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Файл:Язык технологий комплексный курс английского языка для студентов технических специальностей. Учебно-методическое пособие.pdf
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Exercise 70. Fill in the correct preposition. You may find all the phrases in the text from
“reading” section.
1. The development of data analysis occurred due _______ the emergence of languages such as R
and Python.
2. The turning point _______ web development was due to the introduction of JavaScript,
which revolutionized client-side scripting.
3. Functional programming, with its focus on immutable data, is an ideal choice _______ complex
computational tasks.
4. The concept _______ object-oriented programming is fundamental to understanding many
modern programming languages.
5. Ruby’s elegant syntax and developer-friendly features make it an ideal choice _______ building
web applications ___ a short timeframe.
6. The turning point _______ mobile app development came along with the widespread adoption
of Swift for iOS development.
7. The concept of machine learning is intertwined _______ the idea of using data to train models
for predictive tasks.
Exercise 71. A. Fill in the words from the list.
B. Make sentences using the completed phrases.
standard / community / symbolic / web / enterprise / debugging / engineering / data
1. ………………. application
5. …………….. development
2. …………..…... computation
6. …………….. visualization
3. ……………….. support
7. ……………… tool
4. ……………….. library
8. ……………… software
Exercise 72. Solve the crossword puzzle.
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Across
Down
2. The quality or state of being able
to adapt to many different functions or
activities (n).
6. A piece of work to be performed (n).
7. Having the power or capacity to have
an effect on something (adj).
10. Help or assistance given to someone
or something, often in a time of need (n).
1. Able to be used or obtained; at someone’s disposal (adj).
3. The act or process of interpreting or representing something
in a visual form (n).
4. The quality of achieving a level of uniformity, standardization,
or regularity (n).
5. An abstract idea or general notion (n).
8. A means of solving a problem or dealing with a difficult
situation (n).
9. Easy to understand or operate without the need for explicit
instruction; instinctive (adj).
Exercise 73. Read and translate the memo.
To: All Employees
From: Sarah Johnson
Date: June 24, 2025
Subject: Proposal
Dear Team,
I am proposing a change in our company’s basic programming language from Java to Python.
This change is aimed at staying aligned with industry standards, increasing efficiency, and ensuring
long-term sustainability.
Your feedback on this proposal is important, and we will provide more details in the coming days.
Thank you for your attention.
Sincerely,
Sarah Johnson
Explain what memo is. Who is the addressee of this memo?
Write down a feedback to Sarah, reasoning your opinion.
Exercise 74. Read the text.
What’s the difference?
There are significant differences in the code of different programming languages. Each language
has its syntax, rules, and unique features that distinguish it from others. A skilled programmer can
usually identify the programming language used in a piece of code by analyzing its structure, keywords,
and specific functionalities. For example, languages like Python and Ruby have a more human-readable
syntax compared to languages like C or Java, which tend to be more verbose.
However, while experienced programmers can often identify a programming language by reading
the code, they may encounter challenges if the code is obfuscated or written in a style that intentionally
conceals its origins. In such cases, additional analysis or tools may be necessary to accurately determine
the language used.
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Exercise 75. Study the examples of different codes. What will we get with this code?
Python
JavaScript
C
Now try to define the programming language from the table below and explain what it does.
1
a) Python
b) C++
c) JS
2
a) Python
b) C++
c) JS
3
a) Python
b) C++
c) JS
4
a) Python
b) C++
c) JS
5
a) Python
b) C++
c) JS
6
a) Python
b) C++
c) JS
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Exercise 76. Answer the following questions.
1. What is your favorite programming language and why?
2. Have you ever faced language barriers while learning a new programming language?
3. Have you encountered any common problems or challenges when working with programming
languages, such as syntax errors, logical errors, or runtime errors?
4. Do you believe that a deep understanding of a single programming language is more valuable
than a shallow understanding of multiple languages?
5. Have you ever had to translate code from one language to another, either as a learning exercise
or in a practical project? Does it sound difficult?
6. How do you think the future of programming languages might evolve?
7. Can AI replace programmers? Why?
Exercise 77. Make a short report on any innovative programming language, tool or IDE.
Exercise 78. Write a monologue, using the following plan.
