million buildings were destroyed. Clothes, coal and food were in short supply. Yet there were ample opportunities for new business ventures and fashion was no exception.
The first Christian Dior couture show was scheduled for 12 February 1947. Clothes were still scarce and women wore the sharp-shouldered suits with knee-length skirts. The Paris couture trade, which had dominated international fashion since the late 18th century, was in a precarious state. What it needed was excitement and Christian Dior delivered it in a collection of luxurious clothes with soft shoulders, wispy waists and full flowing skirts intended for what he called ‘flower women’.
COCO CHANEL
Gabrielle Bonheur ‘Coco’ Chanel (August 19, 1883 – January 10, 1971) was a pioneering French couturier whose modernist philosophy, menswear-inspired fashions, and pursuit of expensive simplicity made her arguably the most important figure in the history of 20th century fashion design.
Chanel herself mentioned constantly improved versions of her childhood. However, it seems certain that she was born as the second illegitimate daughter to the travelling salesman Albert Chanel and his lover Jeanne Devolle in the small city of Saumur, France. On 16 February 1895, when Gabrielle was 11 years old, her mother died; her father abandoned them a short time later. The young Gabrielle spent 7 years in the orphanage of the Catholic monastery of Aubazine, where she learned the trade of a seamstress. After affairs with generous wealthy men – a military officer and later an English industrialist – she was able to open a shop in Paris in 1910 selling ladies' hats, and within a year moved the business to the fashionable Rue Cambon. Her influence on haute couture was such that she was the only person in the field to be named on TIME Magazine's 100 most influential people of the 20th century.
The influential Chanel suit, launched in 1923, was an elegant suit comprising a knee-length skirt and trim, boxy jacket, traditionally made of woven wool with black trim and gold buttons and worn with large costume-pearl necklaces. Coco Chanel also popularized the little black dress, whose blank-slate versatility allowed it to be worn for day and evening, depending on how it was accessorized. Although unassuming black dresses existed before Chanel, the ones she designed were considered the haute couture standard. In 1923, she told ‘Harper's Bazaar’ that ‘simplicity is the keynote of all true elegance.’
She never married. For more than 30 years, Gabrielle Chanel made the Hôtel Ritz in Paris her home, even during the Nazi occupation of Paris. The House of Chanel in Paris, under Karl Lagerfeld, remains one of the top design houses today.
Quotes
∙‘Dress shabbily and they remember the dress; dress impeccably and they remember the woman.’
∙‘Fashion passes, style remains.’
∙‘Fashion is not simply a matter of clothes. Fashion is in the air, born upon the wind. One intuits it. It is in the sky and on the road.’
∙‘There are a lot of duchesses, but only one Coco Chanel.’ On commenting as to why she did not marry the Duke of Westminster.
∙‘I am Coco Chanel.’
∙‘I love myself.’
THE 1st INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC PRACTICAL CONFERENCE "ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE - 2000"
SEPTEMBER 11-16, 2000 KATSIVELI (CRIMEA, UKRAINE)
In 2000 the first international conference "Artificial Intelligence-2000" was held in Ukraine. The conference confirmed the working definitions of the intelligence and of the artificial intelligence. Here they are:
∙Intelligence is an aggregate of universal procedures that allows building the concrete algorithms of the solution of individual creative problems at the conscious level.
∙Intelligence is an algorithm of the problem solving formed by the consciousness.
∙Artificial intelligence is an algorithm of the problem solving formed by the artificial
consciousness.
In sunny Ukrainian Crimea the first international conference "Artificial Intelligence-2000" was organized in September, 11-16. Silence and the primeval nature made their beneficial influence upon the atmosphere of the conference, promoted the fruitful work of the scientists, their rest and creative contacts.
The first international conference "Artificial Intelligence-2000" is the international forum of the scientists who are specialized in the fields of mathematical cybernetics, theoretical informatics, computer engineering. It was directed on the exchange of the scientific experience, ideas and the methods of intelligent tasks solving One of the most important aims of the conference was the conducting of the meeting of the scientists from the different organizations connected with the solving of the intelligent tasks of the economy, ecology, regional direction and some other tasks that needed the usage of the computer methods of the intellectualization of the information processing. The next very important task was the discussion of the fundamental principles of the scientific knowledge formation in such difficult systems
like the man with his boundless opportunities of intellectual activity.
