Английский язык 3,5 года / Английский язык / Английский язык / D076 / el00_02
.htmТЕМА 2 ТЕМА 2. НАРЕЧИЯ SOME, ANY, NO И ИХ ПРОИЗВОДНЫЕ.
THE PRONOUNS SOME, ANY, NO and THEIR DERIVATIVES.
1. Some выражает неопределенное количество, а any в том же значении употребляется в соответствующих отрицательных и вопросительных предложениях со смысловым оттенком “вообще”. При отсутствии такого смысла в вопросительном предложении используется местоимение “some”.
No употребляется для выражения отрицательного смысла в предложениях, сказуемое которых имеет утвердительную форму.
I need some money. Мне нужны деньги (немного, некоторое количество).
I do not need any money I need no money. Мне не нужны деньги (вообще).
Do you have some money? У вас не будет немного (сколько-нибудь) денег?
Do you have any money? У вас вообще есть какие-нибудь деньги?
I have some stamps У меня есть несколько марок.
I do not have any stamps У меня нет марок вообще.
I have no stamps. Do you have some stamps? У вас не найдется сколько-нибудь (немного) марок?
Do you have any stamps? У вас есть марки вообще (хотя бы одна)?
2. Другие значения местоимений some, any.
Some - какой-нибудь, некоторый
Give me some magazine please. Дайте мне какой-нибудь журнал, пожалуйста.
Some of the magazines. Некоторые(какой-нибудь) из журналов.
Any - любой.
You can take any magazine. Вы можете взять любой журнал.
Местоимение some употребляется также в следующих вопросительных предложениях:
1. Когда мы предлагаем что-либо: Would you like some coffee?
2. Когда мы обращаемся с просьбой, ожидая утвердительный ответ: Can you lend me some mone.
Упражнение 1. Заполните пропуски в предложениях местоимениями some, any.
1. I have left ___ food for you in the fridge.
2. Are there ___ jobs men can do but women cannot?
3. I d like to make ___ friends, but I haven t met ___ young people yet.
4. Is there ___ рetrol in the tank? Well, I filled it yesterday. There must be ___ left.
5. I know you speak ___ French. But do you speak ___ German?
6. Are there ___ buses after midnight?
7. ___ man phoned, but didn t leave his number.
8. There isn t ___ еxplanation for this.
9. I bought ___ мagazines to read on the train.
10. Have you ___ idea what time it is?
11. Can you lend me ___money? - I’m sorry, I can’t. I don’t have ___ myself.
3. Производные от some, any, no
someone, somebody кто-то, кто-нибудь
something что-то, что-нибудь
anybody, anyone любой; кто-то, кто-нибудь (в вопросительных предложениях), никто (в вопросительных предложениях)
аnything что угодно, все; что-то, что-нибудь, (в вопросительных предложениях), ничто (в отрицательных предложениях)
no one, nobody никто
nothing ничто
somewhat что – то , кое – что
somehow как – то , почему – то
somewhere где – то , куда – то
anyhow каким бы то ни было образом
anywhere ( в вопросительном предл.) где – нибудь , куда – нибудь
anywhere ( в отрицательном предл .) нигде , никуда
nowhere нигде, никуда
Упражнение 2. Выберите правильный вариант из четырёх предложенных:
1. ___can speak all the languages in the world.
a) somebody
b) anybody
c) everybody
d) nobody
2. The film is really great . You can ask ____who has seen it.
a) somebody
b) nobody
c) everybody
d) anybody
3. Where can I find a good job with plenty of money and no work?
a) everywhere
b) nowhere
c) somewhere
d) anywhere
4.Would you like to eat___?
a) anything
b) nothing
c) something
d) everything
5. There’s ___ at the door. Can you go and see who is it?
a) somebody
b) everybody
c) anybody
d) nobody
6. You can cash these travelers cheques at ___ bank.
a) some
b) any
c) no
d) every
7 .I’m bored – there is ___ to do .
a) everything
b) nothing
c) something
d) anything
Упражнение 3. Заполните пропуски в тексте производными от any- , some- , no- , every-
“Is (1) here?” said Mrs Thomas to the students on the coach .”Is (2) missing?” “I thing (3) is missing,” replied one student . “It’s Peter”. «Does (4) know where he is ?” asked Mrs Thomas. (5) answered. Mrs Thomas asked Mr Smith to go back into the museum to look for Peter .Ten minutes later Mr Smith returned alone. “I can, t find him (6)” he said .” I looked (7)””Did Peter say (8) to (9)?” said Mrs Thomas to students. “No, (10) at all ,”muttered several students .” (11) suggestions ?” said Mrs Thomas / “ I think (12) should go and look for him. One of us is bound to find him “suggested another student .” He must be (13).” “ But where?” said Mrs Thomas “ He could be (14 ) .” So (15) got off the coach ,went back to the museum and spread out to search for Peter . After a few minutes,(16) found him , still engrossed by the museum’s fascinating exhibits.
TEXT A . Прочтите текст, переведите его и ответьте на данные ниже вопросы.
Economics: The Study Of Scarcity And Choice
Human wants are unlimited, but the resources necessary to satisfy those wants are limited .Thus every society is faced with the identical problem, the problem of scarcity.
Since there is not enough of everything to go around, everyone- individuals, business firms , and government – needs to make choices from among the things they want . In the process they will try to economize, to get the most from what they have.
