Higher education in the usa

After leaving school young people either start working or enter colleges and universities. The state colleges and universities usual1y charge tuition fees. Usually there is no admission examination required by а state university for those pupils who have finished high school within the state. Private colleges and universities, especially such well-known institutions as Harvard, Princeton, Yale have rigid scholastic requirements for entrance and examination is one of them.

Colleges and universities can be private or public. In any case students have to pay for such education. State colleges and universities are not so expensive as private. Universities and colleges are built as а separate complex which is called "campus" which includes blocks, 1ibraries, dormitories etc. Universities are larger than colleges. The head of college or university is the president. Other members of the faculty hold academic ranks.

Col1eges and universities of the USA offer different programmes from academic to very practical. Students can get technical professions (mechanics, nursing, medical technology, computer technology etc).

Scholarships are possible for those students who succeed in education.

During the first two years students usual1y fol1ow general course and then choose а major subject or area in which they concentrate.

То get bachelor's degree (Bachelor of Arts or Bachelor of Science) young people study for 4 years.

То get master's degree (А Master of Art or Master of Science) people must study 1-2 years more and do а research work.

То get the highest academic degree (the Doctor of Philosophy) people need more years of study to complete the original research work, pass an oral, comprehensive examination.

Colleges grant а bachelor's degree. They also prepare students for graduate study leading to master's or doctor's degree or a job immediately after graduation.

Words and word combinations

necessary conditions – необходимые условия

subsidizing – субсидировать, финансировать

The Boaгd of Education – комитет по образованию

preschool education – дошкольное образование

nursery school – детский сад

public school – (бесплатная) государственная школа

private schools – частная школа

fee – плата

to afford – позволять себе что-либо в денежном отношении

elementary (primary) school – начальная школа

secondary (high) school – средняя школа

junior secondаrу school – средняя школа (для учащихся от 12 до 16 лет)

senior secondагу school – полная средняя школа (для учащихся от 12 до 18лет)

schedule – расписание

marks, grades – отметки, оценки

opportunity – возможность

further – дальнейший

tuition fees – плата за обучение

admission – прием в учебное заведение

rigid – жесткий

in any case – в любом случае

president – ректор

dormitory – студенческое общежитие

academic rank – ученое звание, должность

bachelor's degree – степень бакалавра

Bachelor of Arts – бакалавр гуманитарных наук

Bachelor of Science – бакалавр естественных наук

master's degree – степень магистра наук

research work – исследовательская работа

Doctor of Philosophy – степень доктора наук

Ответьте на вопросы:

1. What is the pre-school education in the USА?

2. What kinds of schools in the USA do you know?

3. What is an elementary school?

4. What is а Secondary School?

5. Do students have to pay for the higher education in the USA?

6. What programmes do the universities offer for their students?

7. What is the campus?

Lesson Five (The Fifth Lesson)

1. Text: “The Gubkin University”. 2. Words and word combinations.