книга ТЕПЛИЦЫ (3)

35ɨɋ ɉɪɢ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɯɥɨɪɨɮɢɥɥ ɜ ɡɟɥɟɧɨɣ ɦɚɫɫɟ ɩɪɢ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɢ ɧɚ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɟ ɫɨɥɧɟɱɧɨɝɨ ɫɜɟɬɚ ɭɫɜɚɢɜɚɟɬ ɞɢɨɤɫɢɞ ɭɝɥɟɪɨɞɚ ɢɡ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ ɢ ɜɨɞɭ ɢɡ ɩɨɱɜɵ ɢ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɢɪɭɟɬ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɦɚɫɫɭ ɤɚɤ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɹ ɦɚɫɫɭ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ ɬɚɤ ɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɹ ɩɥɨɞɵ>8].

ȼ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɤɨɧɬɢɧɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɤɥɢɦɚɬɚ ɡɚ ɥɟɬɧɢɣ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɞɥɹɳɢɣɫɹ - ɦɟɫɹɰɟɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɨɜɨɳɧɵɟ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɨ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɫɹ ɤ ɨɞɧɨɥɟɬɧɢɦ ɭɫɩɟɜɚɸɬ ɩɪɨɣɬɢ ɨɞɢɧ ɰɢɤɥ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɞɥɢɬɫɹ - ɦɟɫɹɰɚ

ɑɬɨɛɵ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɬɶ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ ɩɥɨɞɨɨɜɨɳɧɵɯ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɸɬ ɜɵɪɚɳɢɜɚɧɢɟ ɢɯ ɜ ɡɚɤɪɵɬɨɦ ɝɪɭɧɬɟ ɢɧɵɦɢ ɫɥɨɜɚɦɢ ɜ ɬɟɩɥɢɰɚɯ ɍɪɨɠɚɣɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɜɨɳɟɣ ɜ ɬɟɩɥɢɰɚɯ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɟɬ - ɤɝ ɦ2 [9].

Ⱦɨɫɬɢɝɧɭɬɵɟ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɬɟɩɥɢɰ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ

-Ɍɨɦɚɬɵ ɬ ɝɚ ɜ ɝɨɞ

-Ɉɝɭɪɰɵ ɬ ɝɚ ɜ ɝɨɞ

-ɋɥɚɞɤɢɣ ɩɟɪɟɰ ɬ ɝɚ ɜ ɝɨɞ

-Ʉɥɭɛɧɢɤɚ ɬ/ɝɚ ɜ ɝɨɞ

Ɍɟɩɥɢɰɚ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɚɹ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɭɱɚɫɬɨɤ ɡɟɦɥɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɵɣ ɞɥɹ ɜɵɪɚɳɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦ ɩɥɨɞɨɜɨɨɜɨɳɧɵɯ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪ ɡɚɳɢɳɟɧɧɚɹ ɨɬ ɨɯɥɚɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɪɚɧɧɢɟ ɜɟɫɟɧɧɢɟ ɦɟɫɹɰɵ ɩɪɢ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɡɚɦɨɪɨɡɤɨɜ ɫɜɟɬɨɩɪɨɡɪɚɱɧɵɦ ɩɨɤɪɵɬɢɟɦ ɉɨɤɪɵɬɢɟ ɢɡɨɥɢɪɭɟɬ ɭɱɚɫɬɨɤ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɢ ɞɥɹ ɜɵɪɚɳɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɚɹ ɭɬɟɱɤɭ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ ɧɨ ɩɪɨɩɭɫɤɚɟɬ ɫɨɥɧɟɱɧɵɟ ɥɭɱɢ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɫɨɡɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɞɥɟɧɢɹɩɟɪɢɨɞɚɜɵɪɚɳɢɜɚɧɢɹɩɥɨɞɨɨɜɨɳɧɵɯɤɭɥɶɬɭɪ ɧɚ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɦɟɫɹɰɟɜ ɚ ɩɪɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɹɯ ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɩɪɢ ɨɬɨɩɥɟɧɢɢ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɝɨ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɚ ɬɟɩɥɢɰ ɢ ɤɪɭɝɥɵɣ ɝɨɞ

Ⱦɚɥɟɟ ɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɦɫɹ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɞɥɹ ɜɵɪɚɳɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ

ϭϲ

Ɋɨɫɬ ɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɨɜɨɳɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɜ ɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɦ ɫɱɟɬɟ ɢɯ ɭɪɨɠɚɣ ɡɚɜɢɫɹɬ ɨɬ

-ɉɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɟ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ

-Ʉɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚ ɜɧɟɲɧɢɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ

-ɂɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ ɤɨɥɟɛɚɧɢɹ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ ɪɨɫɬɚ

-ɋɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɫɬɨɹɬɶ ɧɟɛɥɚɝɨɩɪɢɹɬɧɨɦɭ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɭ ɫɪɟɞɵ

-ɋɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɩɨɬɨɤ ɥɭɱɢɫɬɨɣ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ

-ȼɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɩɢɬɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɜɥɚɝɭ ɩɨɱɜɵ

-ȼɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɭɝɥɟɤɢɫɥɨɝɨ ɝɚɡɚ ɞɢɨɤɫɢɞɚ ɭɝɥɟɪɨɞɚ ɢɡ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ

Ɉɬɫɸɞɚ ɜɵɬɟɤɚɸɬ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɨɜɨɳɟɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɚɹ ɡɚɞɚɱɚ ɨɜɨɳɟɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ± ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢ

ɜɵɫɨɤɨɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨɭɪɨɠɚɹ Ⱦɥɹ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɷɬɨɣ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɬɶ ɦɟɬɨɞɚɦɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɪɨɫɬɨɦ ɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟɦ ɨɜɨɳɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɯɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɣɩɟɪɟɞɨɜɨɣɚɝɪɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɧɚɭɤɢ ɢ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɢ

Ʉɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɪɨɫɬɚ ɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ

ɜɟɫɶɦɚ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɟɧ ɫɥɨɠɟɧ ɧɟɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɟɧ ɉɪɹɦɨ ɢɥɢ ɤɨɫɜɟɧɧɨ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ ɞɨɥɝɨɬɵ ɢ ɲɢɪɨɬɵ ɦɟɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɵɫɨɬɵ ɧɚɞ ɭɪɨɜɧɟɦ ɦɨɪɹ ɤɪɭɬɢɡɧɵ ɫɤɥɨɧɨɜ ɢ ɦɧɨɝɢɯ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɩɪɢɱɢɧ

ɂɡɭɱɚɹ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ ɤ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɭ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɜɵɹɜɢɬɶ ɪɨɥɶ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɟ Ⱦɥɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɧɚɞɨ ɨɬɱɟɬɥɢɜɨ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɬɶ ɫɟɛɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ

-Ɍɟɩɥɚ tɨ ɋ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ ɩɨɱɜɵ ɢ ɟɟ ɤɨɥɟɛɚɧɢɟ

-ɋɜɟɬɚ ɞɨɥɝɨɬɚ ɞɧɹ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɢ ɫɢɥɚ ɫɜɟɬɚ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɨɥɧɟɱɧɨɝɨ ɫɢɹɧɢɹ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɫɭɬɨɤ ɢ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɝɨɞɚ

-ȼɨɞɵ ɨɫɚɞɤɢ ɢɯ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɝɨɞɚ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜɵɯ ɜɨɞɚ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɜɨɞɨɟɦɨɜ ɜɥɚɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ ɢ ɩɨɱɜɵ

ϭϳ

-ɉɢɬɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɢ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɩɨɱɜɵ ɢ ɩɨɞɩɨɱɜɵ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹ ɢ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɩɨɱɜɵ

-ȼɨɡɞɭɯɚ ɟɝɨ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɜ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɟ ɢ ɩɨɱɜɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɭɝɥɟɤɢɫɥɨɝɨɝɚɡɚ - ɋɈ2 ɩɪɢɦɟɫɢɹɞɨɜɢɬɵɯ ɝɚɡɨɜ ɜɟɬɟɪ ɢ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɧɨɟ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ

-Ȼɢɨɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɦɢɤɪɨɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɹɳɢɟɜ ɩɨɱɜɟ ɫɨɪɧɚɹɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɪɟɞɢɬɟɥɢ ɢ ɛɨɥɟɡɧɢ ɫɚɦɨ ɡɚɬɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɩɪɨɱɢɟ ɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɵɬɟɤɚɸɳɢɟ ɢɡ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ ɢ ɱɚɫɬɟɣ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɫɨɛɨɣ

-Ɇɚɝɧɢɬɧɨɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɟɣ

ȼɫɟ ɩɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɧɚɯɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɜ ɬɟɫɧɨɣ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɫɜɹɡɢ ɢ ɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨ ɜɥɢɹɸɬ ɧɚ ɪɨɫɬ ɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ

ɉɨ ɦɟɪɟ ɪɨɫɬɚ ɦɟɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ ɤ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɭ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣɜɧɟɲɧɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɨ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɭ ɢ ɫɬɚɞɢɣ ɟɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɧɨ ɢ ɨɬ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɞɚɠɟ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɢɡ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ

Ɉɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɵ ɠɢɡɧɢ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ ɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɵ ɢ ɪɚɜɧɨ ɡɧɚɱɢɦɵ Ʉɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ ɜɧɟɲɧɢɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ ɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ

Ɋɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ

-ɜɟɫɧɨɣ± ɬɟɩɥɨɦ

-ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɥɟɬɚ± ɜɥɚɠɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ

