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Сочетания с глаголами широкой семантики: take, get, make – do…

Introductory Text

THE SCHOOL CURRICULUM and ACADEMIC PROGRAMS

THE SCHOOL CURRICULUM. We see the curriculum in terms of what the children and teachers do and what they learn from this, so we talk about experience and understanding. We aim to provide that the children will learn and for the ideas and information they will encounter . We teach to develop the children's language through both their experience and a stimulating environment, so that they learn to speak fluently, accurately and with confidence, to read, write and spell, to listen and to think imaginatively, to question and discuss. We work to engender a love of books and a desire to read for pleasure and information.

ACADEMIC PROGRAMS. The academic programs differ greatly in various universities. Students may concentrate in any academic departments and must take a special number of compulsory courses. However, they may simultaneously be involved in one or more interdepartmental programs. Students are free in selecting all courses available, which gives them a considerable flexibility in creating their own academic programs. Thus, there are no two identical undergraduate careers, especially in prestigious universities.

Nowadays, most college programs are in the form of what is called liberal arts. The emphasis in liberal arts education is placed on literacy in science, appreciation of arts, the development of critical thinking, and an understanding of our own and other cultures. It is aimed at giving the students a broad-based education. This means that over four years students take courses in history and humanities, social and political science, economics and psychology, natural science and mathematics, and even fine arts (music, sculpture, painting). Such liberal education provides an enormous advantage in fierce competition for entrance to the job market or professional and graduate schools, for many employers nowadays look for young people with analytic, problem-solving, and interpersonal skills, broad knowledge background and flexibility of mind complemented by the ability to learn and adjust to changes.

The tuition fees alone are rather high (ranging from $10,000 for an academic year at Harvard or Yale to under $1,000 at small public institutions). However, colleges are eager to help needy students who are able and highly motivated with scholarships, loans, as well as special programs (e.g. work-study programs, financial assistance programs) that are provided by the states and federal governments. In addition, an ever-increasing number of students hold jobs besides studying. These part-time jobs may be either “on campus*” (in the dormitories, cafeterias, services, in research and teaching), or “off campus” (with local firms, in offices, etc.). In this way, for example, more than half of all students at Stanford University earn a significant part of their college expenses during the school year, and the average scholarship is $4,500 per year. Thus, any student who really wants to can finance his education.

Most universities require mid-semester and final (end-of-semester) examinations. They are usually written. Mid-terms are given during class time, finals are held during the last week of the semester, each lasts three hours. Students may have two finals a day, which means six hours of writing. For classes like history, literature, or even science there are essay questions; for math there are problems to solve. Since it takes time for teachers to grade such written exams, students receive their grades in the mail a month, or two later. It is possible, as a great many students have learned, to “flunk out” of the university,

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that is to be asked to leave because of poor grades. So, many students who have scholarships must maintain a certain grade average to keep their scholarships.

Vocabulary

encounter = (зд.) to meet engender – вызыват

academic - учебный, академический, университетский; to differ - различать(ся), отличаться;

various - различный; number - число, количество; compulsory - обязательный;

simultaneously - одновременно;

to be involved (in) - участвовать (в); inter-departamental - межфакультетский; available - доступный, в наличии; considerable - значительный;

flexibility - гибкость;

to create - создавать, составлять; thus - таким образом;

identical - идентичный, подобный, похожий; liberal - свободный;

emphasis - основное внимание; literacy - грамотность;

appreciacion - оценивание; здесь;: умение разбираться (в); development - развитие;

broad - широкий, свободный; fine arts - изящные искусства;

to provide - обеспечивать, предоставлять; enormous - огромный;

advantage - преимущество;

fierce - суровый, жестокий, беспощадный; competition - конкуренция;

entrance - вступление; поступление; вхождение; employer - работодатель;

to look for - искать;

problem-solving - решение проблем; interpersonal - межличносный; skills - умения; навыки; background - образование, опыт; to complement - дополнять;

ability - способность;

to adjust (to) - приспосабливаться (к);

to range (from...to...) - варьировать (от... до...); to be eager - желать, хотеть;

needy - нуждающийся; scholarship - стипендия; loan - займ;

as well as - а также; state - штат;

government - правительство;

in addition - кроме того; в дополнение (к);

