- •English for future economists
- •N.A. Shpak
- •O.L. Shevchenko
- •Передмова
- •I. Practise the pronunciation of the following words.
- •II. Before you read answer the following questions.
- •III. Read and memorize the following words and word —combinations.
- •IV. Text а
- •V. Give the English equivalents of the following.
- •VI. Fill in the gaps with the words and expressions from the text a.
- •VII. Find pairs of words as they occur in the text.
- •VIII. Answer the following questions.
- •IX. Match the following terms with their definitions.
- •X. Fill in the gaps with the words from the list.
- •XI. Translate into English.
- •XII. Match the equivalents before reading.
- •XIII. Text b
- •XIV. Find in the text.
- •XV. Find the words in the text that mean.
- •XVI. Translate the following into Ukrainian.
- •XVII. Text c
- •XVIII. Answer the following questions.
- •XX. Add an appropriate preposition to each of the following sentences where indicated.
- •XXI. Study the following words and word-combinations. What are their Ukrainian equivalents?
- •XXII. Translate the following sentences into Ukrainian.
- •XXIII. Study the following words and word combinations. Make your own sentences to describe different trends of economic development.
- •Increase, raise, put up, step up, extend, expand, rise, grow, soar, boom;
- •II. Before you read answer the following questions.
- •III. Read and memorize the words and word — combinations.
- •IV. Text а Traditional Economy
- •V. Find English equivalents.
- •VI. Find the synonyms among the following words.
- •VII. Find the antonyms.
- •VIII. Complete the sentences:
- •IX. Describe the traditional economy.
- •X. Text в Command Economy
- •XI. Translate the following words and word-combinations:
- •XII. Find the equivalents in the text.
- •XIII. Read and translate the definitions.
- •XIV. Complete the sentences:
- •XV. Describe the command economy.
- •XVI. Text c Market Economy
- •XVII. Find the equivalents in the text:
- •XVIII. Complete the following sentences:
- •XIX. Fill in the gaps with the given words.
- •XX. Describe the market economy.
- •XXI. Text d
- •XXIV. Put questions to the sentences of the exercise XXIII.
- •XXV. Answer the questions.
- •I. Practise the pronunciation of the following words.
- •V. Answer the following questions.
- •VI. Give English equivalents for the following Ukrainian words and word-
- •VII. Match the term from the left-hand column with its definition from
- •VIII. What kind of industry do you work in?
- •IX. A) What kind of service do you render?
- •X. Choose one or more of the following products and describe (in as much
- •XI. Read a magazine article about James Dyson's product and complete it with suitable words from the box.
- •XII. Read the sentences and supply the missing vowels for each adjective.
- •XIII. Complete the text with the best word. The life cycle of a product
- •XIV. Listen to a sales manager presenting a product to some buyer. Which of
- •XV. Presenting a product. Complete the text with words from the box.
- •XVI. Look at these advertisements. Correct any mistakes in the order of the adjectives.
- •Items for sale
- •XVII. Translate into English.
- •XVIII. Text в Factors of production
- •XIX. Answer the following questions.
- •XX. Join the halves.
- •XXI. Read the following sentences and say if they are true or false.
- •Unit IV
- •I. Practise the pronunciation of the following words.
- •II. Before reading the text answer the following questions.
- •III. Read and memorize the following words and word- combinations.
- •IV. Text а Demand
- •V. Match the terms on the left with their Ukrainian equivalents on the right.
- •VI. Answer the following questions.
- •VII. Make up your own 5 sentences using word combinations from Ex.VI
- •IX. Choose the correct answer.
- •X. Translate into English.
- •XI. Text в Supply and market price
- •XII. Answer the following questions.
- •XIII. Re-read the text to find out which of the following statements are correct.
- •XIV. Match the following English word combinations with their Ukrainian
- •XV. Choose the correct answer.
- •2. When university students leave for the summer holiday, the demand for meals at the local cafe declines. This results in:
- •4. A shift of supply is defined as a change in the:
- •XVI. Text c Why prices are important in a market economy
- •XVII. Match the synonyms.
- •XVIII. Find Ukrainian equivalents for the following phrases.
- •XIX. Act as an interpreter for a. And b.
- •IV. Text a
- •VI. Find in the text the English equivalents of the following.
- •VII. Fill the gaps with the words from the list.
- •Inefficient and frustrating, commodities, inventions, money, coincidence, shapes and sizes, overcome, precious metals.
