Si electricity units

SI electromagnetism units
Symbol	Name of Quantity	Derived Units	Unit	Base Units
I	Current	ampere (SI base unit)	A	A = W/V = C/s
q	Electric charge, Quantity of electricity	coulomb	C	A·s
V	Potential difference	volt	V	J/C=kg·m2·s−3·A−1
R, Z, X	Resistance, Impedance, Reactance	ohm	Ω	V/A=kg·m2·s−3·A−2
ρ	Resistivity	ohm metre	Ω·m	kg·m3·s−3·A−2
P	Power, Electrical	watt	W	V·A = kg·m2·s−3
C	Capacitance	farad	F	C/V=kg−1·m−2·A2·s4
	Elastance	reciprocal farad	F−1	V/C = kg·m2·A−2·s−4
ε	Permittivity	farad per metre	F/m	kg−1·m−3·A2·s4
χe	Electric susceptibility	(dimensionless)	-	-
G, Y, B	Conductance, Admittance, Susceptance	siemens	S	Ω−1 = kg−1·m−2·s3·A2
σ	Conductivity	siemens per metre	S/m	kg−1·m−3·s3·A2
H	Auxiliary magnetic field, magnetic field intensity	ampere per metre	A/m	A·m−1
Φm	Magnetic flux	weber	Wb	V·s = kg·m2·s−2·A−1
B	Magnetic field, magnetic flux density, magnetic induction, magnetic field strength	tesla	T	Wb/m2 = kg·s−2·A−1
	Reluctance	ampere-turns per weber	A/Wb	kg−1·m−2·s2·A2
L	Inductance	henry	H	Wb/A = V·s/A = kg·m2·s−2·A−2
μ	Permeability	henry per metre	H/m	kg·m·s−2·A−2
χm	Magnetic susceptibility	(dimensionless)	-	-

Вправа 4

Складіть діалог на англійській мові за поданими ситуаціями, використовуючи неозначені часи:

1. Студент не розуміє формули і приходить на консультацію до викладача

2. Два студента обговорюють інформацію вивчену на занятті з фізики

3. Товариші разом виконують домашнє завдання за формулами, які вивчали на занятті

1.3.2 Вивчення тексту за фахом. Історія вивчення електричного струму.

Тема	"History of studying of electric current"
Граматика	Перфектні та неозначені часи.

Вправа 1

Прочитайте текст, випишіть незнайому лексику та вивчіть її. Знайдіть у тексті речення у неозначених часах, та переробіть їх у перфектні:

History of studying of electric current

Ancient

According to Thales of Miletus, writing at around600 BC, a form of electricity was known to theAncient Greekswho found that rubbingfuron various substances, such asamber, would cause a particularattractionbetween the two. The Greeks noted that the amber buttons could attract light objects such ashairand that if they rubbed the amber for long enough they could even get asparkto jump.

An object found in Iraq in 1938, dated to about250 BCand called theBaghdad Battery, resembles agalvanic celland is believed by some to have been used forelectroplating.

Leyden jars, Museum Boerhaave, Leiden

Modern

Italian physician Girolamo Cardanoreturned to the subject of electricity in De Subtilitate (1550)[1], distinguishing, perhaps for the first time, between electrical and magnetic forces. In1600the English scientistWilliam Gilbert, in De Magnete, expanded on Cardano's work and coined themodern Latinword electricus from ηλεκτρον (elektron), the Greek word for "amber", which soon gave rise to the English words electric and electricity.

He was followed in 1660byOtto von Guericke, who invented an earlyelectrostaticgenerator.Hiraga Gennaideveloped theelekiterin Japan in the mid18th century. Other pioneers wereRobert Boyle, who in1675stated that electric attraction and repulsion can act across a vacuum;Stephen Gray, who in1729classified materials asconductorsandinsulators; andC. F. Du Fay, who first identified the two types of electricity that would later be called positive and negative.

The Leyden jar, a type of capacitorfor electrical energy in large quantities, was invented atLeiden UniversitybyPieter van Musschenbroekin1745.William Watson, experimenting with the Leyden jar, discovered in1747that a discharge of static electricity was equivalent to anelectric current.

