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Ijh\_jvl_ k_[y

1) Kf aZ^Zgb_ gZ k MdZaZgu ghf_jZ ij_^eh`_gbc

,Lbj_ klZ\blky

Lbj_ g_ klZ\blky

,, =em[hdZy j_qv lboZ agZxsbc q_eh\_d kdjhf_g Mf ² h^_`^Z dhlhjZy gbdh]^Z g_ baghkblky AgZgb_ ² jh^gbd dhlhjuc gbdh]^Z g_ bkq_jiZ_rv Fgh]h a\_a^²mdjZr_gb_ g_[Z fgh]h agZgbc²mdjZr_gb_ mfZ

AZ ]hjhx _klv _s_ ]hju aZ fm^j_phf _klv _s_ fm^j_p >jm`[Z k ohjhrbf q_eh\_dhf²emgguc k\_l ^jm`[Z k iehobf²af_bguc y^ LmqZf khegpZ g_ aZdjulv \hcg_ fbjZ g_ ih[_^blv

III. Bfy l\h_²ilbpZ \ jmd_

Bfy l\h_²ev^bgdZ gZ yaud_

H^gh _^bgkl\_ggh_ ^\b`_gb_ ]m[

Bfy l\h_²iylv [md\

Fyqbd ihcfZgguc gZ e_lm

K_j_[jyguc [m[_g_p \h jlm

2) Kf aZ^Zgb_ gZ k Jbfkdbfb pbnjZfb mdZaZgu ghf_jZ l_dklh\

, Lbj_ \h \lhjhf b lj_lv_f ij_^eh`_gbyo ,, ,,, Lbj_ \h \k_o ij_^eh`_gbyo

3) Kf aZ^Zgb_ gZ k

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;uklju_ gh]b aZcpZ ² _]h _^bgkl\_ggh_ Fgh]b_ af_b kh\k_f g_

«jZkkdZaZe qlh \medZg²wlh hq_gv«hiZkghklv ihlhfm qlh ghkhjh]² wlh \_kvfZ agZeb qlh kehg²kZfuc

***

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81

JZkklZ\vl_ agZdb ij_ibgZgby \ l_dklZo

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JZ[hlm ij_h^he_\Zxl mf_gb_f ljm^ghklb kh]eZkb_f

=\ha^v [_j_`_l ih^dh\m ih^dh\Z dhgy dhgv ojZ[j_pZ ojZ[j_p hlqbagm

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Ihkeh\bpu

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,9 M fgh]bo gZjh^h\ p\_lu bf_xl kbf\hebq_kdbc kfuke H^gb p\_lu hebp_l\hjyxl kqZklv_ ^jm]b_ i_qZev G_dhlhju_ p\_lu k\yaZgu k ihwlbq_kdbf ij_^klZ\e_gb_f h p_ehc kljZg_ OjbaZgl_fu \uau\Zxl \ \hh[jZ`_gbb Yihgbx ehlhk Bg^bx Z lxeviZgu =heeZg^bx

Ba ]Za_l

Ijh\_jvl_ k_[y kf hl\_l gZ k

82

Ljm^gh eb kqblZlv ^h iylb ?

=eZ\Z V

©B ]jZffZlbdZ imklbeZkv

k Zjbnf_lbdhc ieykZlvª

KbglZdkbq_kdbc kq_l

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: K Imrdbg

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G : G_djZkh\

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83

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F X E_jfhglh\

Ijh\_jvl_ k_[y kf hl\_l gZ k

=jZffZlbq_kdbc kq_l \ mf_ lZd `_ dZd b fZl_fZlbq_kdbc lj_[m_l lj_gbjh\db JZa\blv \ k_[_ kihkh[ghklv kqblZlv ij_^eh`_gby fh`gh ^\mfy imlyfb I_j\uc imlv ² kZfbf qblZlv ih dgb]_ b jZa[bjZlv keh`gu_ ij_^eh`_gby \_^v jZa[hj \ i_j\mx hq_j_^v lj_[m_l \uykg_gby ijhklh_ ij_^eh`_gb_ beb keh`gh_ Z _keb keh`gh_ lh kdhevdh \ g_f ijhkluo <lhjhc imlv ² kq_l ij_^eh`_gbc \hkijbgbfZ_fuo gZ kemo dh]^Z qblZ_l dlh lh ^jm]hc Wlh b _klv kh[kl\_ggh kq_l \ mf_