- •VIII. Match the following words with their definitions.
- •IX. Answer the following questions.
- •X. Read and memorize the words and word-combinations.
- •XI. Text b
- •XII. Match the equivalents of the following words.
- •XIII. Find the English equivalents of the following.
- •XIV. Complete the sentences.
- •XV. Answer the following questions.
- •XVI. Read and memorize the following words.
- •XVII. Text c
- •XVIII. Match the equivalents of the following words.
- •XIX. Find the word with opposite meaning.
- •XX. Match the synonym.
- •XXI. Put the words in correct order and make the sentences.
- •XXII. Complete the sentences with the words from the list.
- •XXIII. Choose the correct alternative to complete the sentences:
- •I. Practise the pronunciation of the following words.
- •II. Before reading the text answer the following questions.
- •III. Read and memorize the words and word-combinations.
- •IV. Text a
- •VI. Match the equivalents of the following words.
- •VII. Fill the gaps with the words from the list.
- •VIII. Answer the following questions.
- •IX. Read and memorize the words and word-combinations.
- •XI. Text b
- •Investment Banks
- •XI. Translate the words and word-combinations according to the text.
- •XII. Match the equivalents of the following words.
- •XIII. Match the synonyms.
- •XIV. Complete the sentences.
- •XV. Answer the following questions.
- •XVI. Read, translate and memorize the following statements.
- •Unit VII
- •IV. Answer the following questions.
- •V. Give English equivalents for the following Ukrainian words and word-combinations.
- •VI. Find equivalents.
- •VII. Complete the sentences with words from the box.
- •VIII. Translate into English.
- •IX. Practise the pronunciation of the following words.
- •X. Before you read the text answer the following questions.
- •XI. Read and memorize the words and word-combinations.
- •XII. Text b What is accounting
- •XIII. Answer the questions on the text above.
- •XV. Match the following terms with their definitions.
- •XVI. Fill the blanks with proper prepositions or adverbs if necessary.
- •XVII. Write derivatives of the following verbs.
- •XVIII. Act as an interpreter for s. And a.
- •XIX. Translate into English.
- •XX. Before reading and translating the text memorize the following words and
- •XXI. Text c The work of accountants
- •XXII. Find the equivalents.
- •XXIII. Fill in the blanks from the words below. Translate the sentences into Ukrainian.
- •XXIV. Text d What is auditing
- •I. Practise the pronunciation of the following words.
- •II. Before you read answer the following questions:
- •III. Read and memorize the words and word —combinations:
- •IV. Text а Management and Managers
- •VI. Match the word — combinations with their translations.
- •VII. Fill in the gaps according to the text principals.
- •VIII. Read and translate the following statements.
- •IX. Answer the following questions.
- •X. Translate into English.
- •XI. Make your own plan of the text.
- •XII. Text в Kinds of Managers
- •XIII. Complete the sentences according to the text.
- •XIV. Match the following terms with their definitions.
- •XV. Put the words in order and make the sentences.
- •XVI. Answer the following questions:
- •XVII. Text c Management Skills
- •XVIII. Translate the following words and word-combinations.
- •XX. Complete the following sentences according to the text.
- •XXI. Translate into English.
- •Unit IX
- •I. Practise the pronunciation of the following words.
- •II. Before you read answer the following questions.
- •III. Read and memorize the following words and word- combinations.
- •IV. Text а What is marketing
- •V. Give the English equivalents of the following.
- •VI. Match the following terms their definitions.
- •VII. Answer the following questions.
- •VIII. Use the following phrases to complete the conversation.
- •IX. Translate into English.
- •X. Text в Universal marketing functions
- •XI. Tick t (true) or f (false) sentences.
- •XII. Work out the table to show basic marketing functions.
- •XIII. Fill in the gaps with words from the list.
- •XIV. Find words in the text above which go with these definitions.
- •XV. Translate into Ukrainian in written form. Production Life Cycle
- •Can you give any example illustrating four stages of product life?
- •XVI. Text c
- •XVII. Answer the following questions.
- •XVIII . Explain, in your own words, the following terms.
- •XX. Think of the nouns that are commonly used with the following verbs.
- •XXI. Logically organize the following sentences to make up the text. The first sentence is given to you.
- •I. Practise the pronunciation of the following words.
- •II. Before you read the text answer the questions.
- •III. Read and memorize the words and word combinations.
