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Файл:Язык технологий комплексный курс английского языка для студентов технических специальностей. Учебно-методическое пособие.pdf
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Exercise 46. Say if the following sentences are true or false.
1. The first computer programming language was developed in the 1940s.
2. Early software was only used for basic tasks like calculations and data processing.
3. Software development involves only high-level programming languages.
4. System software only includes operating systems.
5. Games are a part of application software.
6. The software development process starts with making a project plan.
7. After software development is finished, the developers can leave it be.
8. Software maintenance is only required when fixing bugs.
9. Software development is always a solo effort.
10. Software development has already reached its maximum level.
Exercise 47. Fill in the table with your examples of following software types.
Operating system
Device driver
Word processing
Gaming
Entertainment
Exercise 48. Match each word from column A to its synonym from the column B.
Column A
Column B
1. Instruction
A. Development
2. Design
B. Flexibility
3. Adaptability
C. Optimize
4. Advancement
D. Protocol
5. Sophisticated
E. Important
6. Refine
F. Well-designed
7. Significant
G. Progress
Exercise 49. Fill in the correct word from the list below to fulfill the sentence.
update / app / user-friendly / software / develop / feedback / driver
1. This company used to develop only __________, but now it has a great hardware production line.
2. You need to download the last version of the __________ for this device.
3. The team started to __________ the website with new features yesterday.
4. The developers changed the app in accordance with the __________ from customers.
5. My phone started to freeze after I’d downloaded that new __________.
6. It takes a lot of time to __________ a new operation system if you want to replace Windows OS.
7. This program is low on functions, but it has a __________ interface perfect for beginners.
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Exercise 50. Form the words and fill in the gaps. Translate the sentences.
1. Please refer to the user manual for _____________ on installation. (instruct)
2. The new software patch had a _______ impact on system performance. (sign)
3. The social media _______________ is popular among young people. (apply)
4. The _____________ process for new users involves registering with an email. (identify)
5. The company prioritizes quality ________ to ensure product reliability. (sure)
6. Artificial intelligence is driving rapid __________ in natural language processing. (advance)
7. User ________ helped developers fix several bugs in the latest update. (feed)
Exercise 51. Translate from Russian into English using active vocabulary for words in italics.
1. Компания решила разработать новое приложение, которое было бы удобным для
пользователя и работало бы без проблем на разных операционных системах, используя
улучшенные драйверы и утилиты для обеспечения плавности интерфейса.
2. Чтобы создать полноценное приложение, команда разработчиков получила подробные
инструкции по основным принципам разработки программы, включая определение ключевых
функций и итерационные методы доработки.
3. В процессе разработки команда регулярно проводила сессии обратной связи, чтобы
доработать язык программирования приложения, сделав его одновременно базовым и удобным
для пользователя.
4. Новые языки программирования и инструментарий привели к значительному прогрессу
в разработке приложений, позволяя разработчикам легко и быстро создавать сложные системы.
5. Чтобы сделать процесс разработки более эффективным, команда решила улучшить
язык программирования и использовать передовые образцы проектирования для улучшения
реализации приложения, в результате чего пользователи получили более детализированный
и удобный интерфейс.
Exercise 52. Fill in the correct preposition. You may find all the phrases in the text from
“reading” section.
1. Software is used ______ various purposes, such as data analysis, graphic design, and project
management.
2. ______ the other hand, hardware refers to the physical components of a computer system.
3. A range ______ programming languages is used for developing different types of software
applications.
4. Advancements ______ artificial intelligence have led to the development of sophisticated software.
5. Software can be classified ______ different categories based on its functionality.
6. With the advent ______ cloud computing, software-as-a-service (SaaS) has become increasingly
popular.
7. Mobile apps are used ______ various purposes, such as communication, entertainment, and
productivity.
Exercise 53. A. Fill in the words from the list.
B. Make sentences using the completed phrases.
word / programming / bug / wide / detailed / quality / operating / ongoing /
1. …………………. system
5. …………………. process
2. …………………. language
6. …………………. fix
3. …………………. processing
7. …………………. assurance
4. …………………. design
8. …………………. range
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Exercise 54. Solve the crossword puzzle.
Across
Down
1. A piece of software designed to perform a specifictask
or set of tasks on a computer or mobile device (n).
3. Acts or information, especially when stored or used
by a computer (n).
5. To add new information or make changes to a piece
of software (n).
7. Relating to or involving a process of repeating and
refining a series of steps in order to achieve a desired
outcome (adj).
9. Information about reactions to a product, used as a
basis for improvement (n).
2. The development or improvement of something (n).
4. The programs and other operating information
used by a computer (n).