DZdh\u ij_bfms_kl\Z kq_lZ \ mf_" <k_ mf_gby dhlhju_ \u ijbh[j_lZ_l_ jZ[hlZy k l_dklhf gZoh^ysbfky i_j_^ ]eZaZfb ohjhrb lhevdh lh]^Z dh]^Z \u jZkklZ\ey_l_ agZdb ij_ibgZgby \ mijZ`g_gbyo \ dhlhjuo hgb ki_pbZevgh ijhims_gu Gh agZqbl_evgh \Z`g__ gZmqblvky ]jZfhlgh aZibku\Zlv l_dkl khklZ\e_gguc \Zfb kZfhklhyl_evgh : d wlhc ]jZfhlghklb ]hjZa^h gZ^_`g__ ijb\h^bl bf_ggh kq_l \ mf_ Fuke_ggh jZa[bjZy ij_^eh`_gb_ \u ihg_\he_ ^he`gu m^_j`b\Zlv _]h \ iZfylb ^h l_o ihj ihdZ g_ kijZ\bl_kv k jZ[hlhc : lZdh_ m^_j`Zgb_ \ iZfylb dZd \u ihfgbl_ ² h^gh ba hkgh\guo mkeh\bc e_]dh]h b _kl_kl\_ggh]h ]jZfhl gh]h ibkvfZ LZd qlh lj_gbjmykv \ kq_l_ ij_^eh`_gbc gZ kemo \u jZa\b\Z_l_ k\hx iZfylv²p_gg_cr__ k\hckl\h ^ey ex[h]h ^_eZ dhlhjuf \Zf ijb^_lky aZgbfZlvky \ `bagb

Ihijh[mcl_ ijh^_eZlv wlm jZ[hlm kh ke_^mxsbfb ij_^eh`_gbyfb

,Gh i_kgx bgmx H ^Zevg_c a_fe_ <habe fhc ijbyl_ev K kh[hx \ k_^e_

F : K\_leh\

84

Ijh\_jvl_ k_[y

1) Kf aZ^Zgb_ gZ k MdZaZgu ghf_jZ ij_^eh`_gbc

,G_l aZiyluo

<_j[ex^ g_ agZ_l qlh hg ]hj[Zl LZ _^Z ohjhrZ qlh k\hbf ljm^hf aZjZ[hlZgZ Lh qlh fZeh \Zjbehkv hklZ_lky kujuf ?` kqblZ_l qlh m _]h kugZ r_jkldZ fy]dZy

,,L_i_jv EmgZ [ueZ \b^gZ lZd dZd hgZ [u\Z_l \b^gZ \ l_e_kdhi k A_feb HgZ [ueZ dZd h]jhfguc k\_jdZxsbc djm] G_agZcdZ b kZf g_ agZe dZd ijhbahc^_l ihkZ^dZ gZ Emgm Ihgqbd ohl_e qlh lh kdZaZlv gh yaud keh\gh h^_j_\_g_e \h jlm Z ]heh\Z klZeZ dZd imklh_ \_^jh DZ`^uc ohl_e k\hbfb ]eZaZfb m\b^_lv dZd k\_lblky \ l_fghl_ emgguc dZf_gv

Ih G G Ghkh\m

,,, =eZaZ m kh[Zdb dZd qZcgu_ qZrdb gh lu g_ [hcky G_ mki_e khe^Zl hihfgblvky dZd kh[ZdZ \_jgmeZkv k ijbgp_kkhc