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ever-increasing - все возрастающий;

part-time job - работа с неполным рабочим днем; частичная занятость; campus - студгородок;

dormitory - амер. общежитие;

research - научно-исследовательская работа, исследование; to earn - зарабатывать;

significant - значительный, существенный; expenses - (мн.ч.) расходы, затраты; average - средний;

to require - требовать(ся);

final - завершающий, заключительный, итоговый; to solve - решать, разрешать (проблемы);

since - поскольку;

to grade - здесь: оценивать; to receive - получать;

in the mail - по почте;

to flunk out - быть отчисленным за неуспеваемость; to leave (left, left) - покидать, оставлять;

poor - здесь: плохой;

to maintain - сохранять, поддерживать; certain - определенный, некий;

to keep (kept, kept) - сохранять.

Word Study to the Text.

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участвовать (в) h/ получать отметки по почте i/ иметь целью j/ создавать свою собственную программу

Ex. Translate the following sentences into English.

1. Учебные программы в различных университетах очень отличаются. 2. Студенты должны изучать определенное число обязательных курсов (предметов).

3. Студенты свободны в выборе курсов, что дает им значительную гибкость

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создании своей собственной программы. 4. В наше время студенты получают образование широкого профиля. 5. Гуманитарное образование дает огромное

преимущество в жесткой конкурентной борьбе за вхождение на рынок труда. 6.

Многие работодатели ищут молодых людей с аналитическими умениями, умением решать поставленные задачи и умением общаться, дополненных умением общаться

и приспосабливаться к переменам. 7. Даже одна только плата за обучение достаточно высока. 8. Однако колледжи охотно помогают нуждающимся студентам. 9. Те студенты, которые хорошо учатся, получают стипендию.

10.

Существует также возможность брать займы. 11. Кроме того, все более возрастающее число студентов совмещают (combine) учебу с работой, работая

неполный рабочий день (part-time job). 12. Работать можно в самом студгородке (в общежитиях, кафе, сфере услуг, плюс преподавание и научные исследования) и за его пределами (в местных фирмах). 13. Таким образом,

более половины студентов Стэнфордского университета зарабатывают себе на

жизнь (earn one's living). 14. Большинство университетов проводят экзамены в середине и конце каждого семестра. 15. Экзамены в основном письменные.

16. Всегда существует опасность "вылететь" из колледжа из-за плохой успеваемости. 17. Поэтому студенты, которые получают стипендию, должны поддерживать определенный средний уровень оценок, чтобы сохранить свою стипендию.

Comprehension Check.

Ex. Answer the following questions:

1.Are the academic programs identical in all the universities?

2.How many courses do students take? Are students free in selecting them?

3.What does a broad-based education mean?

4.What does liberal education provide?

5.How big is the tuition fee at universities?

6.Can needy students get a help from the college they study at?

7.Do many students work while studying?

8.How often do they take exams?

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9. What do students do to keep their scholarships?

Topics to discuss.

1.Academic program.

2.Selection of courses.

3.Liberal education.

4.Combining job and studies.

5.Mid-tern and final exams.

Text 1A

COURSE INFORMATION.

(A lecturer is talking to students at the beginning of their course. )

Well, good morning, everyone. My first task this morning, and it's a very happy one for me to perform, is to welcome all of you to this first tutorial for the University of Brancaster course A753 on Art in Italy.I'll be passing around a paper on which I'd like you to write your names, so that I know exactly who's been present, and, as is the case for all tutorials, this also means that if anyone who should be here is not, then I'll be able to put any of the handouts given out during the tutorial in the post, so that you'll get the essential information in some form or other. Now there are two basic areas that I intend to deal with today. Past experience has shown that students starting the course have two areas of anxiety: the first is with how their work is going to be assessed, and the second is how best to study for the course.