-ɜ ɤɨɧɰɟ ɥɟɬɚ± ɜɥɚɠɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɩɨɱɜɵ

-ɨɫɟɧɧɟ-ɡɢɦɧɹɹ ɜɵɝɨɧɤɚ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɜɟɬɨɦ

ȼ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɜɵɪɚɳɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɬɟɩɥɢɰɟ ɱɬɨɛɵ ɥɭɱɲɟ ɭɞɨɜɥɟɬɜɨɪɢɬɶ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ ɧɚ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɷɬɚɩɚɯ ɟɝɨ ɠɢɡɧɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɫɨɡɞɚɜɚɬɶ ɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɤɥɢɦɚɬ ɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɟɧɧɭɸ ɩɨɱɜɭ ɨɪɨɲɟɧɢɟ ɋɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɬɶ ɱɬɨ ɧɚ ɤɚɠɞɵɣ ɫɨɪɬ ɧɚ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɧɵɯɷɬɚɩɚɯ ɪɨɫɬɚɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹɨɬ ɫɟɦɟɧɢ ɞɨ ɫɟɦɟɧɢ ɧɭɠɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ

ϭϴ

Ʉɨɥɟɛɚɧɢɟ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɫɪɟɞɵ ɩɨ ɫɢɥɟ ɢ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɜɟɬɚ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɬ ɩɟɪɟɧɨɫɢɬɶ ɢɯ

Ɇɟɧɟɟ ɞɨɩɭɫɬɢɦɵ ɤɨɥɟɛɚɧɢɹ ɜɨɡɞɭɲɧɨɣ ɢ ɩɨɱɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɜɥɚɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ ɢ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɢɬɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ

ȿɳɟ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɵ ɤɨɥɟɛɚɧɢɹ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ Ʉɨɥɟɛɚɧɢɟ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɜɨɡɞɭɲɧɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ ȿɫɥɢ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɋɈ2 ɜ

ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɟ ɢ ɫɢɥɚ ɫɜɟɬɚ ɪɚɜɧɚ ɟɞɢɧɢɰɟ ɚɫɫɢɦɢɥɹɰɢɹ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɪɚɜɧɚ ɟɞɢɧɢɰɟ ɬɨ ɩɪɢ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɢ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɋɈ2 ɜ - ɪɚɡɚ ɢ ɩɚɞɟɧɢɟ ɫɜɟɬɚ ɜ - ɪɚɡɚ ɚɫɫɢɦɢɥɹɰɢɹ ɨɫɬɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɟɢɡɦɟɧɧɨɣ

Ⱦɥɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɭɪɨɠɚɹ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɬɚɤɨɟ ɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɟ ɫɜɟɬɚ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɩɨɱɜɵ ɢ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ ɜɥɚɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɱɜɵ ɢ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ ɩɨɱɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɜɨɡɞɭɲɧɨɝɨ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɬɚɤɚɹ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɫɜɹɡɶ ɫ ɩɨɱɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɦɢɤɪɨɮɥɨɪɨɣ ɬ ɟ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɜ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɫɨɡɞɚɬɶ ɜ ɬɟɩɥɢɰɚɯ ɇɢɠɟ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɵ

Ɍɟɩɥɨ ɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ

ɉɨ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɜɨɳɧɵɟ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ ɤ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɧɚ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ

-Ɇɨɪɨɡɨɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɵɟɦɧɨɝɨɥɟɬɧɢɟ ɥɭɤ ɱɟɫɧɨɤ ɫɩɚɪɠɚ ɪɟɜɟɧɶ ;

-ɏɨɥɨɞɨɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɵɟ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɭɦ ɚɫɫɢɦɢɥɹɰɢɢ ɨɋ ɜɵɲɟ

20ɨ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɵ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɵ ɧɚ ɞɵɯɚɧɢɟ ± ɝɢɛɟɥɶ©ɡɟɥɟɧɵɟª ɫɚɥɚɬ ɲɩɢɧɚɬ ɢ ɞɪ ɤɨɪɧɟɩɥɨɞɵ ɥɭɤ ɞɜɭɥɟɬɧɢɟ ɤɚɩɭɫɬɧɵɟ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɹ ;

-ɉɪɨɦɟɠɭɬɨɱɧɵɟ ɢ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɤ ɬɟɩɥɭ ɤɚɪɬɨɮɟɥɶ ɬɨɦɚɬ ;

-Ɍɪɟɛɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɤ ɬɟɩɥɭ ɬɨɦɚɬ ɨɝɭɪɰɵ ɩɟɪɟɰ ɛɚɤɥɚɠɚɧɵ ;

-ɀɚɪɨɫɬɨɣɤɢɟɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɹ ɮɚɫɨɥɶ ɤɭɤɭɪɭɡɚ ɞɵɧɢ ɚɪɛɭɡɵ ɬɵɤɜɚ);

ϭϵ

ɋɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɪɨɫɬɚ ɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɩɪɢ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɢ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ - ɧɟ ɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɵɟ ɑɟɦ ɦɟɧɶɲɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɋɈ2 ɜ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɟ ɬɟɦ ɧɢɠɟ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɩɪɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɧɚɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ ɪɚɜɟɧɫɬɜɨ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɩɪɢɯɨɞɨɦ ɨɬ ɚɫɫɢɦɢɥɹɰɢɢ ɢ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɨɦ ɧɚ ɞɵɯɚɧɢɟ

Ƚɢɛɟɥɶ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ ɨɬ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɨɛɴɹɫɧɹɟɬɫɹ

