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thedral with Beckefs tomb, Hastings for its associations with the famous
battle. On the coast, seaside-resort towns have grown up. Four of these –
Brighton, Bournemouth and Southend in the south, and Blackpool in the
northwest, have become important towns themselves, with more than
150,000 people each, and there are several smaller seaside towns,
which are remarkable for the great number of summer visitors they receive, some to stay for a week, some – for a few hours on the beach
before returning home in the evening. The county of Kent, where all
these towns are situated, is known as the "Garden of England". It has a
favourable climate, and, which is more important, a long tradition for
gardening and fruit growing.
The city of Bath is famous for its hot springs. Their curing effect
was discovered by the Romans, who built magnificent baths there. In
the picture, behind the baths, you can see the medieval abbey. Bath became famous in the 18th century as a fashionable spa, where people
used to go "to take waters". This famous water has a horrible taste, but
is good for health.
After World War II, there appeared in the Home Counties many
so-called new towns with modern community centres, broad streets and
well-planned houses, each with a small garden. Their streets are laid out
attractively, in harmony with the relief of the surrounding country. As
the new towns grew up, their councils were trying to make life more
interesting for the local people. The community centres are being improved and developed, the theatrical companies on tour are invited, and
so on.
3. Comprehension check. 1) Explain the following concepts in
English. Add the words to your working vocabulary: the County of
Greater London, the Home Counties, the Commuter Land, Canterbury,
the Garden of England, the new towns.
2) Write out from the text the sentences or their parts, which contain the following words and phrases and translate them into Russian: to
be affected by, in the neighbourhood, seaside-resort towns, hot springs,
a spa, to lay out in harmony with the relief.
3) Explain in English what is meant by the following: the build-up
development, the inner London, to commute, dormitory suburbs, “to be
thick with history”, summer visitors, gardening, to take waters, a community centre, a theatrical company on tour.
4) Answer the following questions.
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a) What administrative division existed on the territory of London
before the reforms of the 1960s? What did it include?
b) What changes were brought about by the recent administrative
reform? What does the County of Greater London include?
c) How many people live in London? Why is it necessary for
many people who work in London to have their homes far away? Is it
only because there are more jobs in London than townspeople?
d) What counties are situated in the Thames valley? What terms
are used in the English language to refer to them? What does each of
them emphasize?
e) What is interesting about such towns as Canterbury and Has-
tings?
f) What do you know about Brighton and Blackpool in addition to
what was mentioned in the text?
g) What is the chief industry of smaller Kentish towns, additional
to gardening and fruit growing? By the way, what is the difference between these occupations?
h) What is the city of Bath famous for? What do the people think
about the famous mineral water that comes from that place?
i) What was it in the new towns in which they differed greatly
from the "old" ones?
j) What efforts are the town councils making in order to turn them
from "dormitory suburbs" into cultural centres?
5) Check your knowledge doing online quizzes at
http://quizzes-online.com/map/counties.html
Section three. Consolidation and creative work
4. Writing 1) Read the text «Новые города» from “English Cul-
tural Studies” by Mikhailov N.N. Write down the sentences in which
you will be able to use the following topical words and phrases:
Dormitory suburbs, the boundary between the housing estates,
a bright patch, a shorthand writer, shopping and community centres, to
make one with the surrounding countryside, to be suffocated with,
a garden city, a residential estate, a range of jobs, making parachutes,
on the site of a coaching stage, show places.
2) Using the words and phrases from Ex. 4.1 write your summary
of the text emphasizing in it (a) its subject matter, (b) the facts discussed, (c) the way the author presents these facts.
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Новые города
Графства, окружающие Лондон, обычно называют «спальными пригородами столицы», потому что их жители дома только ночуют, уезжая на работу в Лондон рано утром и возвращаясь поздно вечером. Соответственно, в этих районах нет ни приличных
магазинов, ни мест культурного отдыха – только дома, дома, дома.
Граница между многими жилищными массивами, окружающими
большой город, часто довольно условна.
На фоне этой жилищной монотонности ярким пятном выделяются так называемые новые города. Идеей их создания еще в
начале XX века был одержим некий Эбенезер Хауард (Ebenezer
Howard), работавший тогда стенографистом в Верховном суде.
Идея состояла в том, чтобы переселить людей из пригородных
трущоб в новые города, в каждом не более 30 000 жителей, с прямыми улицами, с торговым и культурным центрами. Но главное,
города эти должны вписываться в сельскую местность, не разрушая ее. В 1903 году он основал компанию под названием First Garden City, Ltd. Компания купила четыре тысячи акров земли вблизи
деревни Летчуорт и начала на практике внедрять новую концепцию градостроения. Так был построен город-сад Летчуорт (Letch-
worth Garden City).
