Unit 3

Тема: Компьютеры

Грамматика:

1. The Indefinite Tenses

2. Порядок слов в английских утвердительных предложениях.

3. Определительные придаточные предложения

4. Названия дней недели, месяцев, времен года.

Повторение:

1. Глагол to be во временах Indefinite (There is / There are).

2. Глагол to have во временах Indefinite.

3. Эквиваленты русского родительного падежа и цепочки существительных.

4. Повелительное наклонение глагола.

Тексты:

1. Computers

2. The Internet

Лексика

	according to	согласно (чему-либо)
	auxiliary	вспомогательный
	creation	создание
	decision	решение
	enough	достаточно
	equipment	оборудование
	hardware	аппаратные средства
	however	однако
	input / output	ввод / вывод
	keyboard	клавиатура
	liquid	жидкий
	memory	память, ЗУ( запоминающее устройство)
	outside	внешний
	rapidly	быстро
	ray	луч
	rule	правило
	same, the	тот же самый
	set	набор
	simple	простой
	software	программное обеспечение
	source	источник
	throughout	в продолжение (всего времени)
	to access access	иметь доступ; доступ
	to add addition	добавлять; добавка, добавление
	to advance	делать успехи, прогрессировать
	to allow	позволять
	to appear	появляться
	to become (became, become)	становиться
	to build (built, built) built-in	строить
	to come(came, come)	приходить
	to compare	сравнивать
	to consistof	состоять из
	to decrease	уменьшать
	to change to exchange	менять; обменивать
	to find (found, found)	находить
	to include	включать
	to increase	увеличивать, повышать
	to move movement	двигать(ся); движение
	to perform	выполнять
	to process	обрабатывать
	to provide	предоставлять, обеспечивать
	to receive	получать
	to refer	относиться
	to replace	заменять
	to send(sent, sent)	отправлять
	to store storage	содержать, вмещать, хранить; запоминающее устройство ЗУ, память
	useful	полезный
	via	через

I. Вспомните, как переводятся следующие слова:

language; rule; watch; mistake; room; answer; question; hour; letter; to jump; to ask; to think; sleep; to put.

II. Прочитайте и переведите слова, не пользуясь словарем. Обратите внимание на их произношение:

architecture; arithmetic; audience; battery; billion; binary; blog; browser; cable; calculation; cathode; central; channel; chat; colleague; collection; concept; contrast; crystal; decentralization; defect; demonstration; diary; display; document; dramatic; e-mail; encyclopedia; evolution; extreme; fiber-optic; file; form; forum; functioning; fundamental; game; global; graphics; idea; individual; information; infrastructure; intellectual; inter-; interactive; interface; Internet; laptop; major; microphone; modem; monitor; mouse; multimedia; network; non-; numerous; office; online; optical; organization; origin; peripherals; personal; player; popular; population; present; printer; program; pulse; quarter; resource; robot; routine; scanner; security; service; sound; symbol; symbolic; to serve; site; social; speech; speed; telecommunication; telephone; television; text; to accelerate; to concentrate; to contain; to focus; to interpret; to manipulate; to navigate; to occupy; to present; to specialize; to synchronize; traditional; transmission; trillion; unique; unit; user; video.

III. Прочитайте и переведите следующие слова:

• существительные

access; addition; advance; answer; creation; decision; decrease; equipment; exchange; hardware; hour; increase; input; keyboard; language; memory; movement; output; process; question; ray; rule; set; software; source; storage;

• прилагательные

auxiliary; built-in; liquid; outside; reliable; simple; the same; useful;

• глаголы

to access; to add; to advance; to allow; to appear; to become; to build; to come; to compare; to consist of; to decrease; to exchange; to find; to form; to include; to increase; to move; to perform; to process; to provide; to receive; to refer; to replace; to send; to store;

• наречия

according to; enough; however; now; rapidly; throughout; via.

