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Variant II

  1. Having been introduced in construction Portland cement quickly replaced lime for making concrete.

  2. “Non-fines” concrete is a concrete having fairly large voids.

  3. Cutting became possible with the invention of tools.

  4. Binding materials are used for making artificial stones and joining together different materials.

  5. At first the idea of making concrete by using sand was completely rejected.

  6. The ancient Egyptians often erected their huge buildings without thinking of their usefulness.

  7. Strains or deformations occur in any body being subjected to external loads.

  8. By enlarging the size of building elements labour costs and time were decreased.

  9. From the earliest times, architects and engineers have been aware of the problems involved in laying a building’s foundation.

  10. Various materials may be used as aggregate, the most common being naturally occurring sand and gravel.

Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на различные значения глагола to be.

1. Automation today is an important factor of Russian chemical industrial production. It is being introduced (внедряться) on a wide scale in all branches of industry and agriculture as well as (также) in medicine and everyday life. 2. In close cooperation with industry Russian scientists are developing many new types of electronic and cybernetic devices. They are to become the basis for the solution of a great number of economic and scientific problems. They will be reliable helpers of engineers and scientists. 3. Chemical materials and products are of great importance for all branches of the national economy in our country. 4. There are a lot of test-tubes of different sizes in any chemical laboratory.

Переведите текст, обращая внимание на различные значения глагола to be.

Physics is the science studying various phenomena in nature. Its object is to determine exact relations between physical phenomena. Physics is divided very naturally into two great branches, experimental and theoretical physics. The task of the former is to make observations and carryout experiments. On the basis of the experimental facts theoretical physics is to formulate laws and predict the behaviour of natural phenomena. Every law is based on experiment; therefore it is important that experiments be done very accurately. It was the study of natural phenomena that made it possible to formulate various laws. There are still a lot of problems to be solved. Scientists all over the world are doing their best (прилагают все усилия) to find answers to numerous yet unknown phenomena.

Контрольная работа n 4 test

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