Herbal medicine has been an integral part of human healthcare for thousands of years, with its roots in various conventional practices like traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and Ayurveda, and Indigenous knowledge systems across the globe. These systems have established the frame­work for the creation of herbal formulations, which are used to treat a wide array of health condi­tions. The past few years have seen a resurgence in the popularity of herbal products, driven by the global shift towards natural and holistic approaches to health and wellness. The increasing demand for herbal products, coupled with the advancements in scientic research, has brought the development and standardization of herbal formulations to the forefront of modern pharmaceuti­cal practices (Patel etal., 2022).

Standardization of herbal formulations involves the establishment of consistent manufacturing processes, including the use of standardized extracts with well- dened chemical proles, the implementation of quality control measures throughout the production process, and the adherence to regulatory guidelines. This chapter delves into the various aspects of herbal formulation

Terpenoids, including menthol, limonene, and carotenoids, are another signicant group of phy­tochemicals. Menthol, derived from mint species (Mentha), is renowned for providing a cooling feeling and is widely used in products for respiratory relief. Limonene, found in citrus peels, has anti- inammatory and antimicrobial properties, while carotenoids, like beta- carotene, are potent antioxidants that contribute to skin health and immune function (Verpoorte et al., 2005).

The presence of glycosides in herbal formulations contributes to their efcacy in treating cardio­vascular, inammatory, and respiratory conditions. Standardizing these compounds is crucial to ensure consistency and safety in herbal remedies (Bent, 2008).

SFE is especially effective for extracting thermolabile and non- polar substances, such as fatty acids, carotenoids, and essential oils, which may be degraded or lost during traditional solvent extraction. Additionally, by modifying the extraction process’ pressure and temperature, SFE enables the selective extraction of particular chemicals. For instance, it has been demonstrated that employing SFE to extract the essential oils of lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) results in a greater concentration of volatile components, such as linalool and linalyl acetate, compared to traditional hydro distillation methods (Pourmortazavi & Hajimirsadeghi, 2007).