6. A direction or order; a command designed to
direct the performance of specific tasks (n).
7. Point of interaction or communication between
components of a computer system, such as between
the user and the computer’s software (n).
8. A software component that enables communication
between the operating system and a specific hardware
device (n).
Exercise 55. Put the passages of a letter in a correct order. Read and translate the letter.
Subject: Re: Software License Key Request
A. I hope this email finds you well.
B. In order to provide you with a new license key, we kindly ask you to provide us with the
following details.
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C. Once we receive this information and verify your purchase, we will promptly issue a new license
key to enable you to continue using our photo editing software.
D. Should you have any further questions or require assistance, please do not hesitate to contact us.
E. Your full name/Email address used for the purchase/Any order reference number if available.
F. We acknowledge your recent request for a new license key for our photo editing software.
We understand the inconvenience caused by losing your previous key, and we are here to assist you
with this matter.
G. Dear Mr. Govard…
H. Thank you for your understanding and cooperation.
I. Warm regards…
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Answer the following questions.
1. Who is Mr. Govard?
2. What is Mr. Govard problem?
3. What solution does the company suggest?
Write a letter, which may have preceded this e-mail.
Exercise 56. Read the text. Pay attention to the terms in italics.
Windows Interface Elements
The Windows interface is the graphical control panel through which users interact with the
Windows OS. It consists of various elements.
At the top of each window, there is a title bar that displays the title of the window and contains
the “minimize” and “maximize” buttons, which allow users to reduce the window to the taskbar or
expand it to full-screen size. Also, you'll often find an icon in the top-left corner representing the
program or file being viewed.
Within the window, there may be a scroll bar, which enables users to move up and down or left
and right within the window content if it doesn't all fit on the screen. The menu is typically located
at the top of the window and provides a list of options and commands that users can choose from.
When navigating through files or folders, the left-hand pane often shows a list of directories or
categories, while the right-hand pane displays the contents of the selected directory or category.
Within these panes, users can navigate through folders, each containing various file types. These
files are represented by icons, and their names, known as filenames, are displayed beneath the icons.
When working with multiple tabs, users can switch between different sets of content within a
single window. Additionally, users can interact with different dialog boxes or options using checkboxes,
which allow for multiple selections, and radio buttons, which permit users to choose only one option
from a list.
Finally, when right-click within a window, a pop-up menu appears, offering a set of context-
specific commands to choose from based on the location within the interface.
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Exercise 57. Match the words from the box with the letters on a screenshot below.
scroll bar / menu / title bar / minimize button / maximize button / folder / icon / filename / tab /
check box / radio button / left-hand pane
Exercise 58. Work in pairs and decide which result (a–g) each action (1–7) will have.
1. Double click on the title bar
A. To move the window
2. Slide the scrollbar down
B. And the window fills the screen
3. Click on a menu
C. To open it
4. Right click on an icon
D. To open a new menu
5. Click the minimize button
E. To scroll the window pane down
6. Select the icon
F. To hide the window
7. Drag the title bar
G. And its background changes its color
Now read the dialogue.
Alice: Hey, I need some help. I can’t find the file I need.
Mark: Do you remember its directory?
Alice: No, I don’t.
Mark: Okay. Open up any window.
Alice: What?
Mark: Double-click on any folder.
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Alice: Done it.
Mark: Good. Now please, take a look on the left side of the window, there’s a pane with directories.
Find “this computer” icon and double click on it.
Alice: I don’t see it.
Mark: Scroll down the left-hand pane.
Alice: Ah, now I see it!
Mark: Double-click it.
Alice: Done.
Mark: Now take a look at the right upper corner, you will see the search panel with a little magnifying
glass in it. See it?
Alice: Yes.
Mark: Great, now insert the filename into this search panel and wait till the system finds the file.
Alice: Just a second… ah got it! Thank you so much!
Role-play the similar dialogues, trying to solve the following problems.
A. “I can’t delete the file”.
B. “The time of taskbar is incorrect”.
C. “I can't find a file I downloaded from the internet”.
D. “I need to rename the file”.
E. “I need to make a shortcut of the file”.
F. “I need to save the file to my flash drive”.
G. “I need the program to always be run as administrator”.
Think of other simple problems you faced and ask your groupmates to help solve it.
Exercise 59. Write a monologue, using the following plan.
1. Software (definition, short history).
2. Types of software.
3. You favorite piece of software (the developer, short history of development, main functions,
one “secret” function and instruction how to find it).
Or you may use the premade monologue. Make sure you use the active vocabulary in italics.
