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Файл:Практикум устной речи (английский язык). Учебное пособие
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4. standard d. called, named, nicknamed
5. dubbed e attempting, trying
6. wrinkled f. not smooth
7. under wraps g. putting in
8. sickly h. typical, normal, traditional
9. accounts for i. unbelievably, amazingly
10. in short supply j. makes up, is
c) Choose the best answer:
a. The strawmato………
(1) is a cross between a strawberry and a potato (2) is half as
sweet as a standard tomato (3) looks like a strawberry
b. The so-called “ugly tomato”…. (1) is light green (2) is sweeter
than a strawmato (3) has a smooth skin
c. Marks & Spencer ……. (1) began selling cherry tomatoes in the
1980s (2) now stocks 30 varieties of tomatoes. (3) says customers like
exciting foods
d. Spain…. (1) was hit by a series of floods. (2) providers 90 % of
Britain’s tomatoes (3) produced fewer tomatoes this year
e. Sainsbury’s sells…… (1) a purple carrot (2) a blue tomato (3) an
orange cucumber
f. Waitrose is now selling…. (1) a brown beetroot (2) a square banana (3) a round carrot
Section three. Consolidation and creative work
4. Work in pairs. Discuss the following:
a. It is safe to create new foods like the strawmato in a laboratory?
b. Environmental campaigners claim that we are creating “Frankenstein food” with dangerous longterm implications. Do you agree?
c. GM (genetically modified) crops produce more food from a
smaller area of land. It is good to do this to feed more people? Or
should we ban all GM food?
d. Do you ever read the labels on packets of food? Do you understand the information given? Do you care what is in your food?
e. Is it right to put pesticides or sprays on crops, or should all food
be organic?
f. Do you ever buy organic food? Why is it more expensive than
non-organic food? Would you buy it if it were cheaper?
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g. Should we trust scientists who say that these new foods are
safe?
5. Work in groups. Come up with a new kind of food. Describe
its taste and appearance and explain why it would be popular.
a) Present your new product to the rest of the class using the
language below:
We have created a new kind of food called a _______________.
What is different about it is that it is _____________.
It has unusual appearance. It is _________with_______.
It tastes (more / less) ___________.
This product will appeal to _________and people will buy it because________.
Well, that’s our product. What do you think of it?
b) The other groups now vote on whether this product should
be made or not. They should say why / why not.
6. Discussion Discuss the problem of creating new foods using the
method of PRES-formula (see Appendix 1)
Задания для самостоятельно-контролируемой работы: Study
unit 4 CHRISTMAS from e-textbook ‘Contemporary English via Video
and Internet Resources’ by E. Minkova, A. Tkacheva, I. Palchune.
Вопросы
1. What is “food” and what is “meals”?
2. What do you know about healthy food?
3. Do you agree with the statement “You are what you eat”?
4. How many meals a day do you generally have?
5. How many courses do these meals consist of?
6. What national cuisines do you know?
7. Can you share any special recipes?
8. Do you eat out a lot?
9. When do you mostly eat out?
10. Eating at restaurants is a waste of money. Do you agree?
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Тема 5
EDUCATION AND STUDIES
Цель – формирование общекультурных и общепрофессиональных компетенций через развитие навыков чтения, аудирования и письма по теме «Образование и учеба».
Актуальность темы состоит в необходимости формирования
у студентов-лингвистов способности участвовать в непосредственном диалоге культур, совершенствоваться в иностранном
языке и использовать его для углубления своих знаний в области
общественной жизни, имеющей отношение к поступлению и обучению в университете в странах изучаемого языка.