- •IV. Text а Advertising
- •V. Read the statements and decide if they are true or false or if the statement gives information that is not provided in the text.
- •VI. Look at the words in the box below. Label each item: 1 - for advertising media, 2 - for method of advertising , 3- for verbs to do with advertising:
- •VII. Choose the most suitable word from the words in brackets to complete these sentences:
- •IX. Read, translate and learn by heart 10 phrases very often used in the
- •X. Read some catchphrases from advertising and identify which of the
- •XI. Translate into English.
- •XII. Complete the following sentences.
- •XII. Text b Consumer behaviour from the advertising perspective
- •XIII. Answer the following questions.
- •XIV. Study the following word-combinations. What are their Ukrainian equivalents?
- •XV. Translate the sentences into Ukrainian.
- •XVI. Text c Public relations
- •XVII. Read the following passage attentively. Fill in the gaps with the words:
- •XVIII. The key-words of the following text are the derivatives to the word
- •XIX. Make up the sentences. The first word of each sentence is given to you.
- •XX. Translate into Ukrainian in written form.
- •Part two
- •Texts for supplementary reading
- •The Field of International Business
- •Types of International Business
- •International Managers
- •Text 4 recruiting
- •Text 5 employee motivation
- •Text 6 case analysis
- •Text 7 problem solving
- •Text 8 meetings
- •During the meeting:
- •Text 10
- •International marketing
- •Text 11 cultural environment
- •Alternatives for international operations
- •Text 13 designing an international marketing program
- •Text 15 bretton woods
- •Text 16 how does a swiss bank account work?
- •Text 17 career opportunities in banking
- •Text 18
- •The role of banks in theory
- •Text 19
- •Text 20 Money Laundering
- •Types of loans made by banks
- •Text 22 careers in finance
- •Part three
- •I. Present Simple or Present Continuous
- •1. Choose the correct form of the verb.
- •II. Present Perfect
- •1. Put the verbs in brackets into Present Perfect.
- •3. Choose the correct form of the verb.
- •III. Present Perfect or Past Simple
- •1. Choose the correct form of the verb.
- •IV. Past Perfect
- •1. Make questions and negative sentences.
- •2 . Make sentences into Past Perfect using the following words.
- •3. Put the verbs in brackets into Past Perfect or Past Indefinite.
- •4. Link parts of the sentence using the words in brackets.
- •5. Put the verbs in brackets into Past Simple, Present Perfect or Past Perfect.
- •V. Future Perfect
- •VII. Past Perfect Continuous
- •1. Put the verbs in brackets into Past Perfect or Past Perfect Continuous.
- •2. Put the verbs in brackets into Present Perfect, Past Perfect, Present Perfect Continuous or Past Perfect Continuous.
- •VIII. Future Perfect Continuous
- •1. Put the verbs in brackets into Future Continuous or Future Perfect Continuous.
- •2. Put the verbs in brackets into Future Perfect or Future Perfect Continuous.
- •IX. Modal Verbs
- •1. Match halves of sentences using can.
- •If you you can
- •2. Put the words in order to make questions.
- •3. Make sentences with may or might using words in brackets.
- •4. Make questions using may, can or could.
- •5. Complete the sentences using must or have to (has to, had to, will have to).
- •6. Using have to, don’t have to, must not complete the sentences which are true
- •А) for your work:
- •Б) for your country:
- •7. Give recommendations or advice using should, shouldn’t or ought to with
- •8. Complete the sentences with appropriate modals.
- •1. Link together the halves and make sentences using Present Participle.
- •2. Rewrite the sentence using Past Participle.
- •3. Choose the appropriate form of the Participle.
- •XI. Gerund
- •1. Use Gerund with an appropriate proposition instead of the verb into brackets.
- •2. Fill the gaps with an appropriate form of the verb.
- •XII. Infinitive
- •2. Put the sentences into Present Perfect.
- •3. Rewrite the sentences using Objective Infinitive Complex.
- •4. Rewrite the sentences using Subjective Infinitive Complex.
- •XIII. Conditionals
- •1. Match the sentence halves 1-8 and a-h using Conditionals.
- •2. Make the sentence using Conditional I (What will you do?).
- •3. Imagine future situation using Conditional II (What would happen).
- •4. Put the verbs in the brackets into correct form using Conditional II.
- •5. Put the verbs in the brackets into correct form using Conditional III.
- •6. Choose the correct form of the verb.