As you will know if you've read the information sent to the course participants before the start of the course, you will be required to supply four pieces of written work for assessment purposes. Each of these Tutor Marked Assignments or TMA's as we call them must be submitted by the date laid down in your course details, and it's absolutely necessary to meet these requirement. No late assiegnments will be marked, whatever the reason for their being late, and your grade for the course will be affected.

Now I have some more important remarks to make about the actual mechanics of TMA writing. Although, as I have said, it is essential that you submit your assignment by the required date, I don't want you to feel too worried when you sit down to write the first one. Regard it as a chance to learn from the mistakes you're bound to make.

Word length is always laid down, and for the first TMA it is 2,000 words. You can regard this as a guide, and anything within 500 words either way will be acceptable. Remember that it is important to consider the question carefully and address yourself to the relevant issues. Length isn't an automatic indicator of quality. Legibility is important, it always helps if what you've written is easy to read. For this reason, we always prefer assignments to be typed if at all possible.

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If this is not possible, then please write as clearly as you can, allowing good margins so that comments can be written in. And it will help if you write on one side of the paper only. You'll also be receiving a separately written report on what you've submitted, with a grade.

At the end of your assignment, be sure to indicate all your sources of information - a bibliography including information about the publisher and date should appear at the end of the assignment, and don't forget to acknowledge quotations. Now before I move on to talk about how best to study for the course, would anyone like to ask any questions?

Vocabulary to the text

to perform - выполнять, совершать; tutor - наставник, куратор; tutorial - инструктивное занятие;

to pass around - передавать друг другу, по рядам; exactly - точно;

handouts - раздаточные материалы; essential - основной, существенный; to intend - намереваться, собираться; to deal (with) - иметь дело (с); anxiety - беспокойство, тревога;

to assess - оценивать;

to require - требовать(ся);

to supply - здесь: предоставлять; grade - (амер.) оценка;

to affect - влиять;

remаrk - замечание, примечание; to submit (to) - предоставлять; laid down - здесь: указанный;

assignement - задание; здесь: работа; to regard - рассматривать, считать;

to be bound to make - неизбежно сделать; guide - руководство;

within - в пределах;

acceptable - приемлемо, допустимо; relevant - уместный, относящийся к делу; issue - вопрос;

legibility - четкость (почерка); margins - поля (в тетради); to include - включать

source - источник;

to acknowledge - признавать; здесь: указать; quotation - цитата.

Ex. Answer the following questions:

1.Who was the tutorial conducted by?

2.What course does he deliver?

3.What are the main requirements to the course?

4.What does TMA mean?

Ex. Match the phrases with their Russian equivalents:

1. course on Art in Italy a/ источники информации

Ex. Translate the following phrases from the text and use them in the translation below.

1.Позвольте мне поприветствовать вас на первом инструктивном занятии.

1.Я передам по рядам лист бумаги, прошу вас записать свои фамилии.

2.Я должен точно знать, кто присутствует.

3.Я буду передавать вам раздаточные материалы тем или иным способом.

4.Прошлый опыт показывает, что у студентов есть две причины для беспокойства: как будет оценена их работа и каким образом лучше готовиться к занятиям.

5.В течение (учебного) курса требуется, чтобы вы предоставили 4 письменных работы, за которые вы получите оценки.

6.Работы следует сдавать до даты, указанной в описании курса.

7.Независимо от причины, работы, сданные поздно, оцениваться не будут.

8.Это повлияет на итоговую (final) отметку.

9.Поэтому сдавайте работы (задания) к требуемой дате.

10.Не нужно чрезмерно беспокоиться, когда вы сядете выполнять (писать) первое задание.

11.Это - шанс учиться на ошибках, которые вы неизбежно сделаете.

12.Такая работа считается приемлемой.

13.Длина текста не является автоматическим показателем качества.

14.Четкость почерка очень важна.