ɫɜɟɪɬɵɜɚɧɢɟɦɛɟɥɤɚ Ɂɞɟɫɶɢɦɟɟɬ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ

ɂɡ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɜɵɜɨɞ ɱɬɨ ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɰɜɟɬɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɥɨɞɨɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɤ ɬɟɩɥɭ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ ɥɟɠɚɬ ɜɵɲɟ ɱɟɦ ɞɥɹ ɪɨɫɬɤɨɜɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ

Ɉɬ ɜɹɡɤɨɫɬɢ ɩɥɚɡɦɵ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ ɤ ɡɚɦɨɪɨɡɤɚɦ ɑɟɦ ɜɵɲɟ ɜɹɡɤɨɫɬɶ ɬɟɦ ɫɢɥɶɧɟɟ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɨɬ ɡɚɦɨɪɨɡɤɨɜ

ɋɜɟɬ ɉɨ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɤ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɫɜɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɧɨ

ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɜɢɞɵ

-ɋɚɦɵɟ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɞɥɹ ɩɥɨɞɨɜ± ɞɵɧɢ ɚɪɛɭɡɵ ɬɵɤɜɚ ɩɟɪɟɰ ɛɚɤɥɚɠɚɧɵ ɬɨɦɚɬɵ ɤɭɤɭɪɭɡɚ ɮɚɫɨɥɶ ɝɨɪɨɯ ɢ ɧɚ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɟɦ ɦɟɫɬɟ ɨɝɭɪɰɵ

-Ɇɟɧɟɟ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ- ɱɟɫɧɨɤ ɥɭɤ ɪɟɩɱɚɬɵɣ ɫɜɟɤɥɚ ɦɨɪɤɨɜɶ ɤɚɩɭɫɬɚ

-ɋɚɦɵɟ ɧɟɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɥɢɫɬɨɜɵɟ ɨɜɨɳɢ± ɫɚɥɚɬ ɲɩɢɧɚɬ

ɪɟɜɟɧɶ ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɫɜɟɬɚɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɜ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɦ ɉɪɢ ɨɫɥɚɛɥɟɧɢɢ

ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɜɟɬɚ ɚɫɫɢɦɢɥɹɰɢɹ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɚɟɬɫɹ Ɋɚɫɬɟɧɢɹ ɟɠɟɞɧɟɜɧɨ ɢɫɩɵɬɵɜɚɸɬ ɪɚɡɧɵɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɫɜɟɬɨɜɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ Ɍɟɦ ɧɟ ɦɟɧɟɟ ɷɬɢ ɪɟɡɤɢɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɜɟɬɚ ɧɟ ɜɵɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɡɚɦɟɬɧɵɯ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ ɭ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ ɨɧɢ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɚɸɬ ɪɚɫɬɢ ɰɜɟɫɬɢ ɩɥɨɞɨɧɨɫɢɬɶ

ϮϬ

ȼɦɟɫɬɟ ɫ ɬɟɦ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɹ ɱɪɟɡɜɵɱɚɣɧɨ ɱɭɜɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɵ ɤ ɦɚɥɟɣɲɢɦ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹɦɜɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɟ ɢ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɫɜɟɬɚ ɂɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɨɫɜɟɳɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɵɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɭɸ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɸ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɹ

ɂɧɬɟɪɟɫɟɧ ɬɨɬ ɮɚɤɬ ɱɬɨ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɸɬ ɫɜɟɬɨɜɭɸ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɶ ɩɨɫɬɟɩɟɧɧɨ ɩɨ ɦɟɪɟ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɪɚɡɦɟɳɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ ɧɚ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɢ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɛɵɬɶ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɨ ɫ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɵɦ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɩɨɬɨɤɚ ɥɭɱɢɫɬɨɣ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ

ɍɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɫɜɟɬɚ ɡɚɜɢɫɹɬ ɨɬ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɢ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɨɬ ɭɝɥɚ ɧɚɤɥɨɧɚ ɷɤɫɩɨɡɢɰɢɢ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɪɹɞɨɜ ɢ ɨɬ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɹ ɜɵɫɨɬɚ ɫɬɟɛɥɹ ɨɛɢɥɢɟ ɪɚɡɜɟɬɜɥɟɧɢɣ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɚ ɦɟɠɞɭɪɹɞɢɣ ɮɨɪɦɚ ɥɢɫɬɶɟɜ ɇɚ ɩɪɨɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɟ ɫɜɟɬɚ ɜ ɧɢɠɧɟɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɫɬɟɛɥɹ ɜɥɢɹɟɬ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɚ ɦɟɠɞɭɪɹɞɢɣ

Ⱦɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ ɩɨ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɸ ɤ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɧɹ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɟ ɉɪɨɞɨɥɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɧɹ ɫɢɥɶɧɨ ɜɥɢɹɟɬ ɧɚ ɬɟɦɩ ɢ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ ɪɨɫɬɚ ɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ. Ɉɞɧɢ ɩɪɢ ɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɢɢ ɫɜɟɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɚ ɞɨ - ɱɚɫɨɜ ɭɫɤɨɪɹɸɬ ɰɜɟɬɟɧɢɟ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɧɚɨɛɨɪɨɬ ɩɪɢɭɤɨɪɨɱɟɧɢɢɞɧɹ ɡɚɰɜɟɬɚɸɬ ɩɨɡɠɟ ɢɥɢ ɫɨɜɫɟɦ ɧɟ ɰɜɟɬɭɬ.

