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3. The results of the two scientiscts' research.

Text 5.

THE RIGHT TIME AND PLACE

(Dealing With Stress)

How many of us have had unsatisfactory (or miserable) results because of hurried conversations? Lots of us, I believe. It seems key to me to consider: It's better not to have a conversation than to have a quickie that makes things worse

Taking a moment to think if this is the best moment for me to talk; and asking the other person if it is good for them is always helpful.

Remembering that sensitive topics are best covered in private, and if conflict is involved, on "neutral turf" (not at either person's office).

Jointly selecting the time and place is a good beginning to a meeting.

*Collecting my thoughts and writing down the key points I want to cover will ensure that they get covered; and that the other person's time is not wasted.

*Listening attentively to both verbal and non-verbal language of the other person is the key to successful communication.

*If near-perfect clarity is desired, writing a letter to the other person

with your version of what was agreed upon will get best results.

Bruce Johnsen, Management Consultant.

Text 6.

DEALING WITH STRESS

The word "stress" has become so commonplace and yet so vivid that it can produce a painful reaction just to read it. And certain times of our

lives, of each year and in history are more full of stress. Maybe you're in one of those periods.

I believe that a certain amount of unusual pressure or stress on us is good.

Think about championship athletes and their training programs: each day, they push their minds and bodies and ask for better performance. That's a good kind of stress. Also having to deal with increasing levels of responsibility or sticky interpersonal situations can result in a

healthy growth in our capabilities.

And then there's unhealthy stress. The kind that occurs when we have choices, like unhealthy relationships, and the kind where we take what comes, as in illness or injuries. Either way, it can seem overwhelming. In these situations, sometimes the best we can do is to try to find meaning for ourselves in overcoming and living through the difficulties. Each day we face the varying levels of stress at work and home, which can be dealt with a number of ways. Some proven, successful approaches are

* Finding a few minutes alone for prayer, meditation or quiet time before the busy day begins. This provides a calm, firm foundation for the day's activities.

* Looking at stressful situations as challenges to be overcome. It

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reminds me of going through the rapids in the Grand Canyon. I could either keep my head up and enjoy the rough ride or crouch down and feel sorry for myself. It's how I chose to respond that made the difference

in how I felt.

* Forgiving myself and others for mistakes. Instead of dwelling on what a jerk that person was who ran the red light, shrug your shoulders,

laugh it off and move on. Saves alot of churning stomachaches and worry wrinkles.

* Taking a time out when I begin to feel overwhelmed. There's nothing that says I can't take a few moments for some deep breathing and attitude adjustment when there's a break in the action.

* Engaging in regular exercise. This can range from simply walking (and talking with the people we love, which is even better) to more strenuous gym routines or sports. All of them result in better feelings and

reduced stress.

Don't take things too seriously. Deal with your stress in healthy ways and enjoy the ride of your life.

Vocabulary.

deal* (with) - иметь дело (с) unsatisfactory - неудовлетворительный miserable - несчастный

hurried conversation - поспешная беседа key - ключевой, важный

consider - рассмотреть

quickie - разг.: наспех сделанное дело, халтура make* worse - ухудшить

sensitive - чувствиельный topic - тема

cover - здесь: раскрывать

in private - при личной беседе involve - вовлекатьd

on "neutral turf" - на нейтральной территории jointly - совместно

select - выбирать

сollect one's thoughts - собраться с мыслями key points - ключевые вопросы

cover - здесь: затронуть ensure - обеспечить waste - терять понапрасну attentively - внимательно

verbal - вербальный, словесный near-perfect - почти совершенный clarity - ясность, четкость

desire - желать

agree (upon) - договориться (о) commonplace - общепринятый vivid - яркий, живой

painful - болезненный certain - определенный

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amount - количество, объем pressure давление championship - чемпионат training - обучающий

push - подталкивать performance - действие increasing - увеличивающийся level - уровень

of responsibility - ответственность sticky - сленг: неприятный

result in - вызвать в результате growth - рост

capabilities - способности occur - случаться

injury - повреждение; оскорбление, обида overwhelm - ошеломлять,

meaning - значение, смысл overcoming - преодоление face - сталкиваться (с)

vary - варьировать, различаться number of ways - разные способы . proven - опробированный, доказанный approach - подход

alone - в одиночестве prayer - молитва provide - обеспечить foundation - основа activities - деятельность challenge - вызов remind - напоминать rapids - пороги (речные)

rough ride - бурная поездка crouch down - разг.: согнуться

respond - реагировать, отвечать (на) forgive - прощать

dwel* (on) - здесь: зацикливаться (на) jerk - сленг: придурок, идиот

shrug one's shoulders - пожать плечами laugh it off - посмеяться над этим stomachache - боль в желудке

wrinkle - морщинка

take* one's time - не спешить overwhelmed - ошеломлен

deep breathing - глубокие вздохи

attitude adjustment - изменение отношения break - перерыв, пауза

ingaging (in) - заниматься

range (from┘to) - варьитровать(от┘до┘) strenuous - энергичный, напряженный gym - спортзал

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reduce - уменьшить

take* things seriously - принимать близко к сердцу ride - здесь: ход

Text7

Pollution

If we continue to exploit the earth in the way we have been doing, the planet will soon be destroyed. Do you agree?

