Concepts in electricity

In casual usage, the term electricity is applied to several related concepts that are better identified by more precise terms:

• Electric charge - a fundamental conserved property of some subatomic particles, which determines their electromagnetic interactions. Electrically charged matter is influenced by, and produces, electromagnetic fields.

• Electric field - an effect produced by an electric charge that exerts a force on charged objects in its vicinity.

• Electric potential - the potential energy per unit charge associated with a static electric field (often referred to as voltage).

• Electric current - a movement or flow of electrically charged particles.

• Electrical energy - the energy made available by the flow of electric charge through a conductor or from the forces between charged particles.

• Electric power - the rate at which electric energy is converted to or from another energy form, such as light, heat, or mechanical energy.

Вправа 2

Знайдіть у тексті слова - інтернаціаналізми,електричні терміни, несправжні друзі перекладачів.

Вправа 3

Дати коротке визначення наступних пойнять: an atom, static electricity, electric current, direct current, alternating current, an electric circuit, an open circuit, a closed circuit.

Вправа 4

Прочитайте текст, випишіть та вивчіть незнайому лексику. Складіть анотацію до нього. Перекажіть текст згідно з анотацією.

Electric field

Michael Faraday

The concept of electric field was introduced by Michael Faraday. The electrical field force acts between two charges, in the same way that the gravitational field force acts between two masses. However, the electric field is a little bit different. Gravitational force depends on the masses of two bodies, whereas electric force depends on the electric charges of two bodies. While gravity can only pull two masses together, the electric force can be an attractive or repulsive force. If both charges are of same sign (e.g. both positive), there will be a repulsive force between the two. If the charges are opposite, there will be an attractive force between the two bodies. The magnitude of the force varies inversely with the square of the distance between the two bodies, and is also proportional to the product of the unsigned magnitudes of the two charges.

Вправа 5

Виконайте наступні дії:

L) Draw circuit symbols.

2) Draw series and parallel arrangements.

3) Draw cells in series.

4) Draw cell in parallel.

Вправа 6

Прокоментуйте досліди, які показано на малюнках, використовуючи подані нижче слова та словосполучення:

to rub, to demonstrate electrostatic attraction, pieces of paper, to electrify, a rod, a comb, to draw a comb through the hair, to become! Charged with electricity, to attract, to sparkle, sparks, in the dark room, to hear a cracking noise, a thin stream of water, a tap, to deflect, to electrify, a rod.

Вправа 7

Вивчіть лексику до теми:

Substance-речовина.

To be elected by-бути вибраним.

Friction-тертя.

Amber-янтарь.

Electrical phenomena- електричне явище.

To be explained by-для того, щоб було роз'яснено.

According to-згідно.

То be composed of- щоб бути складено.

Tiny particles- мікрочастинки.

Nucleus-ядро.

Positively- позитивний.

Charged moss- зарядний мох.

Lighter-легче.

Neutral-нетральний.

Equal amounts- дорівнює кількості.

Charges- звиннувачення.

Motion- pyx.

At rest-в спокію.

To be referred to-щоб бути згаданим.

A flow-потік.

Nonmetals-не метали.

Insulators-індикатор.

Nonconductors-не провідники.

Semi-conductors-полупровідники.

Continuous current-неприривний потік.

Electrical circuit-електричний кругообіг.

A path-доріжка.

A complete path-повна доріжка.

To transmit-щоб передавати.

Portion-частина.

Due to-із-за.

A break-перерва.

A wide range-широкий діапазон.

Arrangements-міра.

Вправа 8

Дайте відповіді на питання

l. Who discovered many substances?

2.Why did Gilbert manned thus effect "electric"?

3. Are there many kinds of atoms?

4.What parts atom has?

5.1s atom electrically neutral?

1.3.5 ВИВЧЕННЯ ТЕКСТУ ЗА ФАХОМ. ЩО МОЖЕ ЕЛЕКТРИКА.

Тема	"What can electricity do?".Професійні терміни, їх скорочення.
Граматика	неозначені часи, структура речення.Неозначені часи.
Самостійна робота № 4	Технічний переклад та переказ тексту за фахом: «Електричні одиниці»Самостійний переклад газетної статті «Англійська мова – мова ХХІ століття». Вивчення нової лексики за текстом Складання анотації. Вивчення аннотації

What Electricity Can Do

Before considering how to make an electric current, let us first glance at some of the things we can do with it when we have it. One effect, perhaps the one seen least often in everyday life, is a chemical effect called electrolysis. When a current is passed through a conducting liquid such as salt water, it splits up the water into the hydrogen and oxygen gases of which it is composed.

Another effect of electric current is that it heats the wire through which it is flowing. If a wire of the correct resistance is chosen it will glow red-hot when the current flows, and this heating effect is used in electric ovens, cookers, fires and irons. The same effect is used in an electric light bulb, which has a length of very thin wire called a filament which is made white hot by the current and emits light. The stronger the current and the higher the resistance it is forced through, the greater the heat produced.

A third effect of an electric current is the magnetic effect. This was discovered quite by chance in 1820 by the Dane Hans Oersted, who noticed that if a wire through which a current was brought near a magnetic compass, the needle swung away from its north-and-south direction. The French scientist Andre Ampere heard what Oersted had found and soon afterwards he published the laws relating electricity and magnetism.

If a coil is made by winding wire round a pencil, the coil will behave like a magnet when a current is passed through it. If an iron rod is pushed trough the centre of the coil, the effect is greatly increased. Electromagnets made in this way are used in industry for lifting heavy pieces of steel and they are also used inside the speakers of a television set or hi-fi; but perhaps their most important uses are in transformers and the machines called electric motors and dynamos.