Освоение вышеуказанных аспектов работы будут способствовать формированию следующих компетенций:
– владением культурой мышления, способностью к анализу,
обобщению информации, постановке целей и выбору путей их достижения, владение культурой устной и письменной речи (ОК-7);
– владением основными дискурсивными способами реализации коммуникативных целей высказывания применительно к особенностям текущего коммуникативного контекста (время, место,
цели и условия взаимодействия) (ОПК-5);
– владением основными способами выражения семантической, коммуникативной и структурной преемственности между
частями высказывания – композиционными элементами текста
(введение, основная часть, заключение), сверхфразовыми единствами, предложениями (ОПК-6);
– способностью свободно выражать свои мысли, адекватно
используя разнообразные языковые средства с целью выделения
релевантной информации (ОПК-7);
– готовностью преодолевать влияние стереотипов и осуществлять межкультурный диалог в общей и профессиональной
сферах общения (ОПК-9);
– способностью использовать этикетные формулы в устной и
письменной коммуникации (ОПК-10).
Освоение вышеуказанных аспектов работы будут способствовать формированию знаний, умений и навыков, указанных в Предисловии.
83
ТЕОРЕТИЧЕСКАЯ ЧАСТЬ
Little academic dictionary
Some terminology will be useful before you read this chapter, because not only do the British and Russians use some words differently,
but Americans use them differently from either of us.
1. Student means anyone studying for any course which is at .1
more advanced level than school courses. (In fact, 'school Undent' is
now quite common for older school children. So you can be a student
between the ages of 15 and 95!)
2. Undergraduate means a student working for his or her Inst de-
gree. This usually takes three years of full-time study in England and
successful students are normally awarded either a B . A . or a B.Sc.
(Bachelor of Arts or Bachelor of Science).
3. Degree means a qualification awarded by a university which is
widely recognised and is, in some sense, similar to other degrees with
the same title, even if the courses are quite different. Despite this official explanation, we know very well l hat a degree from a high-ranking
university will not be the same as a degree from a low-ranking university.
4. A post-graduate is someone studying for a second or further
degree.
5. A university teacher is usually called a 'lecturer’. More experi-
enced teachers may be promoted to 'senior lecturer’. We have no assistant or associate professors as in America – for us, a Professor is a Professor and you have to be both good and experienced to become one.
We have no special professorial degree like your ‘doktoral’.
6. PhD is an approximate equivalent to your 'kandidatsky' degree.
Someone with a PhD is entitled to call himself or herself 'Doctor'.
However, PhDs are now so common that many people do not bother to
use the title.
7. A Vice Chancellor is equivalent to your 'rektor'.
8. A Chancellor holds, ostensibly, the most senior post in the uni-
versity, but the position is largely ceremonial. Real power lies with the
Vice Chancellor.
9. Department is what Russians call a 'kafedra'. (We do not use
the word Chair – this is a standard error in Russia – and the reason is
that a ’Chair' in English means the position of a particular Professor.
84
We can say, 'Professor Smith holds the chair of Modem History'. The
implication is that if Professor Smith retires someone else must be appointed to sit in that Chair.
10. Dean is used as a title in some universities and not in others;
it can mean many different things, though rarely 'the elected Head of a
Faculty' and never the 'Head of a University' as in America.
Britain has about one hundred separate universities, all of them
state universities. There are no private universities in their system
(apart from the tiny Buckingham University which caters mostly for
Americans). Each university has a finite number of places for undergraduates, and each place is funded by the state. So school leavers are
competing for a limited number of places which are awarded on academic achievement and ability judged on the basis of examination results, together with school reports, personal reports and interviews.
There are no 'commercial students’ for undergraduate degrees.
English school pupils who hope to go to university have a number
of curriculum and examination routes in order to find a course and a
university that suits them, but by far the most common of these routes
is the А-Level (or Advanced Level of the General Certificate of Education).
By the time they take their А-levels most of these school leavers
are eighteen years old. They have already taken A-S levels, a kind of
halfway exam for the А-level which helps teachers and pupils to work
out who will succeed and who will fail in passing the А-level exams
with ’good grades’. After A-S levels, these boys and girls begin their
final year of schooling. At this point, in September or October, they
start the process of gaining a place at university for the following academic year.