At the conference the exhibition was opened where the computer programs, intelligent games, computer intelligent systems, electronic text-books and the examples of the robots in action were represented to the participants of the conference.
The First International scientific and practical conference "Artificial Intelligence - 2000» went from September 11 till September 16, 2000 in Crimea, Ukraine. It was organized under the initiative of Donetsk State Institute of Artificial Intelligence, National Academy of Sciences (NAS) of Ukraine and Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine, Informatics Department of NAS of Ukraine, Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine. The conference went in the form of plenary, sectional meetings and discussions. Simultaneously with the work of the conference there was an exhibition of achievements in the field of soft-, hardware means of intelligent computer technologies and robotic systems building.
More than 100 well–known scientists, post-graduate students, young scientists, students, introducing scientific organizations and University centres of Ukraine, Russia, Bulgaria, Georgia, who have given interesting reports and workings took part in the conference.
On the plenary and sectional meetings of the conference 52 reports were heard, the numerous problems and questions as to the state and perspectives of modern development of computer technologies of high level intellectuality were affected.
Subject matter covered by working sections:
∙"Problems of artificial intelligence";
∙"Computerization of natural languages";
∙"Intelligent programs. Hardware, software means of support of artificial intelligence systems".
While discussing "Problem of artificial intelligence and artificial consciousness "
the conceptual problems of artificial intelligence forming were discussed, the wide discussion of such definitions as "intellect", "artificial intelligence", "consciousness", "artificial consciousness" was highlighted.
The conference has passed at high activity and the large interest of the participants.
It was stated the following:
1.The investigations and elaboration in the field of artificial intelligence, intelligent systems and computer technologies are actual and define, to a great extent, the main direction of modern world scientific progress.
2.One should pay attention to building of a new conceptual base of intelligent means, new generations of informational systems and robotics having engineering audition, vision, the possibilities of image recognition, and wide physical possibilities of movements.
3.It is necessary to perfect the terminological and conceptual device of scientific investigations, connected with building of artificial intelligence;
4.Modern mathematical basis of investigations and the available theoretical workings allow creating in the near future the modern means of high-parallel computing structures that are better than the foreign analogies according to their parameters.
5.The special attention should be paid to more intensive development of investigations and elaboration in the field of computer linguistics and computer technologies, connected with natural language dialogue of the man and machine within the framework of the International project "Computerization of natural languages".
THE EXPOCENTRE OF UKRAINE
The leading exhibition company of Ukraine functions since 1958. The Expocenter of Ukraine territory is the unique architectural ensemble of the pavilions that is harmonically composed with the landscape elements.
It is situated in the recreation area of the Holosievo forest in the south-west of the Ukrainian capital. Its territory covers 285 hectares. Closed exposition area is 44 thousand sq.metres; open exposition area is 10 thousand sq.m (1 Akademika Hlushkova ave.).
Over 100 international and national exhibitions and over than 300 exhibition shows are held at the Expocenter's territory. The national exhibition "Ukrainian regions purpose" and international wholesale fair "Light industry" are held annually since 2002.
Expocenter of Ukraine offers:
-exposition space in the pavilions and Palace;
-comfortable offices for long-term lease;
-modern exhibition equipment;
-concert, presentation and conference halls;
-press and media centers;
-advertisement and service provision;
-permanent security.
The Light Industry Exhibition is held in Kiev in September 6 - 9, 2005. We invite everybody to visit our exposition in the exhibition hall, where we present Pegasus trade mark. You will be able to look at the equipment, meet our company and PegasusEurope representatives there. We are ready to answer all questions on the equipment integration and maintenance.
The newest technological achievements of engineering and electric construction branches will be in the focus of attention at the exhibition.
“INTERNATIONAL TEXTILES-UKRAINE”
Along 70 years of its existence on the international market, “International Textiles” has become an invaluable asset for artists, couturiers, designers, and technologists of England, Portugal, Spain, countries of Latin America, and China. Today and provides expertise for the specialists of the whole world. Only “International Textiles” presents substantiated forecasts and market analyses; it is the source of information on up-to-date accessories, thread, fibre, and tendencies in fashion for the upcoming four (!) seasons (new fabrics, colours, trends in collections, styles). The exhibition presents detailed overviews of the biggest world textile exhibitions. It also shares comments on legislation, taxes, credit, and gives reviews on the whole range of textile products (men’s, women’s, and children’s cloth, body-cloth, accessories, fixings, textile for home and office). Additionally, the exhibition shares information about the footwear market.