Эбенезер Хауард верил, что расширение проекта будет способствовать оздоровлению жителей Лондона, задыхающихся от
городского смога. Но только после окончания первой мировой
войны его компания стала концерном и было начато строительство
второго города-сада неподалеку от первого. А Летчуорт скоро
превратился из чисто жилого массива в цветущий современный
город со своей инфраструктурой. Компания организует для жителей города работу в широчайшей диапазоне – от печатания книг
одного из крупнейших в стране издательств – Everyman's Library –
до изготовления парашютов. (В годы войны именно в Летчуорте
было начато промышленное изготовление парашютов, которые
спасли жизни тысячам людей из 67 стран).
Широкое строительство подобных городов-спутников началось после Второй мировой войны, а если быть точнее, в 1946 г.,
когда на месте старинной почтовой станции Стивенедж
(Stevenage) появился город с одноименным названием. Сейчас в
стране насчитывается 15 «новых городов»: 8 вокруг Лондона, один
153
в Уэллсе, один – в центре Англии, два – на ее севере, три – в Шот-
industry
the activity of buying, selling, or exchanging goods within a
country or between countries
agriculture
things that are produced in order to be sold
cattle
to come from a particular place or start in a particular situation
to roam
the large-scale production of goods or of substances such as
coal and steel
to merge
into
to put a very thin layer of metal onto the surface of an object,
using electrolysis
to originate
cows and bulls kept on a farm for their meat or milk
goods
to walk or travel, usually for a long time, with no clear purpose
or direction
to electroplate
to combine, or to join things together to form one thing
collier
the practice or science of farming
trade
someone who works in a coal mine
ландии. А такие, как Летчуорт и Стивенедж, обязательно включены в список достопримечательностей для туристов из других
стран.
5. Class Project
Find some information about English counties (or Great Britain
counties) and what they are famous for. Make up a power point presentation. The following sites can be useful:
http://www.picturesofengland.com/England/counties
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_counties_of_the_United_Kin
gdom#England
http://www.woodlands-junior.kent.sch.uk/customs/questions/counties.html
Agricultural and Industrious Zones
Section one. Conveying meaning
1. Warmer. Answer the questions:
– What regions of Russia are important from the economic point of
view?
– Can you guess what regions of England are important from the
economic point of view?
– Is Great Britain an industrial or an agricultural country?
2. Key words. Match the key words from the article you are going
to read with their meanings. Add the words to your working vocabulary.
154
Section two. Checking understanding
3. Reading. Read the text “Agricultural and Industrious Zones”
from “English Cultural Studies” by Mikhailov N.N.
Three economically important regions of England (the Midlands,
the Northwest and the Northeast) have at least one common feature:
originally agricultural counties, they were gradually loosing their
"green" colour, getting more and more "black", as the Industrial Revolution was changing the face of England. As a result each of these regions consists now of two zones: "green" (agricultural) and "black" (industrial).
The southern part of the Midlands is occupied by the Midland
Plain, which has the best soils in Britain, suitable for dairy farming and
fruit growing. The well-known Stilton cheese is made here, in Leices-
ter. Nearby is the last battlefield of the Wars of the Roses – Bosworth,
where Richrd III was killed and buried in the local cathedral. Not only
Leicester but many other towns of this part of the Midlands have historical and cultural associations. Nottinghamshire has the remains of
Sherwood Forest, scene of Robin Hood legends, and the area called the
Dukeries, noted for family estates of several dukes. Other well-known
Midland towns are Stratford-upon-Avon, Shakespeare's birthplace, Ox-
ford, a seat of the oldest English university, and Rugby, a seat of a great
public school, where Rugby football originated in 1823.
The agricultural zone of the Northwest is noted for dairy farming
and cattle breeding. The county Cheshire gave the name to the wellknown sort of cheese, the county of Hereford – to the white-headed red
cattle, the county of Shropshire – the sort of sheep. The county town of
Shropshire is Shrewsbury, whose name is associated with a famous
public school, founded in 1551, and a sort of cake (also called "biscuit") baked there. On the opposite side of the island, in the Northeast,
are the counties of Yorkshire and Lincolnshire, which also have good
possibilities for sheep rearing. They gave the names to the well-known
sorts of sheep. Moors dominate the countryside – miles of open rolling
lands covered with heather. The soils are also suitable for potato growing. That is why potato is jokingly called a " Yorkshire kidney".