1. Programming languages (definition), most popular languages.
2. Python (history, features, sphere of usage).
3. JavaScript (history, features, sphere of usage).
4. C++ (history, features, sphere of usage).
5. My favorite language, reason.
Or you may use the premade monologue.
Programming languages are the set of instructions used to communicate with computers and
create various software applications. They are essential tools for developers to write, edit, and manage
code efficiently.
The most popular programming languages nowadays include Python, JavaScript, Java and C++.
Python, created by Guido van Rossum and first released in 1991, is known for its simplicity,
readability, and versatility. It is widely used in web development, data analysis, artificial intelligence,
and scientific computing.
JavaScript, developed by Brendan Eich in 1995, is a language used for creating dynamic, interactive
content on websites. It is also extensively used in backend development and for building web and
mobile applications.
C++, developed by Bjarne Stroustrup in the early 1980s, is a powerful language known for its high
performance, flexibility, and extensive usage in systems software, game development, and large-scale
applications.
Python is my favorite programming language due to its clear syntax, extensive libraries, and
strong community support.
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assist
помогать
associate
взаимодействовать, ассоциировать
available
доступный, имеющийся в наличии
back-end web development
разработка серверной части приложений
community
сообщество
completion
завершение, готовность
concept
концепция
cutting-edge
передовой, инновационный
debugging
отладка
diverse
разнообразный
domain-specific language
предметно-ориентированный язык
engineering application
инженерное приложение
extensive
существенный, значительный, экстенсивный
foundation
основа, база, фундамент
front-end web development
разработка клиентской части приложений
go-to
самый лучший, самый-самый
high-level
высокоуровневый
influential
оказавший большое влияние
intertwine ['ɪntə'twaɪn]
вплетать, переплетаться
intuitive
интуитивно понятный
large-scale
крупномасштабный
perform
исполнять, делать, совершать
platform
инструментальный комплекс
predate
предшествовать
preference
предпочтение; глобальные параметры
prevalent
широко распространённый, превалирующий
prominence
выдающееся свойство
rapidly
быстро, стремительно
simplicity
простота
simulation
искусственное воспроизведение, воссоздание
solution
решение
statistical analysis
статистический анализ
support
поддержка
symbolic computation
символьное вычисление
task
задача
traction
амер. поддержка
typesetting
набор текста
versatility
адаптивность, гибкость
version control system
система управления версиями
visualization
визуализация
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Unit 5. APPLICATION SOFTWARE AND IT IN CONSTRUCTION
Exercise 79. Answer the following questions.
1. Can you give an example of successful enterprise software?
2. Have you ever used any professional program?
3. What is application software?
4. Why is application software important for business?
5. Why does each organization have an IT department?
6. Why does each IT department have security division?
7. Why do most of professional applications have complicated interface?
8. What modern technologies are used for education?
9. What spheres of activity in Russia lack an IT part in it?
10. Can you carry on your education without IT?
Exercise 80. Explain the following words in English.
digital / design / industry / method / communication / tool / application software / efficiency /
improve / online / construction
Exercise 81. Read the following quote. What does it mean?
“Change is the law of life. And those who look only to the past or present are certain to miss
the future”.
John F. Kennedy
Exercise 82. Read the text. Give your definition to the words in bold.
As we already know, application software refers to all computer programs from media players
to games.
In various industries such as healthcare and finance, application software plays an important role.
For instance, Electronic Health Record (EHR) software is widely used in healthcare all over the world.
This software helps hospitals maintain and share records, so it’s much easier as for patients so for doctors
to reach data. Another example of enterprise software is customer relationship management (CRM).
It is used by financial institutions to manage client interactions.
In the construction industry, application software has evolved to make project management,
architectural design, and cost estimation easy and fast. Application software in construction industry
ranges from computer software to special software integrated into robots. It is obvious, that using
digital solutions, the industry can become more productive and even sustainable. Let us dive into
digital part of construction!
One major technology already familiar to you is Building Information Modeling (BIM). It creates
and manages digital representations of buildings and infrastructure projects. BIM helps architects,
engineers, contractors, and owners collaborate. They can see the projects in real-time and share
data which reduces mistakes and misunderstandings. BIM also keeps accurate data on quantities
and specifications to lower rework. BIM can also identify conflicts before construction starts to
save time and money.
