Дополнительные упражнения по грамматике functions of verbs “to be”, “to have”

Variant I

1. From the earliest days the mankind has erected structures of great size and beauty.

2. Since the need for buildings of all kinds is great different methods for speeding up construction are developed.

3. The influence of various factors on the strength of concrete has to be taken into account (to take into account - принимать во внимание) in the successful proportioning of the compounds of a mix to achieve the desired properties.

4. The students were trying to devise a production of a very durable, cementless binding material.

5. Asphalt slabs are not affected by water.

6. The concrete roof of the new 4-storey store was cast as soon as the steel frame had been erected.

7. According to the plan there were to be two towers. These towers had to be very strong, they were of granite.

8. Hydraulic lime has the property of setting under water.

9. Masonry domes have been constructed for centuries.

FUNCTIONS OF THE VERBS “to be”, “to have”

Variant II

1. The new plastic can be easily cleaned and are unaffected by high temperature.

2. A new development is that the building from the top to downwards and from the bottom to upwards is taking place simultaneously.

3. In order to attain one property a compromise has to be made in the other properties.

4. Other forms of test have been carried out, but the simplest is the tensile test on a concrete cylinder.

5. For interior use plastics is recommended for surface finish of walls.

6. These steel cables were to hold the bridge.

7. Proper compaction of concrete is essential for the development of its full strength.

8. Dry mixes of low workability if adequately compacted by vibration, have higher strengths than more workable mixes with the same water-cement ratio.

Infinitive

Variant I

1. Walls are built to carry the weight of floors and roofs.

2. In order to save time, the builder prefers to use prefabricated concrete units.

3. Building regulations define the type of mortar to be used with bricks of varying strength to carry varying loads.

4. As the building began to lean over, the builders altered the design of the upper stories to balance it.

5. The knowledge of concrete seems to have been lost during the Middle Ages.

6. Pure aluminum is very plastic, which allows it to be readily formed into different shapes.

7. There are designs which provide the service centers to be connected with the dwelling houses by roofed passages.

8. The white exteriors of the tower block (жилой дом) appeared to be free of some ceramic materials.

Infinitive

Variant II

1. The members to be connected by welding must be held rigidly in position during the welding process.

2. The exterior walls are designed of sufficient strength to carry the loads of the floors and roofs.

3. To make concrete resistant to bending, engineers reinforce it.

4. In order to replace hand-ramming, mechanical vibrators are now used for compacting of concrete.

5. Water fit for drinking is assumed to be free from harmful ingredients.

6. Many building codes require brick basement walls to be 4 in. thicker than the walls above.

7. It is convenient to use built-in units which enable one room to serve the purposes of several.

8. Built-in furniture is considered to be valuable asset in small building.

9. Lime is produced from limestone and chalk which is burnt in a kiln for 3 or 4 days when it is ready to be made into mortar.