5.chemical [΄kemik(ə)l]

6.haberdashery [΄hæbədæ∫əri]

7.casual [΄kæ:Ʒjuəl]

8.dressy [΄dresi]

2.Listen and remember the following words and phrases:

1.weaving – ткацтво

2.spinning – прядіння

3.knitting – в’язання

4.dress and shoes making – виготовлення одягу та взуття

5.fashion design studio – ательє мод

6.to match – пасувати

7.to fit – підходити (за розміром)

ІІ Reading skills

1. Read and remember:

1.consumer good manufacture – виробництво товарів народного вжитку

2.chemical fibres – хімічні волокна

3.technical fabrics and upholstery – технічні та оббивні тканини

4.cord – мотузка

5.conveyer belt – конвеєрна стрічка

6.skills and know-how – навички та вміння

7.to predict customers desires – передбачити бажання споживачів

8.to explore new tendencies – досліджувати нові тенденції

9.highly-qualified – висококваліфіковані

2. Read and translate the following text.

Light industry as it was and as it is

Since the early days of mankind people have been wearing clothes and footwear. Their needs grew constantly which resulted in appearing of different handicrafts. Such as weaving, spinning, knitting, dress and shoes making. In the course of their historic development those crafts turned out into modern technologies.

Nowadays manufacturing fabrics, leather, clothing, footwear, knitting-wear is a highly specialized affair that requires sophisticated machinery and technologically skilled manpower. The sphere of consumer goods manufacture is provided by the branches of light industry, which include the manufacture of cotton, wool, silk, leather, knitting-wear, fur, haberdashery, etc. Besides, light industry supplies the other branches of national economy with chemical fibres, technical fabrics and upholstery, cord, conveyer belts, sacks, medical materials and so on.

Manufacturing involves everything from preparing and treating the raw material, to cutting, stitching and adding the finishing touches. This is a highly mechanised process handled by skilled production specialists.

These specialists are trained at special higher schools, such as Kyiv National University of Technologies and Design, Khmelnytsky Technological University and others.

Future specialists are intended for managing, researching and manufacturing. Students study social sciences, humanities, fundamental and applied sciences. Special subjects and technologies are taught to senior students. Apart from this students have to possess a lot of professional skills and know-how in designing, technology and research. Designers and technologists should know all processes of manufacture; predict customers’ desires and fashion trends several years in advance.

Students have to know how to explore new tendencies in production, be ready to carry out research and put its results into practice. They take practical training at the students’ design bureaus and at the light industry enterprises.

Nowadays, students developing their own designs participate in international competitions. The task of highly-qualified engineers, technologists, designers is to contribute to the development of the national economy and achieve European living standards.

3. Find the answers to the questions:

1. Since when have people been wearing clothes and footwear? 2. What handicrafts appeared as a result of needs growth?

3. What branches of light industry provide the consumer goods manufacture? 4. What processes does manufacturing involve?

5. What educational establishments train well-qualified specialists?

6. What sciences are taught to future specialists? 7. What is the task of highly-qualified specialists?

4. Match the correct words:

5. Complete the sentences with the correct word:

skills manufacture handicrafts, production specialists technologies craft, subjects

1.The needs grown constantly which resulted in appearing of different …

2.In the course of the historic development those … turned out into modern ...

3.The sphere of consumer goods … is provided by the branches of light industry.

4.This is a highly mechanized process handled by skilled production …

5.Special … and technologies are taught to senior students.

6.Students have to possess a lot of professional … and know-how.

7. Students have to know how to explore new tendencies in …

III Grammar skills.

1. Choose the correct form: active or passive.

1.This problem (discussed / was discussed) at the last meeting.

2.The program (transmitted / is transmitted) from the laboratory.

3.Those papers (covered / are covered) the problems of nuclear physics.

4.His speech (devoted / was devoted) to the problem of ecology.

5.He (will participate / will be participated) in the work of the conference.

6.The article (will discuss / will be discussed) at the lesson today.

7.The scientists (are still solving / are still being solved) this problem.

8.The conference (has stimulated / has been stimulated) interest in educational technology.

