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204 Herbal Pharmacopeia
signicant impact on how they affect plant growth with respect to the particular plant species. The
intrinsic photoluminescence of NPs or their combination with uorescent dyes allows them to emit
uorescence, making it possible to track their supply throughout the crop. The advantages and difculties of NPs are explored by researchers and further study will allow NPs to support targeted and
sustainable agriculture [179]. The herbicide’s genotoxicity was shown to be lessened by the nanoparticle systems through the use of the Allium cepa chromosomal aberration assay. The created formulations provide an effective way to manage agricultural weeds while lowering the possibility of
harmful effects on the environment and public health [180]. By tackling these issues and encouraging interdisciplinary research, the eld of nanoparticle transport in plants is well- positioned to signicantly advance sustainable agriculture and environmental management [181].
9.4.4 Role of nanoPaRticles and Rnai in Plant disease management
Research is being done on the powerful combination of RNA and nanoparticles for plant protection.
RNA interference (RNAi) is a natural defense mechanism found in plants. The method to silence
undesirable genes makes use of certain RNA molecules. Scientists can target genes critical to pests
or pathogens with small RNA molecules by nanoparticles and protecting plants [182]. These particles function as microscopic transporters by encasing the RNA molecules and shielding them
from deterioration. Researchers are always working to improve the properties of these nanoparticles, which can be created from a variety of materials. Additionally, this evaluation offers helpful
advice on selecting the best nanoparticle- based technology for efciently and sustainably delivering
dsRNA for pest control. Additionally, suggests future lines of inquiry for improving pest management techniques by utilizing dsRNA and nanoparticles [183].
A detailed and comprehensive knowledge of the connection between nanoparticles and plants
will provide genetic engineers and plant scientists with a roadmap for creating plant biomarkers and
investigating their possible uses in crop development [184]. The study shows that plant endogenous
genes can be transiently silenced using polymer- encapsulated dsRNA to provide long- lasting resistance against pests. This could be a useful technique for protecting crops and maintaining productivity [185]. Chitosan/SPc complex (CSC) may increase the stability of dsRNA and result in a 7%
decrease in uorescence intensity by nuclease treatment. Pathogens' efciency of dsRNA absorption
was effectively increased by CSC and chitosan (CS). Moreover, CSC may lessen pathogen invasion
and increase the duration of dsRNA’s protection up to twenty days. This work offers a fresh and successful SIGS- based method for creating RNA- based fungicides [186].With the advancement of phytonanotechnology, modern sustainable green agriculture is now feasible which is used to protect and
cultivate plants while anticipating phytopathogens and boosting the immune system beforehand.
Additionally, the use of phytonanotechnology in genetic engineering to improve plants’ resilience
and nutritional status, by boosting agricultural yields and crop quality. Furthermore, the benets of
edible nanocoatings formed by phytonanotechnology in the post- harvest preservation of crops and
other aspects are appearing rapidly. Research is being done on the powerful combination of RNA and
nanoparticles for plant protection [182]. RNAi offers a more focused and eco- friendly option which
denotes the temporary silencing of disease- or insect- deadly genes for agricultural protection. The
capacity of various nanoparticle- mediated delivery materials to distribute double- stranded RNA
(dsRNA) more effectively than traditional methods has been developed over time [187].
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Applications of
10
Nanotechnology in Herbal
Pharmacology
Jyoti Rani, Deepak Beniwal, Sahil Dhull,
and Vibhuti Gulia
Department of Botany, Chaudhary Devi Lal University, Sirsa, India
Mukul Machhindra Barwant
Department of Botany, Sanjivani Rural Education Society’s (SRES),
Sanjivani Arts, Commerce and Science College, Kopargaon, India
Balwant Singh
Department of Botany, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Avadh University,
Ayodhya, India
10.1 INTRODUCTION
The rapid evolution of nanotechnology has revolutionized numerous elds, from electronics and
materials science to medicine and environmental science. Among the myriad applications of nanotechnology, one of the most promising and impactful areas is its integration into herbal pharmacology
(Ansari etal., 2012). For millennia, herbal medicine has been a cornerstone of healthcare. Its roots
are deeply embedded in traditional practices across cultures (Mishra etal., 2022). Nanotechnology
has opened up a new way to improve the efcacy, bioavailability, and therapeutic potential of
herbal components, bridging the gap between old wisdom and modern scientic breakthroughs
(Chakraborty etal., 2016).
In 1959, Richard Feynman’s visionary lecture, ‘There's Plenty of Room at the Bottom,’ laid the
framework for future discoveries in nanotechnology. Feynman envisioned manipulating individual
atoms and molecules (Vaibhav etal., 2024). Advances in microscopy, materials science, and quantum mechanics have moved nanotechnology from theoretical concepts to practical applications during recent decades. Today, nanotechnology involves the characterization, design, and use of structure
and systems by amendable size and shape on the nanoscale (Sharma, 2014). Herbal pharmacology
has been practiced for millennia, drawing on traditional medicine systems like traditional Chinese
medicine (TCM), Ayurveda, and Native knowledge. Herbs have been utilized to cure a variety of
disorders by exploiting their complex phytochemical combinations (Chakraborty et al., 2016).
These natural substances, which include alkaloids, avonoids, terpenoids, and phenolics, have an
extensive variety of biological functions, such as anti- inammatory, antioxidant, antibacterial, and
anticancer characteristics. Despite their medicinal promise, herbal medications encounter problems
relating to stability, solubility, and absorption, which restrict their clinical usefulness (Sharma, 2014;
Vaibhav etal., 2024).
213