The exhibition “International Textiles – Ukraine” will be held in September. It will be a great presentation of the leading world manufacturers in the field of textile innovations, styling of cloth collections, and design of interiors; the exhibition is an indispensable source of information for buyers, designers, and technologists. Due to dynamic development of domestic textile industry, the necessity in such an event has become vital.
The main emphasis will be made on:
-“International Textiles”,
-“Interior” (interior design),
-“Body wear” (trends in body-cloth fashion), and
-“Fashion Forecast” (forecasts of economic conditions on the markets of fashion goods) will be supplemented by the news from the Ukrainian fashion industry and the most crucial materials from the magazine “Industria mody”.
Welcome to the exhibition “International-Textiles-Ukraine”!
"FABRICS. THREADS. ACCESSORIES"
"FABRICS.THREADS.ACCESSORIES" is the specialized exhibition of wholesale contracts of the international level (25% of participants - the international companies representing more than 10 countries).
This business event reflects all sewing market of Ukraine in the world of materials, accessories, yarn, textile accessories, equipment, and goods for needlework.
Without it this market would be insufficiently advanced, according to the Department of Light Industry of the Ministry of Industrial Policy of Ukraine our exhibition is recognized the best in textile branch.
"FTA" evidently displays dynamics of development of proposition at the market of fabrics which, by the way, is not filled yet and opens opportunities for work at the market of fabrics, accessories, goods for needlework and, of course, machinery.
Any other Ukrainian exhibition has no such target audience - visitors and participants, the representatives of all large and small companies working with textile. Visitors came both from all regions of Ukraine, as from Baltic, Russia, the countries of the European Community, Asia, etc. The Exhibition has earned trust also each time pleasantly undermines confidence of some exhibitors of their "knowledge of all market" - they receive the new clients. Ukrainian market is growing very fast and it has a constant lack of materials - 95% of fabrics, yarn, all kind of threads are imported and there are still huge gaps in the assortment.
The event "FABRICS.THREADS.ACCESSORIES" answers three main key factors of success of exhibition business:
1.Reputation – exhibition "FTA" has magnificent reputation of a successful exhibition.
2.Scale - constantly growing exposition of exhibition and a new prestigious hall.
3.Constant participation of leading firms of the branch and expansion of their exposition.
Connection of new participants.
The organizing committee of exhibition constantly offers your attention interesting special projects in frameworks of "FTA":
All-Ukrainian competition of designers' sketches of industrial clothes collections
All-Ukrainian exhibition-competition of embroidery and author needlework
Scientific and technical conferences
THE 3rd COMPETITION OF DESIGNERS’ SKETCHES
Within the framework of the International specialized exhibition «FABRICS.THREADS.ACCESSORIES» constantly pass interesting and progressive projects.
One of such projects - All-Ukrainian competition of design sketches.Students of profile high schools, artists and fashion designers take part in competition. Everyone presents the portfolio of a fashion designer and, after preliminary selection by art council, exposes the best works.
To consideration sketches of models prêt-a-porter of all kinds of clothes are accepted. The main requirement of competition - sketches should contain novelty of idea and in the best way reflect author's inventiveness. Sketches can be executed in any techniques.
Winners of competition receive the following opportunities:
Training in leading sewing companies of Ukraine;
The publication of the sketches in leading specialized Ukrainian magazines "STUDIO", «Light Industry», «Sewing business»;
The best sketches are placed in a photo gallery on a site of the Promotion - centre «Ukrainian podium and on a site of Guild of manufacturers of clothes;
All participants receive memorable gifts (complete sets of a fabrics and accessories).
The jury is formed by directors and professional designers of conducting Ukrainian garment factories, houses of a fashion, trade magazines and design associations.
Ability to represent the ideas on a paper is the integral characteristic of skill and professionalism of any designer.
The following competition will take place on June, 8-10 2005 in International Exhibition Centre (Kiev, Ukraine) within the framework of exhibition "Fabrics.Threads.Accessories".
