟɬɧɢɣ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɭ ɬɟɩɥɢɰ ɫ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɣ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɶɸ ɨɫɬɟɤɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɩɟɪɟɝɪɟɜ ɱɬɨ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɧɟɞɨɩɭɫɬɢɦɨ Ⱦɥɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɸɬ ɡɚɲɬɨɪɢɜɚɧɢɟ

Ɂɚɲɬɨɪɢɜɚɧɢɟ ɤɪɭɩɧɵɯ ɬɟɩɥɢɰ

Ⱦɥɹ ɡɚɲɬɨɪɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɬɟɩɥɢɰ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɫɟɬɱɚɬɤɢ ɫ ɱɚɫɬɵɦɢ ɹɱɟɣɤɚɦɢ ɨɬɪɚɠɚɸɳɢɦɢ ɫɨɥɧɟɱɧɵɯ ɥɭɱɟɣ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦ ɡɚɤɪɵɜɚɸɬ ɩɪɨɡɪɚɱɧɵɟ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɬɟɩɥɢɰ ɗɬɢɦ ɩɪɟɞɨɬɜɪɚɳɚɸɬɩɟɪɟɝɪɟɜɬɟɩɥɢɰ ɇɨ ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɨɥɧɟɱɧɵɣ ɫɜɟɬ ɜɫɟ ɠɟ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɧɚ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɹ ɭɱɚɫɬɜɭɹ ɜ ɮɨɬɨɫɢɧɬɟɡɟ

Ɉɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɫɜɟɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɪɟɠɢɦɚ

ȼɬɨɪɨɣ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ ɷɧɟɪɝɨɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɬɟɩɥɢɰɟ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɨɛɨɝɪɟɜɚ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɫɜɟɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɪɟɠɢɦɚ

Ɉ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɢ ɫɨɥɧɟɱɧɨɝɨ ɫɜɟɬɚ ɧɚ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɹ Ɉɧɨ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɦɞɥɹɮɨɬɨɫɢɧɬɟɡɚ Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɧɢ ɨɞɢɧ ɬɢɩ ɩɨɤɪɵɬɢɹ ɬɟɩɥɢɰ ɧɟ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɩɪɨɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɹ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚ ɫɨɥɧɟɱɧɵɯ ɥɭɱɟɣ Ɍɚɤ ɩɪɨɡɪɚɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɛɟɫɰɜɟɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɢɤɚɪɛɨɧɚɬɚ ɇɨ ɩɪɨɡɪɚɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɟ

ϱϱ