Nikola Tesla

In June, 1752,Benjamin Franklinpromoted his investigations of electricity and theories through the famous, though extremely dangerous,experimentof flying akiteduring athunderstorm. Following these experiments he invented alightning rodand established the link betweenlightningand electricity. If Franklin did fly a kite in a storm, he did not do it the way it is often described (as it would have been dramatic but fatal). It is either Franklin (more frequently) orEbenezer KinnersleyofPhiladelphia(less frequently) who is considered as the establisher of the convention of positive and negative electricity.

Franklin's observations aided later scientists such as Michael Faraday,Luigi Galvani,Alessandro Volta,André-Marie Ampère, andGeorg Simon Ohmwhose work provided the basis for modern electrical technology. The work of Faraday, Volta, Ampere, and Ohm is honored by society, in that fundamental units of electrical measurement are named after them.

Volta discovered that chemical reactionscould be used to create positively chargedanodesand negatively chargedcathodes. When a conductor was attached between these, thedifference in the electrical potential(also known as voltage) drove acurrentbetween them through the conductor. Thepotential differencebetween two points is measured in units ofvoltsin recognition of Volta's work.

In 1800 Volta constructed the first device to produce a large electric current, later known as the electric battery.Napoleon, informed of his works, summoned him in 1801 for a command performance of his experiments. He received many medals and decorations, including theLegion of Honor.

By the end of the 19th century electrical engineershad become a distinct profession, separate from physicists and inventors. They created companies that investigated, developed and perfected the techniques of electricity

Thomas Alva Edison

transmission, and gained support from governments all over the world for starting the first worldwide electrical telecommunication network, the telegraph network. Pioneers in this field includedWerner von Siemens, founder of Siemens AG in1847, andJohn Pender, founder of Cable & Wireless.

The late 19th and early 20th century produced such giants of electrical engineering as Nikola Tesla, inventor of the polyphaseinduction motor;Samuel Morse, inventor of the telegraph;Antonio Meucci, an inventor of the telephone;Thomas Edison, inventor of the first commercial electrical energy distribution network;George Westinghouse, inventor of the electriclocomotive;Charles Steinmetz, theoretician of alternating current;Alexander Graham Bell, another inventor of the telephone and founder of a successful telephone business.

The rapid advance of electrical technology in the latter 19th and early 20th centuries led to commercial rivalries, such as the so-called War of the Currentsbetween Edison's direct-current system and Westinghouse's alternating-current method. Often, concurrent research in widely scattered locations led to multiple claims to the invention of a device or system.

Вправа 2

Дайте відповіді на подані нижче питання англійською мовою:

1. What opening was made by ancient Greeks?

2. What has made Du Fay in 1729?

3. What is Leyden jar?

4. What has invented Samuel Morse?

5. What has constructed Volt?

Вправа 3

Складіть речення з поданих нижче слів:

1. in large quantities, electrical energy, a type of, The Leyden jar, capacitor for.

2. a distinct profession, By the end of, electrical engineers, the 19th century, separate from physicists, had become, and inventors.

3. a large electric current, as the electric battery, the first device to, later known, In 1800 Volta constructed, produce.

4. Benjamin Franklin, lightning and electricity, In June, 1752, the link between, established.

5. the two types of, positive and negative, In 1729 С F. Du Fay, electricity that would, identi­fied, later be called.

Вправа 4

Підберіть вірний переклад слів:

1. Amber	а) зв'язок між
2. Capacitor	b) притягання
3. Attraction	с) блискавка
4. Lightning	d) різні речовини
5. Fur	e) бурштин
6. Various substances	f) електричний струм
7. The link between	g) конденсатор
8. Electric current	h) хутро

Вправа 5

Складіть 5 типів питань до поданого нижче речення:

In 1800 Volta constructed the first device to produce a large electric current, later known as the electric battery.

Вправа 6

Вставте пропущені слова у речення:

1. ………….. Ancient a form of electricity was known to the ……… who found that on various substances, such as amber, would cause a particular …….. between the two.

2 ……. by the end of the 19th century had become a distinct profession …….. from physicists and inventors.

3. The work of Faraday, Volta, Ampere, and Ohm is ….. society, in that. …. units of electrical measurement are . ….. after them.

4. Modern In 1600 the English scientist ….. , expanded on Cardano's work and coined the …… word electricus (electron), the Greek word for "amber", which soon …….. to the English words electric and electricity.

5. ……. the Leyden jar, a …… of capacitor for …… in large quantities.