IV. Переведите следующие словосочетания на русский язык:

the practical application of knowledge; the electromagnetic fieldtheory; personal and laptop computers; an important communications service available on the Internet; a central processing unit (CPU); high-level programming languages; the capacitor's material resistance; the transistor's low cost; today's electronics engineers; a global data communications system; cathode-ray tube and liquid-crystal display monitors;

Повторение

V. Вместо пропусков вставьте нужную форму глагола “to be” во времени Present Indefinite. Задайте вопрос и дайте отрицательный ответ. То же сделайте и для времен Past and Future Indefinite:

1. Technology … the practical application of knowledge especially in a particular field. 2. The study of electromagnetic fieldtheory … also important to electronics. 3. Personal and laptop computers … now widely available. 4. Hardware … a physical nature and software … a non-physical nature. 5. E-mail … an important communications service available on the Internet. 6. The main language for communication on the Internet … English. 7. A central processing unit … the main information processor in a computer. 8. A computer … a machine that manipulates data according to a set of instructions.

VI. Вместо пропусков вставьте нужную форму глагола “to be” во времени Present Indefinite. Задайте вопрос и дайте отрицательный ответ. То же сделайте и для времен Past and Future Indefinite. Предложения переведите:

1. However, there … usually special instructions. 2. There … usually between two and one hundred registers for different types of CPU. 3. There … many high-level programming languages (Ada, BASIC, COBOL, Fortran, Pascal). 4. Today there … many forms of radio, these … networks and mobile communications of all types, etc.

VII. Вместо пропусков вставьте нужную форму глагола “to have” во времени Present Indefinite. Задайте вопрос и дайте отрицательный ответ. То же сделайте и для времен Past and Future Indefinite. Предложения переведите:

1. All capacitors … defects such as the capacitor's material resistance. 2. A single chip … a great amount of different components. 3. A computer … the main information processor. 4. Different configurations … different characteristics. 5. A transistor … three terminals for connection to an external circuit. 6. A CPU … the functions of a calculator. 7. The two types of transistors … a few differences. 8. They … small size and minimal weight and high reliability. 9. The transistor's low cost, flexibility, and reliability … a great significance in modern microelectronics.

VIII. Вместо пропусков вставьте нужную форму глаголов“to be” или “to have” во времени Present Indefinite:

1. The computers on transistors … much smaller, faster, cheaper and … more reliable. 2. Today's electronics engineers … the ability to design different integrated circuits. 3. In comparison with more costly units, low-cost toy walkie-talkies … not separate microphones and speakers. 4. The keyboard and mouse … the input devices, and the display and printer … the output devices on a typical personal computer. 5. The Internet … a global data communications system. 6. It … a hardware and software infrastructure. 7. The transistor … the potential to work faster and more reliably and to consume much less power than a vacuum tube.

IX. Прочитайте и переведите следующие словосочетания:

а) a set of instructions; billions or even trillions of bytes of memory; examples of hardware; the equipment of the computer; a collection of routines, rules and symbolic languages; billions of users;

b) the computer's memory; the computer's various components; the control system's function; the world’s most advanced computer; a computer's hardware; the computer's casing;

c) a watch battery; integrated circuit technology; computer instructions; the central controller unit; semiconductor memory; computer main memory; computer engineers; research institutions; telecommunications technology; computer operating systems; high-level programming languages; a software developer; a global computer network system; a global data communications system; computer users.

X. Прочитайте и переведите предложения в повелительном наклонении. Поставьте предложения в отрицательную форму:

1. Read the code for the next instruction. 2. Let him decode the numerical code for the instruction into a set of commands. 3. Let me read the data for this instruction. 4. Let them provide the necessary data to a register. 5. Let it instruct the hardware to perform the first operation. 6. Write the result and jump back to step one (1). 7. In most cases, computer instructions are simple: add one number to another, move the data from one location to another, send a message to the external device, etc. 8. Let users navigate from one web site to another via hyperconnections.