Ih =;:g^_jk_gm

Kf aZ^Zgb_ gZ k

Dhj_gv mq_gby ]hj_d Z ieh^u _]h keZ^db Ijb\uqdZ²\lhjZy gZlmjZ

G_aZdhgq_ggh_ ^_eh qlh dhgv h lj_o ih^dh\Zo G_ bkijZ\blv hrb[dm ² agZqbl kh\_jrblv gh\mx I_rbc dhgghfm g_ lh\Zjbs B ohjhr__ keh\h ohjhrh h^bg jZa >ey fmjZ\vy ^Z`_ eh`dZ \h^u ² hd_Zg IhiuldZ g_ iuldZ Jh^bgZ²fZlv qm`[bgZ ²fZq_oZ H^gZ abfZ gZ jh^bg_ emqr_ klZ \_k_g gZ qm`[bg_ DjmlZy ]hjZ²fmq_gv_ ^ey dhgy djmlhc q_eh\_d² fmq_gv_ ^ey ex^_c >himklblv hrb[dm ² ijhklmihd g_ ijbagZlv hrb[dm ²ij_klmie_gb_

Ihkeh\bpu

Kf aZ^Zgb_ gZ k

F_^v hldebdZ_lky DhjhqdZ oe_[Z A\hghf Ojmklhf

>_j_\h²>h`^bd² Rmfhf a_e_guf E_i_lhf ]jmklguf

(H H >jba

***

85

LZbgkl\_ggh_ qbkeh k_fv

,,Ba Eb\_jimevkdhc ]Z\Zgb <k_]^Z ih q_l\_j]Zf Km^Z moh^yl \ ieZ\Zgv_ D ^Ze_dbf [_j_]Zf

<ur_e klhjh` ba klhjh`db Ih^f_lZ_l hg ^hjh`db

K Y FZjrZd

Ijh\_jvl_ k_[y kf hl\_l gZ k

>h dZdbo ij_^_eh\ gZ^h jZa\b\Zlv k\h_ mf_gb_ kqblZlv ij_^eh`_gby \ mf_"Kdhevdh ]jZffZlbq_kdbo hkgh\ gZ^h \u^_eylv gZ kemo b i_j_kqblu\Zlv©h^gbf fZohfª"

Mq_gu_ ^Z\gh h[jZlbeb \gbfZgb_ gZ kljZggh_ ijbkljZklb_ q_eh\_q_kl\Z d qbkem k_fv Ihq_fm ex^yf m^h[g__ \k_]h qlh[u \ g_^_e_ [ueh k_fv ^g_c" Hlq_]h \her_[guc p\_lhd gZau\Zxl p\_lbd k_fbp\_lbd" Ihq_fm \ kdZadZo m dhjhey [u\Z_l k_fv ^hq_j_c Z \ i_kg_²m l_sb k_f_jh aylv_\" Ihq_fm wlh qbkeh lZd qZklh ih\lhjy_lky \ ihkeh\bpZo K_fv [_^ ² h^bg

hl\_l K_f_jh h^gh]h g_ `^ml M k_fb gyg_d ^bly [_a ]eZam AZ k_fv

\_jkl dbk_ey oe_[Zlv b l ^"

Kihkh[ghklv aZihfgblv kjZam ohly fh`_l [ulv b g_gZ^he]h hij_^_e_ggh_ dhebq_kl\h dZdbo gb[m^v ij_^f_lh\ ^ey jZaguo ex^_c khklZ\ey_l “l _ hl iylb ^h ^_\ylb _^bgbp >ey q_eh\_dZ _kl_kl\_ggh jZ[hlZlv g_dhlhjh_ dhjhldh_ \j_fy \ mf_ k lZdbf dhebq_kl\hf fZl_jbZeZ Ihwlhfm _keb \u ^h[v_l_kv lh]h qlh [m^_l_ ijZ\bevgh kqblZlv ijb \hkijbylbb gZ kemo iylv ² k_fv ij_^eh`_gbc \u jZah\v_l_ \ k_[_ ghjfZevguc _kl_kl\_gguc ^ey q_eh\_dZ h[t_f lZd gZau\Z_fhc djZldh\j_f_gghc iZfylb

