This can keep therapeutic concentrations of the medicine in the body for longer periods of time, lowering the frequency of delivery and enhancing patient compliance (Rushikesh et al., 2021). Nanocapsules and nanogels, for example, can encapsulate herbal extracts and slowly release them over time, maintaining a consistent supply of active components (Sharma, 2014).

Employing nanotechnology revolutionized the contemporary and improvised approach of pharma­ceutical distribution and reaches peak efcacy with minimal toxicity used conventional herbal prod­ucts. The nanomaterials were utilized to enhance properties such as solubility, bioavailability, and the targeting ability of herbal substances (also described in Figure 10.1). The types of these engi­neered nanomaterials are nanoparticles, nanolayers, micelles, nanocapsules, and carbon- nanotubes. That constitutes some nanomaterials explaining their characteristics and uses, mainly in the eld of herbal drugs (Table 10.1).

It has been specically shown that nanotechnology increases the potential of herbal medicines in treating cancer. Figure 10.2 illustrates how herbal nanomedicines for cancer treatment use

Since ancient times, organic goods and remedial plants have played an important part in provid­ing healthcare and promoting the health of various populations. Natural origin pharmaceuticals, such as medical plants, herbal remedies, animals, fungi, and marine creatures, account for approxi­mately 50% of the market. Some of the biologically active compounds present in extracts show poor absorption and dispersion, as depicted in Figure 10.2. This may lead to reduced bioavailability and efciency, thereby limiting their practical applications in a clinical setting. Most herbal com­positions consist of biologically active ingredients with poor absorption and poor dispersion that together reduce their bioavailability and effectiveness. This can prevent applicability in the clinical setting. Several nanomedical techniques have been proposed to address this issue. These proposed techniques include polymeric nanoparticles, solid lipid nanoparticles, liposomes, microemulsions, liquid crystals, and transparent precursor carriers for liquid crystals. Overall, various sorts of nano­technological systems, applied alone or in combination, enhance the potential of herbal prescription formulations for greater absorption and biological action (Ahmed etal., 2021). An experiment was planned to investigate the potential for wound healing following treatment with silver nanopar­ticles derived from two major medicinal plants, Catharanthus roseus and Azadirachta indica leaves, on female BALB/c mice in an excision wound model. Both C Ag NPs and A Ag NPs demon­strated greater wound constriction than the control and positive- control groups. C AgNPs healed the wound by 94%, while A AgNPs closed it by 87%, as opposed to silica gel, which only closed it by 74%. This faster- healing tendency was attributed to the antibacterial character, which prevented the bacterium from causing irritation and inammation. Overall, C Ag NPs displayed greater heal­ing than A Ag NPs (Lakkim etal., 2020). The study examined by Attallah etal. (2022) measured macroscopic wound healing rates for the various groups on days 0, 3, and 7. The treatments used either Betadine™ or Gardenia thailandica Tirveng silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). By the end of the experiment, leaves treated with either of the two treatments had completely healed compared to the control. By the third day, the Betadine and AgNPs groups had signicantly healed their wounds, at

2022). In a S. aureus burn infection model, the combination of multi- walled carbon nanotube ten­sor and levooxacin (MWCNT- LVX) was found to kill or limit bacterial growth. At doses of 312.5,