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- •Белорусский государственный университет
- •Предисловие
- •1. Profession of an economist
- •Vocabulary Focus
- •1. K p. A. – one thousand per annum.
- •Ex. 3. Express in one word.
- •Comprehension
- •Degrees in Economics
- •Basic Courses
- •Supporting Courses
- •Required Courses Year 1
- •Questions
- •Outstanding Economists
- •The Founder of Economics
- •David Ricardo (1772–1823)
- •John Maynard Keynes (1883-1946)
- •Writing
- •Study the biographical data of Michael Del and Ingvar Kamprad, find the information about famous businessmen and write it down as in the examples that follows the tables.
- •Michael Dell
- •Timeline
- •Ingvar Kamprad Timeline
- •Example
- •Translation a. Translate into Russian. Woman’s Place in Management
- •B. Translate into English.
- •Listening
- •Speaking
- •Vocabulary academic adj – 1. Университетский; академический; учебный; 2. Чисто теоретический; 3. Фундаментальный (в противоположность прикладному)
- •Salary n – жалованье, оклад self-employed adj – обслуживающий свое собственное предприятие; работающий не по найму
- •2. Economics as a science
- •2.1. Economics and Economic Methods
- •Economics: the Study of Scarcity and Choice
- •Vocabulary Focus
- •Opportunity Cost
- •Satisfying People’s Wants
- •Methodology
- •Economic Theory and Models
- •Speaking Discuss the following questions.
- •Vocabulary
- •Economic systems
- •Vocabulary Focus
- •Translation a. Translate the text from English into Russian. Classification of Countries
- •Vocabulary
- •3. The macroeconomy
- •3.1. Gross domestic product
- •Gross Domestic Product
- •Vocabulary Focus
- •Questions
- •Writing
- •Speaking
- •Vocabulary
- •3.2. InflAtion
- •Meaning and Measurement of Inflation
- •Vocabulary Focus
- •Demand-Pull and Cost-Push Inflation
- •Does it Cost More to Laugh?
- •Writing
- •Consumer Price Index Criticism
- •Vocabulary
- •3.3. Economic business cycles and unemployment
- •Economic Business Cycles
- •Vocabulary Focus
- •Comprehension
- •Unemployment
- •Types of Unemployment
- •W.H. Philips and the Philips Curve
- •Vocabulary
- •3.4. Banking discovering connections
- •Reading
- •Vocabulary Focus
- •Comprehension
- •Commercial Banks of Britain
- •Banking in the usa
- •Banking and Monetary System of the Republic of Belarus
- •The Paris Club
- •Listening Student Banking
- •Student Banking
- •Application for Credit
- •Vocabulary
- •3.5. Money and monetary policy
- •Reading
- •Money and its Functions
- •Vocabulary Focus
- •Comprehension
- •Classical Economics
- •Keynesian Economics
- •Monetarism
- •Instruments of Monetary Policy
- •Monetary Policy during the Great Depression
- •Listening Central Banking
- •Talking with Paul Volker
- •Vocabulary
- •Glossary
- •3.6. Fiscal policy
- •Fiscal Policy
- •Discretionary fiscal policy
- •Vocabulary Focus
- •Other Issues in Fiscal Policy
- •The Role of Government
- •Writing
- •Transition and the Changing Role of Government
- •Budgets and Fiscal Policy
- •Briefing on Personal Taxation
- •Vocabulary
- •4. The microeconomy
- •4.1. Supply and demand
- •Supply and Demand
- •Vocabulary Focus
- •Equilibrium: Mr.Demand, Meet Mr.Supply
- •Equilibrium
- •Elasticity
- •Ex. 2. Answer the questions on the text.
- •Negotiating on the Phone
- •North Holland Dairy Cooperative, Volendam, Postbus 4550nl-4452
- •Jan van Geelen
- •Vocabulary
- •4.2. Market structure
- •Monopoly
- •Vocabulary Focus
- •Comprehension
- •Three Pricing Strategies
- •Market Leaders, Challengers and Followers
- •Vocabulary
- •5. The global economy
- •5.1. International trade
- •International Trade
- •Vocabulary Focus
- •Comprehension
- •The Arguments for and against Free Trade
- •The Banana Wars
- •The Legacy of Adam Smith and David Ricardo
- •Listening
- •Vocabulary
- •5.2. Global market and developing nations discovering connections
- •The World’s Economies
- •Industrialized nations: Growing and Growing Old
- •Newly Industrialized Nations: Getting Going
- •Developing Nations
- •Vocabulary Focus
- •To develop, development, developed, developing
- •Comprehension
- •Economic Cooperation
- •Case study
- •B. Scanning for Information
- •Airbus Industrie
- •The Boeing Company
- •C. Interpreting Information
- •Multinational Corporations and Globalization: the Pros and Cons
- •Translation
- •Vocabulary
- •6. Business administration
- •6.1. Company structure discovering connections
- •Reading
- •Forms of Business Organization
- •Vocabulary Focus
- •Comprehension
- •Flotation
- •Describing Company Structure
- •Is made up of is diveded into
- •Listening
- •Interview with Willhite
- •Vocabulary
- •6.2. Management
- •Nature of Management
- •Vocabulary Focus
- •A. Introduction to the problem
- •B. Scanning for Information
- •Beginning the Business
- •Text b Business Principle: Supermarket Shopping Should Be Fun To Stew Leonard, the distinction between a supermarket and an amusement park is slight, and not necessarily useful.