Software refers to the programs and applications that tell a computer what to do. In the past,
software started with simple instructions for calculations, but as technology advanced, it grew into
more complex forms, boosting everything from games and social media to business tools.
There are two main types of software: system software and application software. System software
manages the computer’s hardware with drivers and utility programs. It also includes operating systems
like Windows and macOS. Application software, like web browsers and media players, helps users
perform specific tasks.
My favorite piece of software is Google Chrome, developed by Google Inc. It first appeared
in 2008 and provided a faster, simpler, and more secure web browsing experience.
Its main functions include tabbed browsing, bookmarking, and built-in translation services.
One of its lesser-known features is the “Inspect” tool. It allows the user to study the code and structure
of the page for learning or bug-fixing purposes. To get this tool you need to open Google Chrome,
open any web-site and press F12 key on your keyboard. You will see a new pane with the code on
your right.
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adaptability
адаптивность, способность к самокоррекции
advance
прогрессировать
advancement
прогресс, улучшение
advent
наступление, открытие
app
мобильное приложение
application (program)
прикладная программа
basic
базовый
bug fix
устранение ошибки
button
экранная кнопка, кнопка
checkbox
поле для галочки
collaborative
совместный
data
данные
design
разработка
detailed
подробный, обстоятельный
develop
разрабатывать
dialog box
диалоговое меню
driver
программа управления устройством
feedback
реакция, обратная связь
folder
папка
identification
определение
implementation
применение, внедрение
instruction
инструкция
interface
область взаимодействия, интерфейс
iterative
циклический, итерационный
ongoing
непрерывный
operating system
операционная система
pane
область окна
programming language
язык программирования
quality assurance
обеспечение качества
radio button
кнопка с зависимой фиксацией
refine
оптимизировать, улучшить, доработать
relevant
соответствующий, релевантный
scroll bar
линия прокрутки меню
shape (v)
придавать форму, формировать
significant
значительный
software
программное обеспечение
sophisticated
продуманный, проработанный
tab
вкладка
taskbar
панель задач
title bar
строка заголовка
tool
инструмент
update
обновлять
user-friendly
простой в освоении и использовании
utility (program)
служебная программа
write code
писать код, кодить
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Unit 4. PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES
Exercise 60. Answer the following questions.
1. What is your favorite programming language?
2. What was your first programming language to learn? Was it hard?
3. Why must you study C?
4. If you could create your own programming language, what would you name it and what features
would it have?
5. Do you think learning a programming language is like learning a foreign language? Why or
why not?
6. What do you find most challenging about learning a new programming language?
7. What are some common issues when writing code?
8. Have you ever tried to use AI to write code?
9. How will programming languages evolve in the future?
Exercise 61. Explain the following words in English.
code / language / algorithm / function / loop / data / error / debug / command / command line /
number / condition / input / output
Exercise 62. Read the following quotation. What does it mean?
“The most damaging phrase in the language is: ’It’s always been done that way’”.
Grace Hopper, a pioneering computer scientist.
Exercise 63. Read the text. Give your definition to the words in bold.
Programming languages are main tools that allow programmers to instruct computers to perform
specific tasks. A programming language provides a structured way of communicating with a computer
and software and applications development. Each task has its own range of programming languages
to fulfill. Specific tasks require specific programming languages.
The history of programming languages is intertwined with the evolution of computing and
microelectronics. While the concept of instructing machines predates electronic computers, the
development of digital technologies in the mid-20th century marked a turning point in the creation
and use of programming languages.
The first high-level programming language, FORTRAN (short for “Formula Translation”),
was developed by a team at IBM led by John Backus in the 1950s. FORTRAN was revolutionary as
it allowed programmers to write code in a manner closer to human language. The language structure
made it particularly well-suited for scientific and engineering applications.
Following FORTRAN, programming languages continued to evolve rapidly. In 1958, John
McCarthy introduced LISP. It became an influential language in the field of artificial intelligence
and symbolic computation.
Then in 1972, Dennis Ritchie created C. This language which quickly gained prominence.
C became the foundation for many modern languages, including C++, Java, and Python. Nowadays
it remains a fundamental language used by professional programmers for developing system software.
The variety of programming languages available today reflects the diverse needs and preferences
of developers. Python, developed in the late 1980s by Guido van Rossum, has gained popularity due
to its simplicity, readability, and versatility. Python has clear syntax and extensive standard library.
This makes it an ideal choice for a wide range of applications including web development, data
analysis, artificial intelligence, and more.
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Java was first released by Sun Microsystems in 1995. It has become a basis in enterprise software
development. It gained strong community support cause of its “write once, run anywhere” philosophy
and robust standard library. We can call Java a go-to language for building large-scale applications.
As for web development JavaScript is one of the best options. It was developed in a short
timeframe in 1995 but nevertheless it has become prevalent. JavaScript capabilities for creating
interactive and dynamic web experiences have made it an optimal language for front-end and back-end
web development.
New programming languages keep appearing every year. Some of them become popular and
commonly used, others disappear without community support. For example, recently languages like
Swift and Kotlin have gained popularity in mobile app development. Swift was introduced by Apple
in 2014. It offers a powerful and intuitive way to build apps for iOS, macOS, watchOS, and tvOS.
Kotlin, developed by JetBrains, has been used for its consistency with Java and its ease of use, especially
in Android app development. Both these languages survived because they had strong commercial or
community support.
We should also understand, that bare programming language is a useless thing. So, specialized
software tools and platforms have been developed to assist programmers in writing, testing, and
debugging code. Integrated Development Environments (IDEs) such as Visual Studio, IntelliJ IDEA,
and Eclipse provide platforms for software development. These environments or platforms can suggest
such features as code completion, debugging tools, and even integration with version control systems.
The appearance of a programming language is always caused by the needs of the developer.
It explains the wide range of domain-specific languages and tools, created to address programming
needs in various spheres. MATLAB, for example, is widely used for mathematical computing and
simulation. R has gained traction in statistical analysis and data visualization. LaTeX is the language
for typesetting and document preparation in scientific and technical publishing.
The evolution of programming languages and associated software tools is ongoing process. It reflects
the dynamic nature of technology. As new tasks emerge in various spheres, programming languages
will be developed to help create cutting-edge solutions.
Exercise 64. Answer the follow-up questions.
1. What is the primary function of programming languages?
2. How is the evolution of programming languages connected to the progress in computing
technology?
3. Who developed FORTRAN?
4. In which field has LISP become an influential language?
5. What language can be called fundamental?
6. What are the key characteristics of Python?
7. Why has Java been used in enterprise software development?
8. Why is JavaScript essential in web development?
9. What are some modern languages?
Exercise 65. Fill the table with the information from the text above.
Language
Date of introduction
Developer
Main features
Sphere of usage
FORTRAN
LISP
C
Python
JavaScript
Swift
Kotlin
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Choose one programming language and make a short report about it.
Exercise 66. Match each word from column A to its synonym from the column B.
Column A
Column B
1. Perform
A. Fast
2. Rapidly
B. Significant
3. Extensive
C. Big
4. Versatility
D. Carry out
5. Large-scale
E. Refine
6. Debug
F. Basis
7. Foundation
G. Flexibility
Exercise 67. Fill in the correct word from the list below to fulfill the sentence.
completion / support / typesetting / task / solution / simulation / available
1. The ____ for today’s lesson is to familiarize yourselves with different programming languages.
2. The _____________ of the project will depend on how well you grasp the concept of
programming languages.
3. We will use a _______________ to illustrate how programming languages function in real-world
scenarios.
4. Various resources are _____________ online for learning different programming languages.
5. The IT department will provide __________ to help you understand the structure of various
programming languages.
6. Understanding _____________ is crucial for creating professional-looking documents in
programming.
7. Let’s work together to find a _________ to the programming challenge using the knowledge
you gain have.
Exercise 68. Form the words and fill in the gaps. Translate the sentences.
1. The ____________ of complex data sets is essential for making informed decisions. (visual)
2. Their company is known for its ____________ technology in the field of artificial intelligence. (cut)
3. The ____________ of the user interface makes the software easy to use for beginners. (simple)
4. Some programming languages ____________ the modern internet era. (date)
5. The ____________ of certain programming languages often reflects their usefulness in various
applications. (popular)
6. This ____________ software can process large amounts of data within seconds. (power)
7. Proper ____________ is key to successfully implementing new programming techniques. (prepare)
Exercise 69. Translate from Russian into English using active vocabulary for words in italics.
1. Концепция символьных вычислений возникла еще до появления современных компьютеров
и берет свое начало в древних математических теориях.
2. Высокоуровневые инженерные приложения быстро набирают популярность благодаря
своему влиянию на различные отрасли промышленности.
3. Символьные вычисления являются основой для решения разнообразных математических
задач, что делает их доступными для широкого пользовательского сообщества.
4. Большинство программистов предпочитают простоту и универсальность предметно-
ориентированных языков в крупномасштабных инженерных приложениях.
5. Системы контроля версий являются основными инструментами для управления
обширными кодовыми базами при разработке серверной и клиентской части приложений.