During January and February they may be interviewed by two or
three of the universities and then offered places at two of them provided
that they get specified grades in your А-level subjects. In May and June
at the end of your school year they take А-level exams. The results are
announced in late August.
Because the state pays for each place, and because universities are,
up to a point, given more funds according to the results of their students
in their final exams, it is in the interests of each university to select the
cleverest, brightest, most intelligent and hardworking students from
those who have applied. And because the А-levels (and exams on alter-
85
native routes to university) are marked anonymously, there is no place
apprenticeship
N. training in art or a trade
This world is also sometimes used to describe educational
training programs common in Europe and much of the world in
which young people learn their profession through on-the-job
training in companies and organizations. Often this includes
one or two days a week of in-class training. This kind of education is uncommon in the United States.
to be funded
V. to be paid for, to supply the money for
a degree
N. a title given by a university
facilities
N. services or conveniences
to major
V. to specialize in (a particular academic field)
a major
N. the main field of study in which a university students specialized
to minor
V. to have a secondary specialization in (a particular academic
field)
a minor
N. the secondary field of study in which a students specialized
to stand for
V. to be the short form of, to represent, to mean
terminology
N. specialized words or expressions used in a particular field,
activity, job, science etc.
to transfer
V. 1) to change schools 2)to move from one place to another
SAID OF PEOPLE OR THINGS
B.A.
N. Bachelor of Arts, an undergraduate degree in s humanitiesrelated subject
for special financial arrangements (otherwise known as bribes).
ЗАДАНИЯ
I. SOME ASPECTS OF UNIVERSITY LIFE
Section one. Conveying meaning
1. Warm-up activity. Discuss the following: 1. Is there a differ-
ence between a college and a university in Great Britain (in Russia)?
2. Is a University bigger than a college as a rule? 3. What does a university consist of?
2. Key words. Study the following vocabulary and then do the
following exercises.
Higher Education
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B.S.
N. Bachelor of Science, an undergraduate degree in s sciencerelated subject
Master’s
N. the graduate degree after a bachelor’s and before a Ph.D.
There are also different kinds of master’s including M.A. (Master of Arts), and (Master of Science), M.B..A. (Master in Business a Administration),etc.
Ph. D.
N. doctorate, highest graduate degree Although Ph.D. stands
for doctor of Philosophy, it is commonly used to refer to a doctorate in any field.
Key words in Conversation
Use the above vocabulary to fill in the blanks in the following dialogue.
Lars: Tina, I am trying to fill out this job application and they
want to know about my educational history. It's a little confusing because I don't understand the _________ they are using. I don’t really
know much about the American educational system.
Tina: In America, all students basically study the same thing until
they are around 18. After high school, students have the choice to start
working or go to college.
Lars: What is the difference between a college and a university.
Tina: In the U.S., there isn't a big difference between the two. Col-
leges tend to be smaller schools and universities are usually larger
schools with more ______________________; however, we often use
these words interchangeably.
Lars: Can Americans do _________to prepare themselves for
their future careers? Many people do that kind of job training in my
country.
Tina: that’s not very common in the United States. Americans
usually learn on the job; however, some junior colleges offer shorter,
more practical career programs.
Lars: What are junior colleges?
Tina: Colleges and universities in the United States are extremely
expensive. Even schools which are ______________ by the government can cost thousands of dollars a year. Most states have created junior colleges, which are inexpensive schools where students can complete the first two years of their education. Afterwards, students can
__________ to a four-year college or university to complete their bach-
87
elor’s _________. And, as I mentioned, they are also provide career
training and continuing education courses.
Lars: How long do students usually study to get their
________________.
Tina: Usually, it takes four years to get a B.S. or a B.A. American
students try to complete their studies as soon as possible because each
additional year can cost a lot of money.
Lars: What do B.S. and B.A. ______________________?
Tina: B.S. means "Bachelor of Science" and B.A. means "Bachelor
of Arts."
Lars: What does the expression "to major" mean?
Tina: The area of study which we specialize in is called "a major".