ɗɬɢ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɹ ɬɪɟɛɭɸɬ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɞɧɟɜɧɨɝɨ ɨɫɜɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɞɨ - ɱɚɫɨɜ ɢ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɉɟɪɜɵɟ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ ©ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɤɨɪɨɬɤɨɝɨ ɞɧɹªɜɬɨɪɵɟ± ©ɞɥɢɧɧɨɝɨ ɞɧɹª

Ɋɚɫɬɟɧɢɹ ɞɥɢɧɧɨɝɨ ɞɧɹ ɲɩɢɧɚɬ ɫɚɥɚɬ ɪɟɞɢɫ ɭɤɪɨɩ ɢ ɞɜɭɥɟɬɧɢɟ ɤɚɩɭɫɬɚ ɦɨɪɤɨɜɶ ɰɢɤɨɪɢɣ ɥɭɤ ɱɟɫɧɨɤ

Ɋɚɫɬɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɪɨɬɤɨɝɨ ɞɧɹ ɩɪɨɫɨ ɮɚɫɨɥɶ ɫɨɪɝɨ ɤɭɤɭɪɭɡɚ ɬɚɛɚɤ ɩɨɞɫɨɥɧɟɱɧɢɤ ɨɝɭɪɰɵ ɬɨɦɚɬ ɫɨɹ

ɋɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɨ ɢɧɚɱɟ ɜɟɞɭɬ ɫɟɛɹ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɪɨɬɤɨɝɨ ɞɧɹ ɗɬɨ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɹ ɸɠɧɵɯ ɲɢɪɨɬ Ⱦɨɥɝɨɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɥɨɫɶ ɱɬɨ ɨɧɢ ɧɟ ɜɵɡɪɟɜɚɸɬ ɭ ɧɚɫ ɩɨɬɨɦɭ ɱɬɨ ɢɦ ɧɟ ɯɜɚɬɚɟɬ ɬɟɩɥɚ ɇɨ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ

Ϯϭ

ɩɪɢɱɢɧɨɣ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɛɵɥ ɧɟ ɮɚɤɬɨɪ ɬɟɩɥɚ ɚ ɧɟɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɷɬɢɦ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɹɦ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɚ ɨɫɜɟɳɟɧɢɹ

Ɋɚɫɬɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɪɨɬɤɨɝɨ ɞɧɹ ɞɥɹ ɭɫɤɨɪɟɧɢɹ ɬɟɦɩɚ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɬɪɟɛɭɸɬ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɢɹ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɚ ɞɧɟɜɧɨɝɨ ɨɫɜɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɲɬɨɪɢɜɚɧɢɹ). ɂɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥɢ ɱɬɨ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɪɨɬɤɨɝɨ ɞɧɹ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɜɵɪɚɳɢɜɚɬɶ ɩɪɢ ɤɨɪɨɬɤɨɦ ɞɧɟ ɥɢɲɶ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɟɪɜɵɯ ɧɟɞɟɥɶ ɱɬɨɛɵ ɪɟɡɤɨ ɢɡɦɟɧɢɬɶ ɬɟɦɩɵ ɢɯ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ

Ɋɚɫɬɟɧɢɹ ɞɥɢɧɧɨɝɨ ɞɧɹ ɩɥɨɞɨɧɨɫɹɬ ɬɟɦ ɪɚɧɶɲɟ ɱɟɦ ɞɥɢɧɧɟɟ

ɞɟɧɶ.

ɇɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɟɟ ɭɫɤɨɪɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɧɟɩɪɟɪɵɜɧɨɦ ɞɧɟ Ⱦɥɹ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣɞɥɢɧɧɨɝɨɞɧɹ ɫɦɟɧɚ ɬɟɦɧɨɬɵ ɢ ɫɜɟɬɚ ɧɟ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ Ɍɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɫɜɹɡɢ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ

ɫɜɟɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɚ ɞɧɹ ɢ ɯɨɞɚ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ ɞɨɤɚɡɚɥɨ ɱɬɨ ɞɥɹ ɩɥɨɞɨɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ ɤɨɪɨɬɤɨɝɨ ɞɧɹ ɜɚɠɧɨ ɧɟ ɱɟɪɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɤɨɪɨɬɤɨɝɨ ɫɜɟɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɪɟɠɢɦ ɫ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɬɟɦɧɵɦ ɚ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɬɟɦɧɨɬɵ ɩɪɢɱɟɦ ɜɚɠɧɨ ɱɬɨɛɵ ɮɚɤɬɨɪ ɬɟɦɧɨɬɵ ɛɵɥ ɡɚɞɚɧ ɜ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɟ ɫ ɞɪɭɝɢɦɢ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɦɢ ± ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɨɣ ɜɥɚɠɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɨɦ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ

