Грамматика The Continuous Tenses (Active Voice)
|
to be + Participle I |
Образование:
to be – изменяемая часть (зависит от времени, лица и числа подлежащего).
Participle I – неизменяемая часть.
Употребление: Времена группы Continuous выражают длительные действия:
|
Present Continuous |
Действие происходит в настоящий момент времени, сейчас. |
He is working now. |
|
Past Continuous |
Действие происходило в течение какого-то времени в прошлом. Длительность действия обычно выражается следующим образом:
|
When I came he was working.
He was working at 3 p.m.
He was working from 5 till 8 p.m. |
|
Future Continuous
|
Действие будет происходить в течение какого-то времени в будущем. Длительность действия обычно выражается:
|
When I come he will be working.
He will be working at 3 p.m.
He will be working from 5 till 8 p.m.
We shall be seeing tomorrow.
|
Глаголы, которые не употребляются во временах Continuous:
физического восприятия: to hear, to see, to feel;
выражения эмоций: to love, to hate, to like, to respect;
желания: to desire, to want, to wish;
умственного восприятия: to believe, to consider, to expect, to know, to remember, to suppose, to think, to understand
XV. Прочитайте предложения, найдите в них сказуемое, определите его время. Предложения переведите:
1. Little by little computers were becoming more and more powerful. 2. Hundreds of artificial satellites are orbiting the Earth nowadays. 3. The tool with special form will be vibrating against the workpiece when the current is fed. 4. "Wireless" networking, often utilizing mobile phone networks, is becoming increasingly necessary. 5. The cutting tool of the drilling machine was rotating while pressed against the workpiece. 6. Pushinka's grandchildren are still living today in America. 7. The cutting tool will be grinding off small particles, removing pieces of the workpiece.
The Continuous Tenses (Passive Voice)
|
to be + being + Participle II |
Образование:
to be – изменяемая часть (зависит от времени, лица и числа подлежащего).
being + Participle II – неизменяемая часть.
Употребление:
Правила употребления времен Continuous в страдательном залоге (Passive Voice) такие же, как и в действительном залоге (Active Voice). Только всегда надо помнить о том, что страдательный залог показывает, что действие производится над подлежащим кем-то или чем-то.
В страдательном залоге есть только два времени: настоящее время и прошедшее (Present and Past Continuous). Будущего времени (Future Continuous) не существует.
XVI. Прочитайте предложения, найдите в них сказуемое, определите его время. Предложения переведите:
1. The workpiece were being cooled when machined. 2. Data is constantly being worked on, and the computer's speed greatly increases. 3. Personal and laptop computers are now widely available, and are being increasingly used as a result. 4. The physics of fluids in microgravity was being investigated, allowing researchers to better model the activity of fluids.
Схема образования вопросительного и отрицательного предложения во временах Continuous
The Active Voice:
|
The robot is (was) using one of its manipulators to perform the task.
|
|
One of the robot’s manipulators is (was) being used to perform the task.
|
The Passive Voice
XVII. Инфинитив в скобках поставьте во время Present Continuous (Active Voice). Прочитайте и переведите предложения. Задайте общий вопрос и дайте отрицательный ответ:
1. In fact, the number of computers that are networked (to be growing) phenomenally. 2. The personal computer users (to be acquiring) more and more possibilities for work and games. 3. Artificial intelligence (to be becoming) an increasingly important factor in the modern industrial robot. 4. Researchers (to be investigating) the effect of weightless environment on the internal processes of plants and animals.
XVIII. Предложения из предыдущего упражнения поставьте во время Past Continuous (Active Voice). Задайте общий вопрос и дайте отрицательный ответ.
XIX. Предложения из предыдущего упражнения поставьте во время Future Continuous (Active Voice). Задайте общий вопрос и дайте отрицательный ответ.
XX. Инфинитив в скобках поставьте во время Present Continuous (Passive Voice). Прочитайте и переведите предложения. Задайте общий вопрос и дайте отрицательный ответ:
1. The first generation now (to be being studied) with widespread availability of Internet. 2. A variety of large scale medical studies (to be being conducted) aboard the ISS. 3. Scientific findings in different fields of knowledge from basic science to experimental research, (to be being published) every month. 4. The experiments in fields including biology, physics, astronomy and meteorology (to be being carried) out daily in the station's microgravity environment.
XXI. Предложения из предыдущего упражнения поставьте во время Past Continuous (Passive Voice). Задайте общий вопрос и дайте отрицательный ответ:
XXII. Прочитайте предложения, найдите в них сказуемое, определите его время и залог. Сделайте грамматический разбор и поставьте не менее трех вопросов к каждому предложению:
1. The period of 1814 to 1818 is also the period during which several designers were developing the planer. 2. We don’t know who first used milling machine also simply because no one was taking down records at that time. 3. The shaper is appropriate for tool rooms and for job shops where flexibility is essential and relative slowness is unimportant because few identical pieces are being made. 4. During the early part of the 20th century, machine tools were becoming more and more accurate. 5. With the evolution of the Internet, personal computers are becoming as common as the television and the telephone in the household. 6. The spindle moves to the first table, performs the machining operations, and moves to the next table while the previous table is being set up for the next operation.