We are also allowed to choose a secondary area of study called "a minor." For example, I majored in biology and minored in Japanese.
Lars: What other kinds of degrees are there in the U.S.?
Tina: After getting a B.S. or a B.A., students can continue study-
ing and receive a Masters, which usually requires an additional two
years of study. And of course, the highest degree is called a Ph.D.
Lars: Is a Ph.D. the same as a Doctorate?
Tina: Yes, they are the same thing, although most Americans use
the expression Ph.D.
Key words Follow-Up Using what you learned above, read what
James said below and answer the questions.
James said, "I studied at a local junior college for two years and
then I transferred to Harvard University. I received a B.S. in chemistry
from Harvard and immediately got a job working for a large pharmaceutical company. I didn't like my job, so I quit and went back to
school. I had minored in philosophy at Harvard and I had always loved
my political science courses, so I decided to get a Ph.D. in political philosophy. I should complete the course by the end of next year."
What did James major in? _______________________________
What was James' secondary area of study? ___________________
How long do you think James was at Harvard? _______________
What is more advanced a Masters, a B.A. or a Ph.D.? __________
3. Study the key words about education. Make the script of the
given dialogue and guess the quiz.
88
Studies
a study
scheme
a planned timetable of what or
how to learn or revise
Helen and John devised a study
scheme to help them revise for
their economics test.
study under
someone
be taught by someone
Helen studies economics un-
der Professor Lewis.
revise (v),
revision (n)
re-learn or memorise a subject
before having a test on it
Sorry I can't come to your party
but I have to revise for my history exam this weekend.
He hardly did any revision and
still managed to do OK on the
test. It's just not fair!
cram
try to learn a lot very quickly
before an exam
I stayed up till 4 this morning,
cramming for the exam but I
don't think I can actually remember any of it now.
pass (v),
a pass (n)
be successful in an exam
Did you pass your driving test?
I just managed to scrape a
pass. The exam was really difficult.
fail
be unsuccessful in an exam
She failed her driving three
times before she passed.
a border
line pass
a mark on a test that's only just
above the pass mark
The pass mark was 60% and I
got a borderline pass of just
62%. But at least I passed.
a clear
pass
a mark on a test that's much higher than the pass mark
She got a clear pass on her
chemistry exam and is sure to
graduate at the top of her class.
re-sit
take an exam again because you
didn't pass it the first time you sat
it
I failed geography and am going to re-sit it in September.
an undergraduate
someone who is studying for
their first degree
He's an undergraduate at
Yale.
graduate (v), a
graduate (n)
someone who has passed all
their final exams at university
and has been awarded a degree
He graduated in 2003.
She's an Edinburgh graduate.
Exams
University or college
89
a postgraduate
/ a postgrad
someone who is studying for a
second degree after getting a
first one
After graduating in Chemistry,
he started his postgrad in Biochemical Engineering.
lecture (v), a
lecture (n)
give a lesson on a specialist
subject to a large group of
students at university
She's been lecturing in Medicine for years.
We have our Business Administration lectures on Tuesday
at 10 o'clock
a tutorial
a lesson or period of study
with a tutor involving one
student or a small group of
students
His professor helped him
planned his essay in his tutori-
al.
can't bear – not wanting to do something because it will make you
scared or uncomfortable
dawdling (informal) – doing something very slowly, taking more time
than you need to
on the line – at risk. You might get something, you might not
ecstatic – very happy
noticeboard (US bulletin board)- a board on a wall on which people can
put notices, adverts etc.
Vocabulary for the dialogue:
Vocabulary of studying quiz
For each of the six questions choose the correct answer.
1. She didn't go to art school but was lucky enough to … Christian
Dior when she first
started working in fashion.
a. study under
b. cram
c. revise
d. under study
2. I got 52% on my test. My tutor says if I get one more … I'm go-
ing to be in big trouble.
a. clear pass
b. tutorial
c. borderline pass
d. re-sit
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