We invite all wishing to try their forces and to present the works on competition.
FTA EXHIBITION
The ministry Industrial Policy of Ukraine and the Department of Light Industry still consider, that "... the most effective exhibition event which favours the development of the branch, the formation of the market of materials for manufacture of clothes, reflects demand of the industrial equipment - the International specialized exhibition "FABRICS. THREADS. ACCESSORIES", Kiev".
Management of light industry recommends the enterprises, companies and private persons both participation, and visiting the exhibition "FABRICS.THREADS.ACCESSORIES".
In our database -there are the majority of Ukrainian companies sewing all kinds of clothes of - all of them are visitors of "FTA". 2,5 % are presented by large factories with the new equipment or investments as the equipment; 97,5 % - enterprises - manufacturers of clothes. This is a tomorrow's reserve of consumers of the equipment and materials.
Visitors of "FTA" come from all regions of Ukraine, as well as from Baltic and Russia. The exhibition has earned the trust. A commentary of company "Bront" (equipment): "we thought, that we knew whole market, but the exhibition had convinced us of the opposite ".
The area of the exposition has grown on 25 % in comparison with the previous exhibition. About a quarter of the exposition has been made up of the foreign companies. 93 companies from 12 countries have taken part in the work of last exhibition: Spain, Italy, Czech Republic, Germany, Pakistan, India, Korea, Turkey, Poland, Lithuania, Russia, Ukraine.
BBC WORLD SERVICE
This is Bush House in London, headquarters of the BBC World Service. From this building the BBC broadcasts radio programmes to the whole world.
The World Service used to be called ‘The Empire Service’. When it started in 1932, it broadcast only in English and provided news and information to people in the British colonies.
The announcers used formal English and used to speak very slowly and clearly. After six o’clock they used to change into dinner-jackets to read the news.
In the 1930s Hitler and Mussolini started broadcasting propaganda to the Middle
East.
So in 1938 the World Service also started broadcasting to the Middle East, in Arabic, to counteract the influence of the fascist propaganda. Very soon the BBC was broadcasting to all the countries occupied by the Nazis.
During the Second World War the BBC reported British defeats as well as British victories, and so it got a reputation for honesty and accuracy. After the war the BBC continued its foreign language broadcasts, and to this day broadcasts the news in thirty-nine languages.
Here in the Newsroom a hundred and forty journalists work day and night, writing two hundred news bulletins every twenty-four hours.
Every news story is checked at least twice before it is broadcast. The BBC will not broadcast a story until it is sure that it’s true.
When President Gorbachev was put under house arrest in the Soviet Union in 1991, he said that he learnt the truth about what was happening in his country by listening to the BBC World Service.
This means the World Service is not always popular with governments. For example, the former Soviet Union jammed the broadcasts for many years so that it was difficult for Soviet people to listen to the BBC news. Even the British Government was very angry when the World Service broadcast a speech criticizing the Government during the Suez crisis in 1956.
The BBC is the world’s largest international broadcaster. Every week, one hundred and thirty million people listen to BBC World Service radio. In 1992 the World Service started broadcasting television programmes, too, via satellite, to Europe, Asia and Africa. Now people in countries all around the world can see as well as hear the news from the BBC.
PREHISTORY OF TECHNOLOGIES
Tools are objects other than the parts of our own bodies that we use to help us do our work. Technology is nothing more than the use of tools. When you use a screwdriver, a hammer, or an axe, you are using technology just as much as when you use an automobile, a television set, or a computer.
We tend to think of technology as a human invention. But the reverse is closer to the truth. Stone tools found along with fossils show that our ape-like ancestors were already putting technology to use. The clever rather than the strong inherited the earth.
Most of the tools we have invented have aided our bodies rather than our minds. These tools help us lift and move and cut and shape. Only quite recently, for the most part, we developed tools to aid our minds as well.
The tools for communication, from pencil and paper to television, are designed to serve our minds. These devices transmit information or preserve it, but they do not modify it in any way.
Our interest lies with machines that classify and modify information rather than merely transmitting it or preserving it. The machines that do this are the computers and the calculators, the so-called mind tools. The widespread use of machines for information processing is a modern development. But simple examples of information-