ɋɜɟɬɨɜɭɸ ɫɬɚɞɢɸ ɨɞɧɨɥɟɬɧɢɟ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɹ ɞɥɢɧɧɨɝɨ ɞɧɹ ɢ ɤɨɪɨɬɤɨɝɨ ɞɧɹ ɩɪɨɯɨɞɹɬ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɱɟɬɤɨ ɭ ɞɜɭɥɟɬɧɢɯ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ ɬɚɤɨɣ ɱɟɬɤɨɫɬɢ ɧɟ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɨ ɱɬɨ ɤɚɩɭɫɬɚ ɫɜɟɤɥɚ ɧɟɪɟɞɤɨ ɡɚɰɜɟɬɚɟɬ ɜ ɩɨɞɜɚɥɟ

ȼɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ ɢ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɜɟɬɚ ɧɚ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɨɜɨɳɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ

ɉɪɨɞɨɥɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɧɟɜɧɨɝɨ ɨɫɜɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ ɲɢɪɨɬɵ ɦɟɫɬɚ ɇɚ ɷɤɜɚɬɨɪɟ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɞɧɹ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨ ɱɚɫɨɜ ɞɟɧɶ ɢ ɱɚɫɨɜ ɧɨɱɶ ɋ ɩɪɨɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɟɦ ɧɚ ɫɟɜɟɪ ɢɥɢ ɸɝ -ɱɚɫɨɜɨɣ ɞɟɧɶ ɞɥɹ ɜɫɟɯ ɲɢɪɨɬ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɥɢɲɶ ɞɜɚ ɪɚɡɚ ɜ ɝɨɞ ɦɚɪɬɚ ɢ ɫɟɧɬɹɛɪɹ ɜ

ϮϮ

ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɷɬɢɦɢ ɞɚɬɚɦɢ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɨɥɧɟɱɧɨɝɨ ɞɧɹ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ ɱɚɫɨɜ ɚ ɜ ɨɫɬɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɦɟɫɹɰɵ ɦɟɧɶɲɟ

ɋɢɥɚ ɫɜɟɬɚ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɞɧɹ ɩɪɢ ɱɢɫɬɨɦ ɢ ɩɨɤɪɵɬɨɦ ɨɛɥɚɤɚɦɢ ɧɟɛɟ ɞɚɠɟ ɥɟɝɤɢɟ ɨɛɥɚɤɚ ɫɧɢɠɚɸɬ ɫɢɥɭ ɫɜɟɬɚ ɜ - ɪɚɡ ɢ ɛɨɥɟɟ

Ɋɟɡɤɢɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ ɫɜɟɬɚ ɜ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ ɩɪɟɨɛɥɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɤɪɚɫɧɨ-ɠɟɥɬɵɯ ɥɭɱɟɣ ɜɵɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɪɚɧɧɟɟ ɧɚɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɟ ɰɜɟɬɟɧɢɹ ɧɟɫɦɨɬɪɹ ɧɚ ɤɨɪɨɬɤɢɣ ɞɟɧɶ

ȿɳɟ ɫɢɥɶɧɟɟ ɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɫɜɟɬɚ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɞɧɹ ȼɟɫɧɨɣ ɫɨɥɧɟɱɧɵɣ ɫɜɟɬ ɦɟɧɟɟ ɛɨɝɚɬ ɭɥɶɬɪɚɮɢɨɥɟɬɨɜɵɦɢ ɥɭɱɚɦɢ ɱɟɦ ɨɫɟɧɶɸ ɋɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɭɥɶɬɪɚɮɢɨɥɟɬɨɜɵɯ ɥɭɱɟɣ ɜ ɩɨɥɞɟɧɶ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɤ ɥɟɬɭ ɩɨ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸɫ ɡɢɦɨɣ ɜ ɪɚɡ ɫɢɧɟ-ɮɢɨɥɟɬɨɜɵɯ ɥɭɱɟɣ± ɜ ɪɚɡ ɜɢɞɢɦɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚɟɬ ɜ ɪɚɡɚ ɚ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɵɯ ɥɭɱɟɣ - ɥɢɲɶ ɜ ɪɚɡɚ

Ɋɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɢɦɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨɫɜɟɬɚɜɮɨɬɨɩɟɪɢɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ ɫɜɟɬɚ ɧɚ ɪɨɫɬ ɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ

Ɉɩɵɬ ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɱɬɨ ɞɚɠɟ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɫɥɚɛɨɟ ɜ ɥɸɤɫɚɯ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɨɫɜɟɳɟɧɢɟ ©ɤɪɚɫɧɵɦɢª ɥɭɱɚɦɢ ɭɫɤɨɪɹɟɬ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ ɞɥɢɧɧɨɝɨ ɞɧɹ ɢ ɡɚɦɟɞɥɹɟɬ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ ɤɨɪɨɬɤɨɝɨ ɞɧɹ