2. Transform the following sentences from Active into Passive Voice.

1. Somebody cleans the room every day. 2. People don’t use this road very often. 3. Someone has told Sally what happened. 4. They will build a new hospital. 5. We are solving the problem. 6. Someone was finishing the job. 7. Parents sent their child to University. 8. Our group is solving this problem.

3. Transform the following sentences from Passive into Active Voice.

1. By three o’clock everything had been prepared. 2. The dictation was written without mistakes. 3. Her dress was washed and ironed. 4. The papers had been looked through and corrected by the next lesson. 5. This house was built last year. 6. The letter has just been sent. 7. This article will be translated at the lesson on Tuesday. 8. When will this book be returned to the library?

4. Complete the sentences with by or with.

1. My desk was covered … papers.

2. These photos were taken … my sister.

3. These photos were taken … a very cheap camera. 4. The cake was made … dried fruit.

5. The cake was made … aunt.

6. The garage was painted … a new kind of paint. 7. The garage was painted … a friend of mine.

8. Millions of trees are destroyed ... pollution every year.

5.Put the words into correct word-order.

1.open, the door, been, has, left.

2.Betty, station, the, at, met, was.

3.questions, the, all, must, answered, be.

4.cleaned, aired, the, and, was, room.

5.by, Whom, written, letters, these, were?

6.Put the verb into the correct form: Active or Passive Voice.

1.The program (to transmit) from the laboratory.

2.These papers (to cover) the problems of educational technology.

3.The topic of the last conference (to be) very interesting.

4.It’s a big factory. Five hundred people (to employ) there.

5.The letter (to post) a week ago and it (to arrive) yesterday.

6.The park gates (to lock) at 6.30 p.m. every evening.

7.Water (to cover) most of the Earth’s surface.

8.Where (these photographs to take)? In London (you/to take) them?

7.Write questions using the Passive Voice.

1.Ask about Australia. (when / discover?)

2.Ask about silver. (what / use for?)

3.Ask about television (when / invent?)

4.Ask about our University (when / found?)

5.Ask about the conference (where / hold?)

6.Ask about the problem (when / discuss?)

7.Ask about the measurements (how / make?)

8.Ask about the experiment (where / carry out?)

8. Ask questions to which the following statements are the answers.

1.Foreign languages are taught at all faculties of the University.

2.A new computer program will be made in time.

3.All measurements are made with great accuracy.

4.Gold was discovered in California in 19th century.

5.We were advised not to go out alone.

6.The article is being translated now.

7.The doctor has already been sent for.

9. Translate into English using the verbs into Passive Voice.

1. Цей нарис було написано на тому тижні. 2. Цю вправу можна написати олівцем. 3. Телеграму відіслали пізно ввечері і він отримає її тільки рано вранці. 4. На цій фабриці роблять дуже красиві сумки. 5. Вас вже запросили на день народження? 6. Декан провів бесіду з усіма студентами. 7. Чи всі будуть мати залік з англійської мови? – Не знаю. Думаю що так. Ми сподіваємось, що до кінця семестру студенти вже матимуть залік. 8. Про цю проблему багато говорили на конференції.

IV Communicative skills.

1. Read the dialogs and reproduce them.

1)

Olga: Every girl wants to be nicely dressed. Some can make dresses for themselves; others will have to go to a fashion design studio to have their clothes made or buy ready-made clothes. And someone has to make them.

Nick: It’s not only women who like to wear nice clothes – men do, too. I think it’s nice to be able to make people happy by making them look beautiful, don’t you?

People, both men and women, will always want to be nicely dressed.

Olga: I fully agree with Nick. Dressmaking is just as important as any other occupation. Nick: Especially if you have a talent for it.

Kate: OK. You are right. Well-made, beautiful clothes make people happy.

2)

Shop-assistant: Good afternoon, madame! What can I do for you? Customer: I’d like to have a look at some fashionable dresses. Sh.-a.: We’ve got a big range of dresses. This way, madame.

C.: Are they in dark colours?

Sh.-a.: It depends. We have these models in several sizes and colours.

C.: Would you show me that dress over there. It matches my hair and eyes. How much does it cost?

Sh.-a.: It costs 200 hryvnas. You see it’s made of a natural fibre material. C.: I like it. I believe it will suit me best. May I try it on?