- •XIV. Passive Voice
- •1. Link together appropriate parts of the sentence.
- •3. Put the verbs in brackets into the Simple or Continuous Passive.
- •4. Put the verbs in brackets into the Perfect Passive.
- •5. Rewrite these sentences in Passive.
- •XV. Reported Speech
- •1. Write the reported sentences.
- •2. Make the sentences using the following words.
- •3. Complete the reported sentences.
- •4. Make the reported questions.
- •5. Choose the correct form the verb.
- •Level а2
- •Test 1
- •Test 2
- •Test 4
- •Test 5
- •Test 6
- •Test 7
- •Test 8
- •Test 10
- •Test 11
- •Test 12
- •Test 13
- •Test 14
- •Test 15
- •Test 16
- •Test 17
- •Test 18
- •Test 19
- •Test 20
- •Part four
- •Successful writing
- •Techniques to begin your story
- •Techniques to end your story
- •Useful Vocabulary
- •English for future economists
II. Present Perfect
1. Put the verbs in brackets into Present Perfect.
He … (work) as an air traffic controller for three years.
Pierre and Lucien … (change) jobs frequently.
Laura and Stella both … (apply) for the same job.
Anna … (have) several jobs since leaving university.
He … (be) twice to Central Asia.
The company …already … (sell) its best software.
She … just … (arrange) seminar for the graduate recruits.
They …already … (create) a new model that outperforms the old one.
We … (not/find) a talented person for this position yet.
The director … (not/make) better communication between out head office and local branches.
The sales of the company … (not/increase) since November.
He … (not/have) any experience in marketing yet.
2. Make questions and answer them.
Model: Has Francois ever worked in a bank? – No, he hasn’t.
… all the candidates for the interview … (arrive)? – Yes, … .
What about these candidates? … they ever … (manage) a project? – No, …
… you … (call) a job agency? – No, …
… you and Luis … (receive) a reply yet? – Well, Luis …, but I’m afraid I … .
… you and Tim ever … (have) difficulties getting along with Mr. Dumas? – No, …
… he … (know) you for a long time? – Yes, … .
… she … (leave) the company yet? – No, … .
How … you … (change) over the last five years?
9. What other jobs … he … (apply) for lately?
10. What reports … you … (read) yet?
How many e-mails … she … (write) today?
What kind of people … you … (work) with?
What sort of bosses … she … (have)?
What … they … (learn) from their other jobs?
What sort of problems … you … (deal) with?
3. Choose the correct form of the verb.
… you ever … Beijing?
has … been c) have … visit
b) have … visited d) has … visiting
2. He … many jobs in his life time.
have done c) hasn’t … does
b) has done d) has … did
3. This is the first time we … ever … a complaint.
has … had c) have … receiving
b) have … receive d) have … received
4. … she … what to do yet?
has … decided c) had … decided
b) hasn’t … decided d) haven’t … decided
5. We … a good year so far.
a) have had c) has had
b) haven’t had d) have … have
6. I … already … a word with the Chief Accountant.
have … have c) haven’t … had
b) has … had d) have … had
7. We … rapidly over the last few years.
have grown c) have … grew
b) haven’t grow d) has grown
8. I … never … the Niagara Falls.
hasn’t … seen c) has … seen
b) haven’t seen d) have … seen
9. It’s the second time we … .
haven’t meet c) have met
b) has met d) have meet
10. He … vice-president for 10 years.
has be c) hasn’t … had
b) has been d) have been
11. Our fax number …
have changed c) haven’t changed
b) has changed d) hasn’t changed
12. We … just … our prices.
have … lowered c) haven’t … lowered
b) has … lower d) have … lower
13. They … their website.
hasn’t update c) haven’t update
b) have update d) have updated
14. The government … a decrease in corporation tax.
have announced c) hasn’t announce
b) has announce d) has announced
15. IT … up company structures.
have shaken c) was shaken
b) hasn’t shake d) has shaken
16. He … the same job since 1996.
has had c) has been
b) have had d) had had
17. Telcom Italia … its chief executive to complete negotiations over the
company’s plans.
a)have asked c) haven’t ask
b) has ask d) has asked
18. She … just … a new sales strategy.
have … plan c) haven’t … planned
b) has … planned d) hasn’t … planned
19. I’ll leave as soon as I …
have finished c) has finished
b) have finish d) haven’t finished
20. … he ever … economics?
Has … study c) Had … studied
b) Have … study d) Has … studied