6. Выразите несогласие и подтвердите свою точку зрения фактами из текста а. Используйте предлагаемые разговорные формулы:

as is known; to my mind; in my opinion; on the contrary; as for ...; I'd like to say that ...; it seems to be wrong; I can't agree with you.

1. The meaning of the term fossil is unknown.

2. Fossil fuels may be found only in sedimentary rocks.

З. Coke represents natural solid fuel.

4. Petroleum contains only hydrocarbons.

5. Gas is not so convenient type of fuel as coal.

7. Расскажите коротко (6-8 предложений) о разных видах топлива и других источниках энергии в промышленности и в быту в вашем городе/районе/республике. Используйте известные вам разговорные формулы.

Text: "How are Oil and Gas Formed?”

Knowledge of geology is the basis for all oil and gas exploration. In general four conditions must be fulfilled before oil and gas pools can form. There must be:

• source rocks where oil or gas is generated

• reservoir rocks where they can accumulate

• cap rocks to seal off reservoir rocks and stop further upward migration of the oil and gas, and traps, a geological structure in which hydrocarbons accumulate to from an oil or gas field.

It should be noted that the generation of oil is affected by a number of factors.

The formation of oil and gas from remains of plants and animals took million of years. Clays mixed with these organic remains were first deposited as mud on the sea floor. Later, several thousand meters of clays and sands were deposited over the organic mud, depressing these rich muds deeper into the subsurface. The deeper it was buried, the greater the pressure and temperature. As time went by the increased temperature partly transformed the organic matter to oil and gas. The organic mud was compressed by the weight of the overlying rocks. Sands however, cannot be compressed to any great extent. Water, oil and gas were squeezed out of the mud and into the pores between the grains of sand. Oil and gas, being lighter than water, moved up through the pores until they were trapped by tight layers of compressed clays. On the sea floor sand and clay layers are usually deposited horizontally, one layer is followed by the other. Therefore, any major accumulation of oil and gas is dependent on "traps". Thus, a trap is referred to as a subsurface structure where oil or gas can be (found) looked for.

Выберите правильный вариант ответа на вопросы:

1. What must be fulfilled before oil and gas pools can form?

a. There must be: source rock, cap rocks and traps.

b. There must be: reservoir rock, source rock, sedimentary rock and cap rock.

c. There must be: source rock, reservoir rock, cap rocks and traps.

d. There must be: traps, cap rocks, igneous and metamorphic rocks.

2. What was first deposited as mud on the sea floor?

a. Sands mixed with these remains were first deposited as mud on the sea floor.

b. Organic materials were first deposited as mud on the sea floor.

c. Debris and dust were first deposited as mud on the sea floor.

d. Clays mixed with these organic remains were first deposited as mud on the sea floor.

3. What was the organic mud compressed by?

a. The organic mud was compressed by the power of the overlying rocks.

b. The organic mud was compressed by the weight of the sedimentary rocks.

c. The organic mud was compressed by the weight of the overlying rocks.

d. The organic mud was compressed by the molecular weights of the overlying rocks.

4. How are sand and clay layers deposited on the floor?

a. Sand and clay layers are deposited vertically.

b. On the sea floor sand and clay layers are usually deposited horizontally.

c. Sand and clay layers are deposited straight on the sea floor.

d. On the sea floor sand and clay layers are deposited one after the other.

5. What is trap referred to?

a. A trap is referred to as hydrocarbon structure.

b. A trap is referred to as a sea floor structure.

c. A trap is referred to as a geological structure.

d. A trap is referred to as a subsurface structure.