The need to choose is imposed on us all by our income, wealth and ability to borrow. Individuals and families are limited by the size of their personal income, savings and ability to borrow .Similarly business firms are limited by their profits, savings and borrowing power , and governments by their ability to tax and borrow .
Income, savings, profits and taxes enable people, institutions and governments to purchase good, products, and services, work performed for pay that benefits others . The problem that each must face, however, is that once the decision has been made to choose one set of alternatives, one loses the opportunity to choose the other.
What Do Economists Do?
The development of modern economics began in the 17th century .Since that time economists have developed methods for studying and explaining how individuals, businesses and nations use their available economic resources. Large corporations use economists to study the ways they do business and to suggest methods for making more efficient use of their employees, equipment, factories, and other resources.
Economists have developed and generally agree on basic economic principles and models that try to explain or describe the “ world that is” An economic model is any simplified statement diagram or formula used to understand economic events .For example economists can use basic principles like the laws of supply and demand and simple economic models to predict that the price of coffee in the USA will go up after a freeze destroys much of the Brazilian coffee corp. All economists would agree that the freeze would result in a price increase, but predicting the size of the increase would depend on the quality of the economist’s mode .
Вопросы к тексту:
1. What is economics ? What kind of science is economics?
2. Why do we have to chose among the things we want?
3. What is an economic model?
4. In what ways do economists use economic models?
Запомните следующие слова:
income доход
to borrow брать взаймы
profit прибыль
savings сбережения , накопления
to face сталкиваться
to make use of = to use использовать
equipment оборудование
to result in приводить к
to increase увеличивать , возрастать
increase возрастание , рост , увеличение
to depend on зависеть от
TEXT B. Прочтите текст и выполните следующее за ним задания/
HENRY FORD
Henry Ford was born in 1863 in the state of Michigan. He grew up on a farm but he did not want to became a farmer. He left school when he was sixteen. He wanted to make cars so he went to work as a mechanic.
In 1896 Ford built his first car. This car was very different from the cars of today. For example, its wheels were bicycle wheels.
In 1902 Ford built a car that won an important race. This car was the fastest car that had ever built. It went seventy miles per hour . By then Ford had enough money to start the Ford Motor Company.
At this time cars cost a lot of money. Only very rich people bought cars. Ford had a dream .He wanted to build a car that many people could afford. Ford was sure that, if people could afford cars, they would buy them. He said “everybody wants to be somewhere he is not.”
Ford’s plan was to make all his cars the same. Cars that are all the same take less time and less money to make . Then Ford could charge less money for these cars. In 1908 Ford produced his famous Model T Ford / The Model T sold for &850. This was mach cheaper than other cars but still more than most people could pay.
One day Ford visited a meat – packing factory. There he saw beef carcasses being moved from one worker to another. Each worker had a particular job to do when the beef carcasses reached him/ Ford realized that he could use this assembly line method to build cars.
It took less than two hours to build a car on the assembly line. Ford was able to drop the rice of the Model T to $265.
Ford’s dream had come true. The Model T was now a car that many people could afford. By 1927, when Ford stopped making the Model T, over 15 million of these cars had been sold.
Упражнение 4. Выберите правильный вариант из двух предложенных.
1. Ford went to work as a mechanic.
A. Ford fixed cars.
B. Ford sold cars.
2. He wanted to build a car that many people could afford.
A. He wanted to build a car people would have enough money to buy.
B. He wanted to build a car people would be able to sell easily.
3. He could charge less money for a car.
A. He could ask people to use a credit card.
B. He could ask people to pay less money.
4. Ford saw beef carcasses at the factory.
A. Ford saw animals in boxes at the factory.
B. Ford saw the bodies of dead animals at the factory.
5. Ford realized that he could use this assembly line method to build cars.
A. Ford understood that the assembly line was a good way to build cars.
B. Ford invented the assembly line equipment to build cars.
Упражнение 5. Выберите правильный ответ из трех предложенных.
1. Henry Ford built ___
a. The first car
b. The first bicycle
c. A car with bicycle wheels
2. Henry Ford’s dream was ___
a. to build an assembly line
b. to build a car most people could afford
c. to build a car that would win a race
3. Ford first saw an assembly line ___
a. at a meat-packing factory
b. on a farm
c. at the Ford Motor Company
TEXT C. Прочтите текст и выполните следующее за ним упражнение.
WEB BUSINESS FOR FUN AND PROFIT
An amazing number of teenagers have managed to set up highly successful internet businesses. Take John Davidson, for example. John could surf the net by the time he was six and by the time of eight, he could design web pages of his own. It wasn’t long before he was able to persuade the bank to lend him enough money to start up his own business. At the age of sixteen he managed to persuade his parents to allow him to leave school, and his first business, “Webmasters”, was soon up and running.
Another teenager, Jim Leicester, very quickly realized he could make money doing what he enjoyed most: playing computer games. In 1999, he was able to sell five games he’d developed to a famous software company. Now Jim can earn up to 1000 pounds a week by selling his programs.
Katy Fischer, an enterprising 18-year-old from Manchester, was also able to break into the dotcom world. Although she says she can’t understand why she’s been so successful, her parents certainly can. “Katy was determined to prove she could start a business when she was just fourteen”, says her father, “and through hard work, she’s managed to do just that”.
Упражнение 6. Заполните пропуски, ориентируясь на прочитанный текст.
1. Jim ___ sold games to a software company.
2. ___ got a bank loan.
3. ___ wanted to start a business at the age of fourteen.
4. ___ left school at sixteen.
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