: lZd dZd ijZdlbq_kdb \Zf j_^dh ijb^_lky ibkZlv hq_gv ^ebggu_ keh`gu_ ij_^eh`_gby \dexqZxsb_ [he__ iylb ijhkluo [m^_f kqblZlv qlh ©gZ `bagvª \Zf \iheg_ o\Zlbl mf_gby kqblZlv ^h iylb fgh]b_ agZdhfu_ gZf rdhevgbdb gZqbgZxl g_^hkqblu\Zlv ij_^eh`_gby dh]^Z bo [hevr_ lj_o <ijhq_f _keb kq_l hdZ`_lky ^ey \Zk m\e_dZl_evguf aZgylb _f fh`gh \u[bjZlv keh`gu_ ij_^eh`_gby khklhysb_ ba [hevr_]h dhebq_kl\Z ijhkluo

?s_ g_fgh]h ihlj_gbjm_fky \ kq_l_

,<k_ qlh fh`_l kZfZy gZbmfg_crZy fZrbgZ \eh`_gh \ g__ q_eh\_dhf DZ`^Zy \uqbkebl_evgZy fZrbgZ kha^Z_lky

86

Ijh\_jvl_ k_[y

1) Kf aZ^Zgb_ gZ k

GZ k\_l_ \k_

EmgZ²

GZ \k_

GZ djm]euc ]eZa

Ihoh`_

H]jhfguc

Af_y²

@mjZ\ev²

GZ j_f_rhd

GZ lhsbc

Ba dh`b

DjZg ih^t_fguc

Kf aZ^Zgb_ gZ k

 

Dhl ihehkZluc² GZ ib`Zfm Y²gZ l_[y : lu² GZ fZfm

J K_n

G_mf_euc gZ^__lky gZ ^jm]bo mf_euc ² gZ k_[y IZ\ebg h]ey^u\Z_lky gZ k\hc o\hkl q_eh\_d gZ k\hb ihklmidb JZ[hlysbc ijbghkbl ihevam \k_f e_gb\uc ² gbdhfm JZ[hlm ij_h^he_\Zxl mf_gb_f ljm^ghklb ² kh]eZkb_f =\ha^v [_j_`_l ih^dh\m ih^dh\Z dhgy dhgv ojZ[j_pZ ojZ[j_p ²hlqbagm <_sv ohjhrZ gh\Zy Z ^jm] klZjuc

Kbeu fh]ml bkkydgmlv agZgby²gbdh]^Z DjZkhlZ dhgy²\ [_]_ djZkhlZ q_eh\_dZ²\ ijZ\^_

Ihkeh\bpu

II. Ih^ ZknZevlh\hc fhklh\hc Fhkd\u e_`bl [jmkqZlZy fhklh\Zy ih^ g_c ² [meu`gZy ih^ [meu`ghc ² [j_\_gqZlZy GZ h^ghc ba p_gljZevguo mebp Fhkd\u f_ljhkljh_\pu h[gZjm`beb ©kehzguc ibjh]ª ba ^_\ylb fhklh\uo dhlhju_ e_`Zl h^gZ ih^ ^jm]hc

,,,KZfh_ [hevrh_ [ex^h gZ k\_l_ `Zj_guc \_j[ex^ Wlh eZdhfkl\h² h[uqgh_ mdjZr_gb_ k\Z^_[gh]h ibjZ [_^mbgh\ >ey _]h ijb]hlh\e_gby \Zj_gu_ ycpZ lmrZlky \ ju[_ ju[Z \ \Zj_ghc dmjbp_ dmjbpZ ²\ `Zj_ghf [ZjZg_ Z [ZjZg aZi_dZ_lky \ \_j[ex`v_c lmr_