ɇɚɨɛɨɪɨɬ©ɫɢɧɟ-ɮɢɨɥɟɬɨɜɵɟªɥɭɱɢ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɤɚɤ ɬɟɦɧɨɬɚ ɬ ɟ ɭɫɤɨɪɹɸɬ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ ɤɨɪɨɬɤɨɝɨ ɞɧɹ ɡɚɦɟɞɥɹɹ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ ɞɥɢɧɧɨɝɨ ɞɧɹ

ɉɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɜɟɬɚ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɤɨɦɩɟɧɫɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɤɢ ɫɨɥɧɟɱɧɨɝɨ ɨɫɜɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɡɢɦɧɢɟ ɦɟɫɹɰɵ

ȼɵɪɚɳɢɜɚɧɢɟ ɜ ɨɫɨɛɵɯ ɤɚɦɟɪɚɯ©ɥɸɦɟɧɨɫɬɚɬɚɯªɩɨɤɚɡɚɥɨ ɱɬɨ ɩɨ ɜɢɞɭɢ ɩɨ ɜɤɭɫɭ ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɨɝɭɪɰɵ ɧɟ ɨɬɥɢɱɚɥɢɫɶ ɨɬ ɜɵɪɚɳɟɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɬɟɩɥɢɰɟ ɋɟɦɟɧɧɢɤɢ ɞɚɜɚɥɢ ɠɢɡɧɟɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɵɟ ɫɟɦɟɧɚ ɢɡ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɜɵɪɚɳɢɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɹ

Ϯϯ

Ɉɫɜɟɳɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɵɪɚɠɚɸɬ ɜ ɥɸɤɫɚɯ ɥɤ Ɉɫɜɟɳɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɜ ɥɤ Ⱦɥɹ ɪɹɞɚ ɨɜɨɳɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɚ

Ⱦɥɹ ɪɹɞɚ ɨɜɨɳɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɨɣ ɨɫɜɟɳɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɞɥɹ ɪɨɫɬɚ ɢ ɩɥɨɞɨɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ ɫɱɢɬɚɸɬ -ɥɤ ɉɪɢ ɦɚɥɨɣ ɨɫɜɟɳɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɨɡɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɛɚɥɚɧɫ± ɩɪɢɯɨɞ ɨɬ ɚɫɫɢɦɢɥɹɰɢɢ ɦɟɧɶɲɟ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɚ ɧɚ ɞɵɯɚɧɢɟ ɗɬɨ ɡɚɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɩɪɢɛɟɝɚɬɶ ɤ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɭ ɨɫɜɟɳɟɧɢɸ

ɍɬɪɨɦ ɩɪɢ ɜɨɫɯɨɞɟ ɫɨɥɧɰɚ ɪɚɫɫɟɹɧɧɚɹ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɹ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɉɨ ɦɟɪɟ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɹ ɜɵɫɨɬɵ ɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɫɨɥɧɰɚ ɧɚɞ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɨɦ ɞɨɥɹ ɩɪɹɦɨɝɨ ɫɜɟɬɚ ɩɚɞɚɟɬ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɢ - ɱɚɫɨɜ ɫɭɬɤɢ ɜ ɨɫɬɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɧɟɛɨ ɩɨɤɪɵɬɨ ɨɛɥɚɤɚɦɢ ɢ ɢɦɟɟɬɫɹ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɪɚɫɫɟɹɧɧɵɣ ɫɜɟɬ

ɗɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɫɜɟɬ ɢ ɟɝɨ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɋɨɫɬɚɜ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɜɟɬɚ ɫɢɥɶɧɨ ɨɬɥɢɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɬ ɫɨɥɧɟɱɧɨɝɨ ɫɜɟɬɚ ɋɨɥɧɟɱɧɵɣ ɫɜɟɬ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɛɨɝɚɬ ɥɭɱɚɦɢ ɞɥɢɧɨɣ ɨɬ ɞɨ ɇɦ, ɚ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ ɷɬɢ ɥɭɱɢ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɬ ɮɢɡɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɸ ɬ ɟ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬ ɢɯ ɞɥɹ ɮɨɬɨɫɢɧɬɟɡɚ

ɗɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɫɜɟɬ ɨɬ ɨɛɵɱɧɵɯ ɥɚɦɩ ɧɚɤɚɥɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɪɚɡ ɛɟɞɧɟɟ ɭɥɶɬɪɚɮɢɨɥɟɬɨɜɵɦɢ ɥɭɱɚɦɢ ɜ ɪɚɡ± ɫɢɧɟ-ɮɢɨɥɟɬɨɜɵɦɢ ɢ ɩɨɱɬɢ ɜ ɪɚɡɚɛɨɝɚɱɟɢɧɮɪɚɤɪɚɫɧɵɦɢɥɭɱɚɦɢ ɜ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɢ ɫ ɫɨɥɧɟɱɧɵɦ ɫɜɟɬɨɦ ɑɬɨɛɵ ɞɨɛɢɬɶɫɹ ɨɫɜɟɳɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɨɣ ɫ ɫɨɥɧɟɱɧɵɦ ɫɜɟɬɨɦ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɶɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɥɚɦɩ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɛɵɬɶ ɜ - ɪɚɡ ɜɵɲɟ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɨɥɧɟɱɧɨɣ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɢ

ɉɪɢɫɨɥɧɟɱɧɨɣɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɢ ɪɚɜɧɨɣɨɞɧɨɣɦɚɥɨɣɤɚɥɨɪɢɢɧɚ ɫɦ2 ɜ ɦɢɧɭɬɭ ɨɫɜɟɳɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɥɤ ɚ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɶ ɝɚɡɨɧɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɧɵɯ ɥɚɦɩ ɞɚɟɬ ɜɫɟɝɨ - ɬɵɫ ɥɤ

ɑɬɨɛɵɩɪɢɩɨɦɨɳɢɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɥɚɦ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɶɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɜɢɞɢɦɨɣɱɚɫɬɢɫɩɟɤɬɪɚ ɪɚɜɧɭɸɫɨɥɧɟɱɧɨɣ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɨɫɜɟɳɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ 55 ɥɤ ɞɥɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɫɦ2 ɜ ɦɢɧɭɬɭ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɛɵɬɶ ɪɚɜɧɨɣ ɤɚɥ ɦɢɧ

Ϯϰ

Ʉɪɨɦɟɨɛɳɟɣ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɡɧɚɬɶ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ ɞɥɢɧɵ ɜɨɥɧ -700 ɇɦ.

2.3. ɉɢɬɚɧɢɟ ɭɝɥɟɤɢɫɥɨɬɨɣ

Ɉɤɨɥɨ ɫɭɯɨɝɨ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɬ ɢɡ ɭɝɥɟɪɨɞɚ ɍɫɜɨɟɧɢɟ ɭɝɥɟɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɧɚ ɫɜɟɬɭ ɢ

ɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɝɥɨɳɟɧɢɟɦ ɬɟɩɥɚ Ɉɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɨɩɢɫɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɨɣ

6CO2 + 6H2O + 674 ɤɚɥ C6H12O6 + 6O2

Ɇɟɠɞɭ ɩɨɱɜɨɣ ɢ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɨɣ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɧɟɩɪɟɪɵɜɧɵɣ ɝɚɡɨɨɛɦɟɧ ɉɨɜɵɫɢɬɶ ɚɫɫɢɦɢɥɹɰɢɸ ɜ ɷɬɢɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɨɫɜɟɳɟɧɢɟɦ ɢ ɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɨɛɨɝɚɳɟɧɢɟɦ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ ɭɝɥɟɤɢɫɥɨɬɨɣ

ɂɡɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɜɨɡɞɭɲɧɨɝɨ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥɨ ɱɬɨ ɤɨɥɟɛɚɧɢɹ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɋɈ2 ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɚɫɫɢɦɢɥɹɰɢɢ ɫɢɥɶɧɨ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɟɬ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɋɈ2 ɜɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɟɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɫɭɬɨɤ ɞɧɟɦ ɜ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɟ ɦɟɧɶɲɟ ɭɝɥɟɤɢɫɥɨɝɨ ɝɚɡɚ ɱɟɦ ɧɨɱɶɸ

ɑɟɦ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɟɟ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɟ ɤ ɫɜɟɬɭ ɬɟɦ ɪɚɧɶɲɟ ɢ ɫɢɥɶɧɟɟ ɨɧɨ ɨɬɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɢɟ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɟɝɨ ɩɪɢ+20ɨɋ ɢ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɢ ɜ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɟ ɋɈ2 ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɩɚɞɟɧɢɹ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɜɟɬɚ ɨɬ ɞɨ ɩɪɢɯɨɞɭ ɨɬ ɚɫɫɢɦɢɥɹɰɢɢ ɪɚɜɟɧ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɭ ɧɚ ɞɵɯɚɧɢɟ

ɍ ɬɟɧɟɥɸɛɢɜɵɯ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ ɷɬɨ ɪɚɜɟɧɫɬɜɨ ɩɪɢɯɨɞɚ ɢ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɚ ɧɚɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ ɩɪɢɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɢɨɬ ɞɨ ɨɛɳɟɝɨɞɧɟɜɧɨɝɨ ɫɜɟɬɚ ɜ ɩɨɥɞɟɧɶ ɋ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɩɪɢɯɨɞ ɢ ɪɚɫɯɨɞ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɭɪɚɜɧɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɜɟɬɚ

ɋ ɪɨɫɬɨɦɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɋɈ2 ɜɜɨɡɞɭɯɟ ɩɪɢ ɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɨɣ ɫɢɥɟ ɫɜɟɬɚ ɚɫɫɢɦɢɥɹɰɢɹ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɚ ɩɨɬɨɦɭ ɪɚɜɟɧɫɬɜɨ ɩɪɢɯɨɞɚ ɢ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɚ ɧɚɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ ɩɪɢ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɜɟɬɚ Ɍɟɦ ɛɨɥɟɟ

Ϯϱ