Another technology that has already become familiar is unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs)
or drones. Drones have changed how we monitor and survey construction sites. Drones have high-
resolution cameras and sensors. They can take pictures and collect precise topographic data. This
data is very useful for tasks like site surveying, analyzing the land, and planning the project.
Drones give accurate measurements, can reach areas that are difficult to access, and allow us to
monitor progress regularly. Drones are now developed by many countries in terms of military activities
and numerous conflicts. But, as the history of technology teaches us – once used for war will be always
used for peace.
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Of course, drones can be considered as the branch of robotics. In general, the use of robots and
automation started to have an impact on the construction industry long ago. So robots now do
repetitive and dangerous tasks like laying bricks, pouring concrete, and lifting heavy objects.
Unlike human, these machines can work without any breaks. They reduce the time it takes to complete
a project and lower the risk of accidents. Robots are especially helpful in modular construction,
where parts of the building are made in a factory and then put together on-site.
If we consider less common technologies, augmented reality (AR) is a good example. AR adds
digital information to the real world. It lets us see virtual versions of building designs in the real
environment. Architects, engineers, and contractors can use AR to see buildings before they are built.
It serves well to find problems and coordinate within the project. AR can also be useful in
decision-making: you may see the completed project in detail before the construction is even started.
Many construction companies now use advanced data analytics and the Internet of Things (IoT)
devices to monitor and optimize energy use, manage waste, and use resources effectively. Sensors
in buildings collect data on things like temperature, humidity, and how many people are inside. Smart
buildings can change the lighting, heating, and cooling systems in real-time, which is an important
factor for occupational health and safety (OHS).
In addition, using technology has made it easier to work remotely. The development of the software
and the Internet allows for more work to be done off-site. Cloud-based platforms, project management
software, and video conferencing tools make it easy to work with people who are in different places.
Inspections and meetings can be done remotely, which means people don’t have to be physically
present as much and spend less time on the road.
The construction industry is continuing to use technology, and there are new trends like artificial
intelligence (AI) and blockchain that will have an even bigger impact. AI can help with planning
construction schedules, predicting risks, and automating decision-making. Blockchain offers transparent
and secure records of construction projects, which helps with payments, contracts, and logistics.
Exercise 83. Say if the following statement is true or false.
1. Building Information Modeling (BIM) allows to work together easily.
2. BIM provides data on quantities and specifications.
3. Drones have had no use in the construction industry.
4. Drones can’t collect precise topographic data.
5. Robots and automation have no effect on productivity and safety on construction sites.
6. Robots can perform tasks like laying bricks.
7. Augmented reality (AR) allows to see virtual versions of building design in the real environment.
Exercise 84. Fill in the table with information about the use of different technologies
based on the text.
BIM
AI
AR
UAVs (drones)
Which on these technologies will have the most significant impact in the future? Why?
Exercise 85. Make 5 special questions to the text.
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Exercise 86. Match each word from column A to its synonym from the column B.
Column A
Column B
1. Sustainable
A. Accurate
2. Minimize
B. Robotization
3. Precise
C. Reduce
4. Effect
D. Improve
5. Automation
E. Size
6. Optimize
F. Impact
7. Measurement
G. Eco-friendly
Exercise 87. Fill in the correct word from the list below to fulfill the sentence.
contractor / data / infrastructure / digital / measurement / repetitive / logistics
1. _________ analysis is crucial for making informed decisions.
2. Efficient _________ plays a vital role in the movement of goods from suppliers to customers.
3. Accurate _________ is essential for assessing the performance of a project.
4. Hiring a reliable _________ can ensure execution of construction projects.
5. Developing robust _________ is key to supporting economic growth.
6. _________ tasks can be automated using technology.
7. _________ transformation is revolutionizing industries.
Exercise 88. Form the words and fill in the gaps. Translate the sentences.
1. __________ is important in scientific experiments to ensure accurate results. (precise)
2. Companies offer innovative ___________ to meet the evolving needs of their customers. (solve)
3. ___________ devices are used to quantify various parameters such as temperature and pressure.
(measure)
4. _____________ tasks can be automated using technology, freeing up time for more valuable
activities. (repeat)
5. _____________ levels need to be controlled in certain environments to prevent damage or
ensure human comfort. (humid)
Exercise 89. Translate from Russian into English using active vocabulary for words in italics.
