Grammar exercises (control work n 3)

1. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на разные функции глагола “ to be”

1. Pores are formed in concrete also as a result of evaporation of water.

2. The light cellular concrete is produced from a binding agent, water and foam-forming (foam concrete)or gas-forming (gas concrete) substances.

3. Brookline (part of New-York) at that time was a young city. It was growing fast. It was becoming an important business centre.

4. It is prefabrication that speeds up the construction work.

5. Hundreds of thousands of new apartment’s homes are to be built for the population.

6. Glass is unaffected by gases and most acids.

7. One of the greatest advantages of artificial materials is their low cost compared to the cost of natural ones.

8. Air-entrainment (вовлечение воздуха в бетон) was generally considered as the greatest advance (успех) in concrete technology.

2. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на функции глагола “to have”

1. Air-entrainment has helped to reduce the amount of heat generated during setting of the cement.

2. Scientists had to overcome many disadvantages in the development of decorative laminates.

3. Pure aluminum has excellent engineering properties.

4. With the introduction of steel and reinforced concrete new possibilities have been introduced into construction.

5. Use of water-reducing admixtures has expanded rapidly in the past few years.

6. The workers have to remove some of this rock in order to make a good base for the towers.

3. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на функции инфинитива.

1. Foundations serve to keep the walls and floors from contact with soil.

2. To make the walls stronger the bricks must overlap each other.

3. The aggregates are graded in size from fine to coarse in order to reduce the

amount of void space to be filled by cement.

4. To do this work properly and safely, walls, roofs and other parts of the

construction must be correctly designed.

5. The live load to be used in computations depends upon the use of the

building.

6. Steel is used in reinforcement units to undergo high tensile loads.

7. Enough water should be used to produce a placeable mix.

8. Elements to be employed in a heat-insulating capacity undergo (подвергаться)

special treatment.

IV. Переведите прeдложения, обращая внимание на разные функции

“ V-ing”.

1. The crystals forming in the process of making concrete stick together in a very hard artificial stone.

2. There are “cellular” concretes made by using materials which foam or form gas during the mixing of the concrete.

3. Using new kinds of prefab ferro-concrete frames builders have erected some buildings which can stand earthquakes.

4. Changing the time at which the admixture is added can significantly vary its degree of effectiveness.

5. A group of specialists has developed piles without using building materials.

6. Drawers and shelves can often be concealed behind walls, freeing valuable floor space.

7. Being a brittle concrete cannot withstand tensile stresses.

8. The civil engineer must consider many factors when selecting the materials for construction.

9. This process is accomplished by covering the concrete without damaging the surface with damp cloths, wet sand or the concrete can be kept wet by sprinkling, or by immersing in water.

10. High alumina cement is a material containing alumina.