Multiple Choice

1. Paula has given up (smoke).

a) to smoke

b) smoking

c) having smoked

d) smoke

2. I promised (come) in time.

a) to come

b) having come

c) come

d) to be coming

3. I saw him yesterday. He seems (lose) weight.

a) losing

b) to have lost

c) to lose

d) to have been losing

4. Let me (carry) your bag.

a) to carry

b) carrying

c) carry

d) having carried

5. I don’t enjoy (dance) very much.

a) to dance

b) dance

c) dancing

d) having danced

6. It was so funny. I couldn’t help (laugh).

a) laughing

b) laugh

c) to laugh

d) being laughed

7. Would you mind (close) the door, please?

a) close

b) closing

c) to close

d) closed

8. I’d prefer (get) a taxi.

a) getting

b) get

c) to get

d) having got

9. He is very good at (learn) languages.

a) to learn

b) learn

c) being learnt

d) learning

10. Nick is used to (live) alone.

a) live

b) having lived

c) to be living

d) living

11. John insisted on (pay) for the meal.

a) to pay

b) having paid

c) paying

d) being paid

12. It’s no use (worry) about it.

a) worrying

b) to worry

c) to have worried

d) worry

13. I had difficulty (get) a permission.

a) to get

b) having got

c) got

d) getting

14. Let’s go to the pool (have) a swim.

a) to have

b) having

c) had

d) having had

15. Tom was surprised (see) you last week.

a) seeing

b) to see

c) having seen

d) see

16. I prevented them from (make) the same mistake.

a) make

b) to make

c) having made

d) making

17. Did you notice anyone (go out)?

a) to go out

b) go out

c) going out

d) to have gone out

18. (Finish) her work, she came home.

a) finished

b) having finished

c) to finish

d) to have finished

19. She denied (go) there.

a) to go

b) to have gone

c) to have been going

d) going

20. He pretended (listen) attentively.

a) to listen

b) listening

c) to be listening

d) having listened

21. Do you know how (get) to Nick’s house?

a) getting

b) get

c) having got

d) to get

22. Ann was made (open) her suitcase.

a) open

b) opening

c) having opened

d) to open

23. I remember (lock) the door.

a) locking

b) to lock

c) having locked

d) to be locking

24. – The car won’t start.

– Try (turn) the key.

a) to turn

b) turning

c) to be turning

d) turn

25. The coat is dirty. It needs (clean).

a) to clean

b) to have been cleaned

c) cleaning

d) cleaned

26. I wouldn’t like (be) a dentist.

a) be

b) being

c) to be

d) to have been

27. I bought a new car instead of (fly) to Africa.

a) to fly

b) fly

c) having flown

d) flying

28. I’m looking forward to (see) you again.

a) to see

b) to have seen

c) seeing

d) seen

29. He doesn’t approve of (drink) hot beverages.

a) to drink

b) to be drinking

c) drinking

d) having drunk

30. She was busy (work) in the garden.

a) working

b) to work

c) to be working

d) having worked

Literature

1. Allsop J. Student’s English Grammar. – New York, 1992.

2. Chalker S. Current English Grammar. – London, 1990.

3. Close R. A Reference Grammar for Students of English – Longman, 1975.

4. Ganshina M. and Vasilevskaya N. An English Grammar. – M., 1954.

5. Єфімов Л. П. До перекладу синтаксичних конструкцій сучасної української мови англійською з використанням форм умовного способу. – Горлівка, 1997.

6. Зыкова О. А. и др. Английский язик для студентов языковых вузов. – Киев, 2002.

7. Kaushanskaya V. L. An English Grammar. – M., 2000.

8. Kobrina N. A. et al. An English Grammar. Morphology. – St. Petersburg, 2000.

9. Krylova I. P., Gordon E. M. A Grammar of Present –day English: Practical Course. – M., 1999.

10. Крылова И. П. Сборник упражнений по грамматике английского языка. – М., 1978.

11. Крутиков Ю. А. и др. Упражнения по грамматике современного английского языка. – М., 1971

12. Natanzon E. A. Practical English Grammar by Correspondence. – M., 1973

13. Swan M. Practical English Usage. – Oxford, 1980.

14. Swan M., Walter C. How English Works. – Oxford, 1997.

15. Терентьев П. В. Косвенные наклонения в современном английском языке. – Горловка, 1996.

16. Туголукова Г. И, Голубева Л. К. и др. Неличные формы глагола. Практикум по грамматике английского языка. – М., 2004.

16. Vince M. et al. Advanced Language Practice. English Grammar and Vocabulary. – Oxford, 2003.

17. Шевцова С. В. и др. Учебник английского языка для II курса. – М., 1984.

18. Черноватий Л. М. та ін. Практична граматика англійської мови з вправами. – Вінниця, 2005.

19. Ягодникова О.Г., Дрига Л.П., Шамрай Л.А., Батурина Е.А. Грамматика английского глагола в таблицах. Неличные формы глагола в таблицах. – К., 1989.

1 If the principal clause expresses possibility (It is probable, possible, likely) may(might) + infinitive is used, e. g.: It is likely the weather may change. It is possible the key may be lost.

In negative and interrogative sentences, however, should + infinitive is used, e. g,: It is not possible that he should have guessed it. Is it possible that he should refuse to come?

2 If a phrase denoting fear is followed by an object clause introduced by the conjunction “that” or asyndetically, a modal phrase is used in the subordinate clause may/might/can/could + infinitive. The choice of may/can or might/could depends on the tense of the verb in the main clause, e. g.: They trembled (that) they might/could be discovered. She is uneasy (that) the timetable can/may have been changed because of the professor’s illness.

3 After the conjunctions that, so that, in order that, so the modal phrases are used may/might/can/could + infinitive, e. g.: I tell you this so that you may/can understand the situation. She left the lamp on the window – sill so that he could/might see it from afar.

4 Conditional clauses of this type are sometimes joined to the main clause asyndetically, by means of inversion, e. g.: Should he ask for references, tell him to apply to me. Should anything change, you will return home.

5 Л. М. Черноватий, В. І. Карабан, І. Ю. Набокова, В. О. Дмитренко, О. В. Ребрій, С. Г. Мащенко. Практична граматика англійської мови з вправами. – Вінниця: Нова книга, 2005.

6 To make the sentence more emphatic you can use the modal verb would + infinitive after an expression of wish but only if the subjects in both clauses are different and if the wish refers to the present and the future.

E. g. I wish you would go there at once. I wish you would not interfere. Such wishes are emotional but not very hopeful.

7 The modal verbs can, may, will are freely used in the Subjunctive II Mood to express unreality in conditional, object and concessional clauses, e. g.: If she would help us, we would sooner be free. I wish I could have translated this article without a dictionary. Even though he might be tired, we should continue our work.

8 The actions in the main and subordinate clauses may have different time – reference, if the sense of the clauses requires it. Sentences of this kind are said to have split condition. The unreal condition may refer to the past and the consequence - to the present or future, e. g.: If we hadn’t been such fools, we should all still be together. How much better I could write now if in my youth I had had the advantage of sensible advice!(patternIII)

The condition may refer to no particular time, and the consequence may refer to the past. She wouldn’t have told me her story if she disliked me. John wouldn’t have lost the key unless he were so absent – minded.(pattern IV)

9 Adverbial clauses of condition containing the verbs had, were and could are often introduced without any conjunction. In these cases we find inversion, e. g.: Were I Prime – minister, I should spend more money on education. Had he got a message, he would have let us know. Mary would indeed have been very grateful to Miss Dunstable, could she have known all that lady did for her.

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