Man has always regarded himself as the most important species on earth and has used whatever the planet can provide for his own good. It is only recently that we have

begun to question this behaviour and to realise that it cannot continue.

The second half of the twentieth century has seen many dramatic changes in the way we live, particularly in industrialised countries, and our environment is now paying

the price for this. Scientists tell us that there are holes in the ozone layer caused by excessive production of CO2, and this is likely to lead to a warming of the earth's

climate. It is quite conceivable that the polar ice caps will begin to melt and this might well result in large areas of land being flooded. Many people will, consequently, lose

their homes and their livelihoods.

The dangers of the warming-up of the earth, or the greenhouse effect as it is called, is something which it is becoming 'fashionable' to discuss and worry about. However,

there are other less fashionable aspects of the problem which, unless controlled, will lead to dramatic changes in the life of our planet. The destruction of large areas of

forests is not only reducing the oxygen supply but destroying the natural habitat of

thousands of different plants, animals, birds and insects.

Apart from these examples, the animal world has suffered greatly from man's greed. Our attitude seems to be: if we can use an animal either to make money from or to use for our own benefit, then we have the right to do so regardless of whether this causes

the species to become extinct.

In my view, we will have to reassess our way of living and question whether continued growth at the expense of other creatures and of the planet itself is

acceptable. Personally, I believe that the worsening situation will in all probability force us to change our behaviour both at an individual and a national level. The

developed world, which is responsible for the majority of the environmental problems we are now facing, also has a responsibility to help the underdeveloped countries not

make the same mistakes.

It is my opinion that our exploitation of the earth has already put its survival at risk; but I think there is a chance that, if we all work together, we will be able to save our planet from destruction.

How long can we continue polluting and destroying our planet before even those who benefit most from the ransacking of its resources realise that time is running but? The average global temperature is now almost one degree Fahrenheit higher than a century ago, and the number of natural disasters - floods, storms, drought, famine - has risen appreciably even in the last thirty years.

Global warming is largely the result of what is called 'the greenhouse effect'. This term describes the absorption of solar heat - which should naturally be re-radiated into space after striking the earth's surface - by various gases of which carbon dioxide (CO2) is the commonest. Every litre of petrol used - whether lead-free or not - represents the emission of 2.5 kilos of CO2 from your car exhaust. Burning fossil

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fuels - oil, coal, wood - to produce energy in power stations results in the release not only of CO2 but also of sulphur dioxide, the principal cause of acid rain.

As far as the destruction of our immediate environment is concerned, the effects of 'progress without responsibility' are there for all to see: chemical fertilisers and pesticides pollute our rivers, untreated sewage and radioactive waste are discharged into the sea to contaminate beaches and disrupt marine food chains, acid rain from industrial activity kills forests and lakes, and in some pans of the world widespread burning of forests catastrophically depletes the oxygen supply and accelerates the release of CO2 into the atmosphere.

But it is no use the rich nations of the world trying to moralise: they themselves are the countries that have produced the greenhouse effect. Our dunto the huge and expanding populations of the Third World is to pass on the bitter lessons we have learnt, to implement our own programmes of energy saving, and to help others develop the alternative low-energy technologies on which human survival will depend.

Vocabulary to the Text.

regard - рассматривать, считать species - вид

earth - (планета) Земля

provide - обеспечивать, предоставлять recently - недавно

particularly - в частность hole - дыра

layer - слой cause - вызывать

excessive - избыточный

likely - вероятно, по-видимому warming - потепление conceivable - воображаемый melt - таять

result (in) - дать в результате flood - потоп

consequently - соответственно livelihood - средство к существованию greenhouse - теплица

fashionable - модный unless - если не destruction - разрушение reduce - сокращать oxygen - кислород supply - запас

habitat - место проживания/произрастания apart (from) - помимо

suffer (from) - страдать (от) greed - жадность, алчность attitude - отношение benefit - прибыль regardless - несмотря на extinct - вымерший