,9 M fgh]bo gZjh^h\ p\_lu bf_xl kbf\hebq_kdbc kfuke H^gb p\_lu hebp_l\hjyxl kqZklv_ ^jm]b_ ² i_qZev G_dhlhju_ p\_lu k\yaZgu k ihwlbq_kdbf ij_^klZ\e_gb_f h p_ehc kljZg_ OjbaZgl_fu \uau\Zxl \ \h h[jZ`_gbb Yihgbx ehlhk² Bg^bx Z lxeviZgu²=heeZg^bx

Ba ]Za_l

***

87

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,, Ijh]jZffbjh\Zgb_ \lhjZy ]jZfhlghklv Q_eh\_d mqblky ]jZfhl_ g_ ^ey lh]h ebrv qlh[u jZa[bjZlv \u\_kdb Dgb]b hldju\Zxl i_j_^ gbf h]jhfguc fbj dmevlmju B ijh]jZffbklkdZy ]jZfhlghklv ihe_agZ g_ lhevdh ^ey lh]h qlh[u ijh\h^blv jZkq_lu hgZ ijb\b\Z_l hkh[mx oZjZdl_jgmx ^ey \_dZ dhfivxl_jh\ dmevlmjm fure_gby dhlhjZy kihkh[gZ k^_eZlv wnn_dlb\g__ \kydmx ^_yl_evghklv q_eh\_dZ k\h_h[jZagh aZhkljblv _]h fukev©GZmdZ b `bagvª

,,,Bg^b\b^mZevguc dhfivxl_j fZrbgZ dhlhjhc fh`_l ihevah\Zlvky dZ`^uc ba \Zk Wlh g_[hevrhc q_fh^Zgqbd dhlhjuc ijbkh_^bgy_lky d h[uqghfm l_e_\bahjm d we_dljhZiiZjZlZf hg \dexqZ_l b \udexqZ_l bo \ aZ^Zggh_ \j_fy©aZihfbgZ_lªl_ i_j_^Zqb dhlhju_ \u g_ mki_eb ihkfhlj_lv Ba ]Za_l

: l_i_jv ihijh[mcl_ ih^kqblZlv dhebq_kl\h qZkl_c b jZkklZ\blv agZdb \ ij_^eh`_gbyo gZ g_kms_kl\mxs_f©]ehdhfªyaud_

,9 Lboh fbkbdh\ klZy ]jmkl_eZ \h f]e_ a_e_gZ\db ojxsZeb ihjhc ?keb [Zg^Zfhkl ijhem`^Z_l ij_^dhiZklb_ lh \_evqbdb i_j_]j_lZxl qlh hg h[\_g^Z_l f_g_e_fu < q_ib jhq_eb ehi_gvy b bo ]Zj[h\u_ lh\_klu bjqZeb gZ \_j[_gqZluo g_kldZo Z \Zj]ZgmrdZ [ueZ g_fhdm^jZy b gb dhfm hgZ g_ ehfgb\beZkv

Ijh\_jvl_ k_[y kf hl\_l gZ k

?keb ih^e_`Zs__ beb kdZam_fh_

g_ hldebdgmehkv

DZdb_ [u\Zxl Ij_^klZ\vl_ k_[_ \u aZ^Zeb hl kdZam_fh]h \hijhku ij_^eh`_gby dlh" qlh" Gh gb h^gh keh\h \ ij_^eh`_gbb g_ hldebdgmehkv gZ gbo LZdbo keh\ ijhklh gZijhklh g_

hdZaZehkv GZijbf_j

J_[ylZf g_ kb^_ehkv gZ f_kl_ >jm]hc kljZgguc kemqZc \u

88

Ijh\_jvl_ k_[y

Kf aZ^Zgb_ gZ k MdZaZgh dhebq_kl\h ij_^eh`_gbc

1)5. 2) 4. 3) 1; 2; 1; 2.

2)Kf aZ^Zgb_ gZ k MdZaZgh dhebq_kl\h ij_^eh`_gbc

I. 1. II. 1) 1; 2) 2.

3)Kf aZ^Zgb_ gZ k

I.2; 2; 4; 1.II. 1; 2; 1; 4. III. 2; 4. IV. 2; 3; 4.

***

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