- •Business Principle: Listen to the Customer
- •Stew Leonard’s Fact Sheet
- •Look at the Stew Leonard's Approach to Supermarket Sales. What do you think about his ideas of running the business. Stew Leonard's Approach to Supermarket Sales
- •Principles of Management
- •What Makes a Good Manager?
- •Семь заповедей бизнесмена
- •Vocabulary
- •Glossary
- •6.3. Accounting
- •What is Accounting?
- •Vocabulary Focus
- •Accounting and Financial Statements
- •The Accounting Profession
- •Business Documents
- •The Balance Sheet
- •Income Statement
- •Bookkeeping
- •Role Play
- •Project X
- •Vocabulary
- •6.4. Marketing
- •Concept of Marketing
- •Vocabulary Focus
- •Building a Brand
- •The brand name
- •B. Scanning for Information
- •The Creation of Levi Jeans
- •Other Levi Strauss Products
- •Text c Why New Products Are Needed
- •Levi Strauss & Co. Product History
- •C. Discussion
- •Writing
- •Marketing Information System
- •You are discussing a new product with your marketing manager. You may use the dialogue below as a model.
- •Vocabulary
- •6.5. Advertising
- •Advertising
- •Vocabulary Focus
- •Comprehension
- •How Companies Advertise
- •Ad advertising campaign advertising standards advertisement advertising budget advertising agencies print
- •Designing an Advertising Campaign Putting the Problem in Perspective: Applying Business Concepts
- •E. Fieldwork
- •Every Day ups Are Trusted To Reliable Deliver 12 Million Shipments Worldwide
- •Vocabulary
- •Glossary
- •Список использованной литературы
- •Contents
Describing Company Structure
The typical structure of the company looks like that:
Board of Directors with a Chairman (GB) or President (US) |
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Managing Director (GB) or Chief Executive Officer (US) |
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Production |
Marketing |
Finance |
Research & Development |
Personnel | ||||||||||||||||
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Market Research |
Sales |
Advertising & Promotion |
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Financial Management |
Accounting |
The most common words for describing structure are:
consist of contains includes is composed of
Is made up of is diveded into
e.g. The company consists of five main departments.
The marketing department is made up of three units.
The sales department is divided into two sections.
to be in charge of to support or to be supported by to be accountable to to be responsible for to assist or to be assisted by
e.g. The marketing department is in charge of the sales force.
The marketing department is responsible for advertising, sales promotion and market research.
The five department heads are accoutable to the Managing Director.
Now write a description of either the organisation chart above, or a company you know, in about 100–150 words.
TRANSLATION
A. Translate from English into Russian.
Business entities can be grouped according to the type of business activity they perform.
1. Service companies perform services for a fee. This group includes companies such as accounting firms, law firms, repair shops, and many others.
Merchandising companies purchase goods that are ready for sale and sell them to customers. They include such companies as auto dealer-ships, clothing stores, and supermarkets.
Manufacturing companies buy materials, convert them into products, and then sell the products to the companies or to the final customer. Examples are steel miles, auto manufacturers, and so on.
Most of the British companies are private. The number of state owned companies as telecommunications, water, gas has been decreased lately.
Companies in the private sector consist of two basic types: public and private. Public companies in general are large scale organizations such as banks, insurance companies and privatised companies. The number of public companies are fewer than that of private companies. Private companies on the whole are smaller or family-run business.
The difference between public and private firms on paper at least, can be found in their names the word “limited” (often shortened to “Ltd”) after a company’s name shows that it is private. On the other hand, the status of a public company is shown by the letters “plc” after its name. This is short for “public limited company”. In practice, however, the real difference between the two arises from the fact that private companies cannot raise money by selling shares, in contract to public companies which can do so by issuing shares and bonds to be offered for sale on the stock Exchange.
The size of the company is often measured in terms of its assets. Two major categories of assets are current assets and fixed assets. Fixed assets include property, plant and equipment. Current asets generally consist of cash, marketable securities, receivables, inventories and prepayments.
B. Translate from Russian into English.
Основными социально-экономическими формами организации предпринимательства являются: единоличное владение, партнерство и корпорация. Единоличное владение основано на собственности одного лица или его семьи. Его признаками являются: неограниченная ответственность; ограниченные возможности; максимальная гибкость и оперативность.
Партнерство базируется на собственности нескольких человек или семей. Основными признаками являются: неограниченная ответственность; ограниченные возможности; временный характер соглашения, разделения вклада, труда и доли доходов.
Корпорация представляет собой объединение собственности множества субъектов. Основной способ объединения – выпуск акций. Характерными признаками корпорации являются: широкие возможности в связи с привлечением капитала других юридических и физических лиц; длительность участия; ограниченная гибкость (действие устава).