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reassess - здесь: пересмотреть at the expense of - за счет creature - создание acceptable - приемлемый worsen - ухудшать probability - вероятность

be responsible for - быть ответственным за majority - большинство

envoironmental - экологический face - сталкиваться

survival - выживание pollute - загрязнять destroy - разрушать ransack - искать

run out - истекать average - средний

disaster - катастрофа, бедствие flood - наводнение

drought - засуха famine - голод rise* - поднимать

appreciably - заметно, ощутимо absorbtion - поглощение

solar - солнечный heat - тепло

radiate - излучать, испускать carbon - углерод

dioxide - двуокись common - общепринятый petrol - бензин

lead-free - без свинца

emission - излучение, выделение exhaust - здесь: выхлоп

fossil - ископаемый fuel - топливо

oil - нефть coal - уголь

release - высвобождать sulphure - сера

acid rain - кислотный дождь immediate - непосредственный environment - окружающая среда as for... concerned - что касается...

fertiliser - удобрение untreated - необработанный sewage - сточные воды waste - отходы

discharge - выливать

contaminate - загрязнять, портить beach - пляж

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disrupt - разрывать, разрушать marine - морской

chain - цепочка

widespread - широкораспространенный deplete - истощать, исчерпывать accelerate - ускорять(ся)

moralise - читать нотации duty - долг, обязанность huge - огромный expanding - здесь: растущий bitter - горький

implement - осуществлять, выполнять saving - экономия

survival - выживание

Comprehension Check.

Ex. Answer the following questions:

1.How has the man always regarded himself?

2.What are holes in the ozone layer caused by?

3.What can it lead to?

4.What is another name for the warming-up of the earth?

5.What is caused by the destruction of large areas of forests?

6.What did the animal world greatly suffer from?

7.What must people do in order to protect their immediate environment?

8.What is the average global temperature now in comparison with the last century?

9.What is caused by the "greenhouse effect"?

10.How much CO2 is emitted by the car exhaust?

11.What are the effects of "Progress without responsibility"?

12.How can the mankind protect itself from catastrofic damage?

Topics to discuss.

1.Greehhouse effect.

2.Dramatic changes in our life.

3.Actions to be taken by people.

4."Progress without responsibility"

5.The duty of the mankind

QUATATIONS AND JOKES

ENVIRONMENT.

- The environment is everything that isn't me.

- Albert Einstein. The most important thing about Spaceship Earth - an instruction book doesn't come with it.

Buckminster Fuller.

- Air pollution is turning Mother Nature prematurely grey.

- Irv.Kupcinet.

PROGRESS.

-Today every invention is received with a cry of triumph which soon turns into a cry of fear.

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- Bertold Brecht.

-

-NATURE.

-Nature thrives on patience; man on impatience.

- Paul Boese.

-The universe is like a safe to which there is a combination, but the combination is locked up in the safe.

-Peter de Vries.

-Man is a complex being: he makes deserted bloom and lakes die.

-Gil Stern.

-Nature never did betray the heart that loved her.

-William Wordsworth.

JOKES

*- The best defence against the atomic bomb is not to be there when it goes off.

The British Army Journal. *- Whenever science makes a discovery, the devil grabs it while the angels are debating the best way to use it.

Alen Valentine.

-Research is to see what everybody has seen, and to think what nobody else has thought.

-Albert Szent-Gyorgyi.

-- Computers can figure out all kinds of problems, except the things in the world that just don't add up.

-James Magary.

-*- If the human race wants to go to Hell in a basket, technology can help it get there by jet.

-Charles M.Allen.

-- Light is the ultimate messenger of the universe.

- BBC World Service.

-

-EXPERIENCE.

-- What you really value is what you miss, not what you have.

-Jorge Luis Borges.

-- Experience enables you to recognize a mistake when you make it again.

-Franklin P.Jones.

-- From error to error one discovers the entire truth.

-Sigmund Freud.

-- Experience teaches only teachable.

-Aldous Huxley.

-- Experience is a good teacher, but she sends in terrible bills.

-Minna Antrim.

CIVILIZATION (* - jokes)

-Each new generation is a fresh invasion of savages.

- Harvey Allen.

-- The human race has improved everything except the human race.

-Adlai Stevenson.

-- Any sufficiently advanced technology is indistinguishable from magic.

-Arthur C.Clarke

-- Our lifetime may be the last that will be lived out in a technological society.

-Isaac Asimov.

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- - Civilization is just a slow process of learning to be kind.

CREATION AND CREATIVITY.

- In creating, the only hard thing is to begin.

- James Russell Lowell.

- - Time is a great teacher, but unfortunately it kills all its pupils.

- Hector Berlioz.

-- The future is purchased by the present.

- Samuel Johnson.