1. Ученый анализирует данные, чтобы найти закономерности и тенденции.
2. ИИ становится все более распространенным в современном мире, основанном на тех-
нологиях.
3. Мы приняли участие в виртуальной конференции, не выходя из дома.
4. Система информационного моделирования здания позволяет архитекторам более
эффективно проектировать и визуализировать сложные строительные конструкции.
5. Фотограф сделал потрясающие снимки с помощью своей камеры с высоким разрешением.
6. Компания внедрила процессы автоматизации, чтобы оптимизировать производственную
линию.
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Exercise 90. Fill in the correct preposition.
1. The new software tool is useful _______ organizing and managing project tasks.
2. The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact _______ global economies.
3. Driving under the influence of alcohol increases the risk _______ accidents and injuries.
4. Researchers are conducting surveys to collect data _______ consumer preferences.
5. The stock market updates are displayed _______ real-time on the trading platform.
6. The students conducted experiments to test their theories _______ the real environment.
Exercise 91. A. Fill in the words from the list.
B. Make sentences using the completed phrases.
modular / cloud-based / cooling / topographic / construction / artificial / digital / data
1. ………………. solutions
5. ………………. platforms
2. ………………. data
6. ………………. intelligence
3. ………………. construction
7. ………………. system
4. ………………. analytics
8. ………………. industry
Exercise 92. Solve the crossword puzzle.
Across Down
2. The basic systems and services, such as
transport and power supplies.
4. A detailed description of how something
should be done, made, etc.
9. A person or company that signs a contract to
supply materials or workers to perform a service
or a job.
10. Information, especially facts or numbers.
1. The use of machines and computers that can operate
without needing human control.
3. Created by computer technology and appearing to
exist but not existing in the physical world.
5. The act of figuring out the size of something.
6. A measurement of how much water there is in the air.
7. Able to continue over a period of time.
8. To store sounds or moving pictures using electronic
equipment.
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Exercise 93. Read the text.
AutoCAD is a computer-aided design (CAD) program widely used in various industries such as
architecture, engineering, and manufacturing. It has a user-friendly graphical user interface (GUI)
that allows users to create, modify, and annotate digital 2D and 3D drawings.
AutoCAD offers a range of functions to support design and drafting tasks. Some of its key features
include:
Drawing and editing tools. AutoCAD provides a variety of tools for creating precise geometric
shapes, lines, and curves. Users can easily modify and refine their drawings through commands like trim,
extend, and fillet.
Layers and properties. AutoCAD allows users to organize their drawings using layers. Each
layer can have independent properties such as color, line type, and visibility, helping users manage
complex designs effectively.
Dimensioning and annotation. AutoCAD offers tools for accurately adding dimensions and
annotations to drawings. Users can add text, symbols, and labels to communicate important information
within the design.
3D modeling capabilities. AutoCAD supports 3D modeling, enabling users to create and
manipulate 3D objects. It provides tools for extruding, revolving, and lofting geometric entities to
generate complex 3D shapes.
Collaboration and sharing. AutoCAD enables users to collaborate on projects by allowing file
sharing across teams. It supports various file formats for compatibility with other design software.
What’s the difference between CAD and BIM systems?
Exercise 94. Look through some action sequences, that will lead you to a precise result:
– Launch AutoCAD.
– Click on the “New” button or type “New” in the command line.
Result: A blank drawing window opens, ready for your design.
Now name the result of the following action sequences:
– Select the “Line” tool from the toolbar or type “Line” in the command line.
– Specify the start point by clicking on the desired location in the drawing window.
– Specify the end point by clicking on another location.
Result:
– Select the “Rectangle” tool from the toolbar or type “Rectangle” in the command line.
– Specify the first corner of the rectangle by clicking on the desired location.
– Specify the opposite corner of the rectangle by clicking on a different location.
Result:
– Select the “Dimension” tool from the toolbar or type “Dimension” in the command line.
– Click on the object you want to dimension.
– Move the cursor to position the dimension line and click to place it.
Result:
– Select the “Modify” tool from the toolbar or type “Modify” in the command line.
– Choose the editing command relevant to your task, such as “Move”, “Rotate”, or “Scale”.
– Follow the prompts to specify the objects and the modification parameters
Result: