3. Прочитайте и переведите текст. Packaging operations

Packaging is a means for marketing and distributing products to customers and consumers. The process of bringing product and package together is usually the last step of the manufacturing operation. To do this successfully depends first on recognizing that the result must serve the marketing purpose.

Movement of solid and liquid products by pumps, conveyors, or other motive forces have been well-studied and engineered.

The objective of the packaging operation is to bring together the product and its packaging material and create a finished packaged product in quantities demanded at the appropriate time.

Simple enclosure of the product in the package is no longer acceptable, since the package usually serves functions other than protection. Although acting as a barrier against the environment is still a primary function. Retention of form and colour in the desired attractiveness must be also of great importance. Both product and package must be appealing – the former to the consumer in use, the latter to the consumer when making the purchasing decision. With the overwhelming majority of products, the consumer decision is based on the information and image (образ) conveyed by the package. There are three fundamental types of packages:

1) integral (as part of product manufacture: product and package must coexist) – for canned foods or carbonated beverages;

2) formed on the product (the packaging material does not exist in form until it envelopes the product) – pouches for beverage mixes;

3) preformed packages (the package is formed at one site and the product is inserted) – ready-to-eat cereal cartons.

Historically, the package making and package filling and closing operations were manual. Boxes, barrels, bags, bottles and even tin cans were hand fabricated. Products were measured out and filled manually. Mechanization and automation have resulted in considerable increase of productivity in this field. The development of new packaging materials and their combination in parallel with the development of closures for packages (caps, plugs, seals, and ties) have greatly affected the progress of packaging industry.

The benefits of packaging in the preservation, distribution, handling, and marketing of food and nonfood products are immense and can not be overestimated.

ASSIGNMENTS

1. Используя текст, назовите английские эквиваленты следующих словосочетаний.

процесс приведения в единое целое продукта и упаковки; широкое разнообразие упаковок; цель операции упаковки; упаковочный материал; конечный упакованный продукт; привлекательная упаковка; основные виды упаковок: неотъемлемая (от продукта), формованная на продукте и заранее формованная; средства закрывания упаковки; тароупаковочное производство; выгоды процесса упаковывания

2. Укажите номера синонимичных пар.

1. customer 2. engineer (v) 3. incorporation 4. identical 5. bring together 6. appropriate 7. protection 8. retain 9. purchase 10. appealing 11. manually 12.package/pack

1. wrap up 2. attractive 3. buy 4. by hand 5. defence (by a covering) 6. equivalent 7. keep 8. enclosure 9. connect 10. consumer 11. proper 12. construct