In the 17th century coal and iron ore were discovered in the northern and eastern parts of England. And very soon this region received
the name of the Black Country. It is a long time since Robin Hood
roamed in Sherwood Forest, now factories surround what is left from
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the forest. This part of the Midlands is usually referred to as the "Industrial Heart of England". Its centre is Birmingham, which developed
from a small market town into the second (after London) biggest English city. Where the old market stood, there is a well-known shopping
centre, called Bull Ring, situated mostly below the ground. The name
of this city is associated with the Industrial Revolution, which started
there with building of the first steam engine factory. This event gave a
stimulus to the evolution of the former market town onto the City of
Fifteen Thousand Trades, as it is called. Another important industrial
town of the Midlands is Coventry, associated first of all with car industry. British Ley-land Motor Corporation makes well-known cars, such
as Morris and Austin. In addition to the cars, Coventry produces aeroplanes. Because of its industrial significance it was practically ruined
during the war by bombing. Even a word appeared in the English language – "to coventrize", which means "to destroy a city by bombing".
It has a bond of friendship with the city of Volgograd in Russia.
The Black Country stretches from the Midlands in the western direction, merging into the so-called Smoky Northwest. The chief city
here is Manchester, a city, which "made modern England". This saying
refers to the fact that Manchester was the birthplace of the modern factory system, with workers living in townships built around the factories
they work at. It served as a model for other industrial cities of England.
Manchester Ship Canal linked the city with the open sea – to transport
its product to America and Europe and other parts of the world. Liverpool is the second biggest city of the Smoky Northwest. Its importance
lies in the fact that the most goods coming from America get to Britain
through Liverpool docks. Ships with grain, tobacco, cotton, sugar, and
fruit arrive to Liverpool, and from there the goods are sent to different
parts of the country.
The Black Country also stretches in the eastern direction, merging
into another important industrial region, the Northeast. Its centre is
Leeds with metal, glass and woollen factories. Sheffield is the centre of
England's steel industry in general, and silver and electroplate goods, in
particular. The centre of coal mining is Newcastle. Since the 15th century the coals have been carried from here to London by sea in the ships
called “colliers”. Carrying coals in the opposite direction (from London
to Newcastle) would be a very stupid thing to do. Hence the meaning of
the saying “carry coals to Newcastle” is “to give a person something of
156
which he has enough”. Unfortunately the resources of Newcastle coal
are almost exhausted now.
4. Comprehension check. 1) Explain the following concepts in
English. Add the words to your working vocabulary.
The Industrial Revolution, the Midland Plain, Bosworth, Sherwood Forest, the Dukeries, Rugby, Shrewsbury, the Industrial Heart of
England, the Black Country, the City of Fifteen Thousand Trades, the
Smoky Northwest.
2) Write out from the text the sentences or their parts, which con-
tain the following words and phrases and translate them into Russian.
Originally, to be originated, to roam, to merge into, townships,
electroplate goods.
3) Explain in English what is meant by the following.
A seat of, the Stilton cheese, the Cheshire cheese, the Hereford
cattle, the Shropshire sheep, the Lincoln sheep, a Yorkshire kidney,
Morris, Austin, to coventrize, a bond of friendship, electroplate goods,
to carry coals to Newcastle.
4) Answer the following questions.
a) What regions of England are important from the economic
point of view? What common feature have they got? Why?
b) What are the soils of the Midland Plain suitable for?
c) What Midland dairy-farming product has international reputation?
d) What areas of the Midlands have historical associations? Name
some Midland towns, which have cultural significance.
e) What is the agricultural zone of the northeast noted for? What
products of the local dairy farming, cattle breeding and sheep rearing
are well-known?
f) What sorts of sheep were named after the northeastern counties?
g) What else are the soils of the northeast suitable for?
h) What region of England got the name of the “Black Country”?
What is the other name used to refer to it? What city of this region has
the greatest industrial significance, producing practically everything?
i) What is the name of another Midland city, which produces cars
and aeroplanes?
j) What explains the bond of friendship it has with the Russian
city of Volgograd?
157
k) In what direction does the Black Country stretch out? What is
the chief city of the industrial zone situated to the west of it? What do
the English people mean when they say that this city "made modern
England"? What is the name of the second biggest city of that region?
Why is it so important for British national economy?
l) What industrial area is situated to the east of the Black Country? What does this region produce? Why the well-known English saying about the Newcastle coals is out-of-date now?
Section three. Consolidation and creative work
5. Writing
1) Read the text «Короли и книги». Write down the Russian
equivalents of the following words and phrases:
This stuff, self-governed colleges, digs (living accommodations for
students and teachers), the town and gown battles, the dons (University
lecturers), to plead for remission, to pay compensation for, to place order for, the reading room.