Sh.-a.: Please, go to booth No. 4, madame, for trying it on.

a fashionable dress – модна сукня

to have got a big range of dresses – мати великий вибір суконь

It depends – (тут) Як сказати

to match one’s hair and eyes – пасує до волосся та кольору очей

It’s made of a natural fibre material – воно пошито з натуральної тканини

It will suit me – воно мені пасуватиме to try on – приміряти

3)

Shop-assistant: What can I do for you, madame? Customer: I’d like to buy some shoes.

Sh.-a.: What size do you wear? C.: I believe it’s 25.

Sh.-a.: Then you should try them on, madame. This way, madame, please. Would you like casual or dressy ones?

C.: I’d like to buy some casual ones. Sh.-a.: Please, try on these shoes.

C.: Oh, yes. They fit very well, and they are very comfortable. Have you got them in black?

Sh.-a.: Yes, madame. We’ve got any colour. Here you are. C.: Thanks a lot.

Casual or dressy shoes – туфлі повсякденні або нарядні They fit very well – Вони (туфлі) підходять

Have you got them in black? – Чи є у вас чорні?

2. Speak on the following situations:

1.You come to a fashion design studio to order a suit. Discuss your order with a designer.

2.Your friend is going to buy a pair of shoes. But he/she finds it difficult to make the

right choice and asks you to follow him/her.

Use phrases:

What can I do for you?

I want to buy / I need / I am in want of ...

I want something like this ...

Will you please show me this ...?

No, that isn’t quite what I want.

This is just what I want / This is just the thing.

Let me try ... on.

Do I look all right? / Does it suit me?

It’s not to my taste.

What have you got of the latest designs (styles, fashions)?

It has come into fashion recently. It has gone out of fashion.

V Rendering

6. Read the text and translate it using a dictionary.

Information technologies in manufacturing

The present-day scientific and technological progress constantly brings changes in the organization of production, working conditions and its environment. It is impossible to imagine a process of production without complex automated systems.

Software helps computers to solve the problems of the technological processes. A computer operates a few thousand times faster than a human, and allows to produce the huge number of operations simultaneously.

At the enterprises of light industry software provides design of clothes, shoes, interior, etc. That is design in general, selection of materials, raw material, optimization of cut, lay out of patterns, design, analysis, etc. In other words, manufacturing computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacture provide engineers with tools to increase productivity through simulation of both product design and the manufacturing process.

A programmer who works at an enterprise has to take into accout all features of his manufacturing section. He has to know the final purpose of production. Possessing such knowledge, a programmer can develop optimum program to multiply functionality, simplicity and flexibility of manufacturing processes and reduce its expenditures and cost.

He must research the market of technologies and create programs to meet requirements of European standards. A programmer must also improve the equipment for creation of updated software and hardware. But the process of introduction and support of software is very intensive and is not as simple as it may seem. Therefore, in this sphere, well-trained and skilled specialists in information technologies will be in great demand.

2.Make up a plan of the text in a form of questions.

3.Give the summury of the text according to your plan in a written form.

VI Comprehensive skills.

1.Read and remember.

1.a sound knowledge – глибокі знання

2.fabrics – тканини

3.interior designer – дизайнер інтер’єру

4.textiles – текстиль

5.vegetable fibre – рослинні волокна

6.man-made yarn – штучна пряжа

7.rayon – штучний шовк; віскоза

2.Listen to the text “Textiles” and try to understand it.

3.True or false statements:

1.A sound knowledge of fabrics is unnecessary for interior designers.

2.Prehistoric man developed a great variety of techiques for making cloth.

3.Modern textiles are confined only to traditional yarns.

4.Listen to the text again and answer the following questions:

1.What knowledge is necessary for specialists of different branches of industry?

2.How long is the story of textiles?

3.What traditional yarns are still in use?

4.Are modern textiles confined only to traditional yarns?

5.What presents the weaver with almost endless possibilities for new effects?

The Passive Voice

Пасивний стан (Passive Voice) утворюється за допомогою допоміжного дієслова to be у відповідному часі активного стану і дієприкметника минулого часу (Participle II) відмінюваного дієслова.

to be + Participle II

Дієслово в пасивному стані означає дію, яка спрямована на підмет.