Короли и книги
...Однако довольно о больших городах и промышленности –
этого добра в любой европейской стране много. Но вы не будете
иметь права говорить, что видели Англию, если не побываете в
одном маленьком городке, которым гордится каждый англичанин.
Я имею в виду Оксфорд. Дорога туда займет всего час-два...
Гиды любят рассказывать анекдот: приехал американец в
Оксфорд и спрашивает: «А где здесь университет?» Юмор доходит
не до каждого. Дело в том, что университет – это и есть весь город.
Оксфорд состоит из 40 автономных колледжей, каждый из которых – это отдельный институт с библиотекой, учебными и жилыми
помещениями для студентов и преподавателей. Когда-то здесь был
монастырь, а английские студенты учились во Франции. Но в XII
веке Генрих II повздорил с Францией, приказал студентам вернуться на родину и основал на месте монастыря Оксфордский
университет. Кембридж появился лишь сто лет спустя. Горожане
крупно поссорились со студентами, и в кровавых междоусобных
битвах погибло 68 студентов. После этого некоторая часть преподавателей вместе со студентами ушли и основали в соседнем графстве Кембриджшир свой университет. Горожане потом покаялись
и веками платили университету дань за невинно убиенных. А Кем-
158
бридж, принявший «дезертиров», окс-фордцы до сих пор зовут
«тот, другой университет». Хотя большая часть английских королей училась в Кембридже и только двое – в Оксфорде.
Но тем и прекрасен Оксфорд, что к королям здесь относятся
хотя и с почтением, но без сантиментов. Сын Генриха VIII – Эдуард VI – прожил всего 16 лет, но успел заказать из оксфордской
библиотеки четыре книги. Но сдать не смог – умер. Претензий
университет предъявлять не стал, но впредь ни одному из английских королей книг на руки не давал. Карл I, когда был в Оксфорде,
просил выдать ему несколько книг, но получил отказ. Пришлось
ему, как простому студенту, идти в читальный зал. Потом, когда
после казни Карла в Англии была провозглашена республика,
Оливер Кромвель, новый правитель страны, посетил Оксфорд и
тоже попросил что-нибудь почитать. Представьте себе, даже могущественного диктатора загнали в читалку! Во всех этих историях меня особенно трогает этот интерес английских правителей к
чтению. Кстати, Генрих VIII, когда он разгонял католические монастыри и конфисковывал их земли, оставил Оксфорд университету со словами: «Ни одни земли Англии не принесут столько дохода стране, как эти». Поистине королевская мудрость!
Из газеты «Московский комсомолец»
2) Answer the following questions:
a) What little English town is a real "must" for a tourist? Why?
b) What story do the tourist escorts like to tell, though its humorous implication is usually lost on the listeners? What is the point of this
story?
c) What is unusual about the composition of Oxford University?
What had existed on the site of the Oxford University before it was
founded by King Henry II? How did it happen?
d) What tragic events made some Oxford dons together with their
students leave Oxford and found a new university in Cambridgeshire?
What explains traditional hostility of “Oxonians” toward “Cam”?
e) What is interesting about the relations between Oxford University and the rulers of England? Since what incident the Oxford University Library has been refusing to lend books to the English royal family? What did the librarians tell King Charles I when he wanted to borrow some books? Who else of the "high and mighty" asked for favours
and met a point-blank refusal too? What does the journalist find espe-
159
cially touching about these stories? What famous words did Henry VIII
say while granting Oxford University its charter for self-government?
3) Using the words and phrases from Ex. 5.1 summarize the information presented in the report you`ve listened. Render your summary emphasizing in it (a)its subject matter, (b) the facts discussed, (c)
the author`s and reporter`s points of view, (d) your own commentary to
the author`s treatment of the subject.
6. Speaking. Speak on agricultural and industrious zones in
Britain.
7. Class Project.
a)Find some information about agricultural and industrious zones
of the British Isles. Make up a power point presentation.
b) Print and mark agricultural and industrious zones of Great Britain.
c) Make up a power point presentation on the following topics:
– Historical sites of England.
– Merry Green England.
– British industries and British people.
– British local crafts: history, problems and perspectives.
The following site can be useful:
http://www.picturesofengland.com/mapofengland
Задания для самостоятельно-контролируемой работы: Study
unit 5 CELTIC WEDDING from e-textbook ‘Contemporary English
via Video and Internet Resources’ by E. Minkova, A. Tkacheva, I. Palchune.
Вопросы
1. Is Great Britain more fortunate in its natural features than
Russia?
2. Can you compare their geographical position?
3. In What ways can the weather be different in Russia and Great
Britain?
4. Do you expect to like the English climate?
5. Why is Great Britain often called Albion?
6. Why the well-known English saying about the Newcastle coals
is out-of-date now?
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