Добавил:
ivanov666
Опубликованный материал нарушает ваши авторские права? Сообщите нам.
Вуз:
Предмет:
Файл:Практикум устной речи (английский язык). Учебное пособие
.pdf
If I were President, I wouldn’t put up with it.
It’s used to explore hypotheticals:
If I were to embroider a sampler, it would say, “Simple is truly
best in Frytown.”
It’s used to express wishes:
I wish I were there to have a drink with you and dish.
It’s used to express commands or demands:
She demanded that he leave the hospital premises …
It’s used to express suggestions:
I suggest that he implement a budget cut in March.
It’s essential that they be heard …
Subjunctive mood and verb tense
Since statements in the subjunctive mood exist outside time, tense
applies differently. In the last four subjunctive mood examples above,
the tenses of the indicative verbs (wish, demanded, suggest, is) could
change, and the subjunctive verb indicating the imagined action (were,
leave, implement, be) would not change – for example:
I wished I were there to have a drink with you and dish.
She will demand that he leave the hospital premises.
I suggested that he implement a budget cut in March.
It will be essential that they be heard.
With subjunctive if constructions, things get trickier. In these
statements, there is no concrete action, so there is no real tense. However, we still categorize them in terms of when the imagined action
would take place. For instance, the first of the above subjunctive mood
examples is in the present subjunctive. The future subjunctive would
look like this:
If I were to become President in 20 years, I wouldn’t put up with
it.
Of course, this begins to stretch the subjunctive mood beyond necessity, which is why the future subjunctive is rarely used. In this case,
it would be much easier to use the indicative mood:
If I become President in 20 years, I won’t put up with it.
In the past subjunctive mood, the verb tense of the imagined action
does change – for example:
If I had been President, I wouldn’t have put up with it.
11
If you’re confused by the subjunctive mood, don’t worry too
much. As with all grammar and usage matters, the rules for subjunctive
mood are based on centuries of convention. There’s no deeper reason; it
just is what it is. But the subjunctive mood is useful, and it would be a
shame if it were to go away
ЗАДАНИЯ
I. WORK, JOB AND PROFESSION
Section one. Conveying meaning
1. Warm-up activity. Answer the questions and use them as the
basis of a five-minute discussion.
– What is the difference between the following words “Work”,
“Job” and “Profession”?
– Is it a difficult problem for a young person to decide what to do
about a career?
– Do you agree that the majority of us do not get around to making
a decision about an occupation or career until we face the problem?
– Is self evaluation an important part of the decision-making process?
– What are the things you have to think about as you try to decide
what you would like to do?
– Were other people involved in helping you make a decision?
– Were there teachers at your school who were professionally
qualified to counsel you and to give detailed information about job
qualifications?
– Could you talk over your ideas with family members and
friends?
2. Key words. 1) Look through the following job titles and if
some of them are unfamiliar to you look them up in the dictionary:
Accountant / Actor / Architect / Baby sitter / Baker / Bank teller /
Barber (hair stylist) / Bartender / Bookkeeper / Building superintendant
/ Bus driver / Butcher / Carpenter / Cashier / Computer programmer /
Construction worker / Cook / Dental assistant / Disc joker / Doctor /
Electrician / Employment counselor / Engineer / Factory worker / File
clerk / Fire fighter / Florist / Furrier / Gardener / Housepainter / Housekeeper / / Interpreter / Journalist / Librarian / Live-in-companion / Machine operator / Manager / Messenger / Musician / Nurse / Nurse`s aid /
12
Pattern maker / Pharmacist / Plumber / Police officer / Printer / Rail-
Banking and financial services
Construction
Education
Engineering
Entertainment
Fashion and design
Information technology
Manufacturing
Media – newspapers and magazines
Media – radio and TV
Medical care
Office work
Sales and marketing
Service industries
Transport
Travel and leisure
road conductor / Receptionist / Salesperson / Scientist / Secretary / Security guard / Sewing machine operator / Shoemaker / Social worker /
Stock clerk / Tailor / Taxi driver / Teacher / Translator / Travel agent /
Typist / Waiter.
2) Look at the work areas below which can be found in the extract
from a section of a newspaper advertising jobs. Try to think of an occupation from each area (Eg.: Manufacturing – a factory worker).
3. Practice. 1) Now describe the jobs you have listed. Say what
you think people have to do to get these jobs. You may use the following plan:
An electrician is (is responsible for)… People who become electricians probably study … I imagine that you have to work for … for a
long time before you become an electrician.
2) Would you rather be a security guard or a librarian? Which job:
– Has the most responsibility?
– Has the longest hours?
– Has the best pay?
– Is the most useful to other people?
– Is the most enjoyable?
3) Advice you partner any job according to the criteria given
above. Make up mini-dialogues on this topic using grammar patterns of
the subjunctive mood: “I would rather be…”, “You had better be…”
and give your reasons.
4. Key words. 1) Imagine that you are looking for a job. Can you
analyze your interests and abilities? Make up a list of skills, responsibilities and personality traits that apply to you.
2) Consult a dictionary and find at least one synonym to each skill,
responsibility and personality trait.
13
Section two. Checking understanding
5. Speaking. 1) Interview each other using the following questions
and words from Ex. 4-5.
a. What are your abilities?
b. What special talents do you have?
c. What are your special interests?
d. What are your physical abilities and limitations?
e. What are your attitudes and values?
f. How do you see yourself, what is your self-concept?
g. What is your previous experience?
h. What are your educational plans?
i. Do you prefer to work in a large group or with one or two people?
j. Do you like to speak in front of people?
k. Are you willing to accept change?
l. What are the most fearsome or boring things in your would-be
work you can`t put up with?
2) Consult a dictionary and make up a list of positive and negative
points of: a) innate qualities; b) powers of mind; c) volitional powers.
3) Read the following cinquains (see Appendix 2) and guess what
job or profession they are devoted to or may be suitable for:
а)… Placid, educated
Read, seek, help
How good it is to be among people who are reading!
Erudite.
b) … Composed, daring
Rescue, help, save
Safety first is safety always
Hero.
c) … Trustworthy, amiable
Sell, offer, persuade
Would you like to buy a car now, without waiting?
Seller.
4) Read the following cinquains and correct them.
a) Applicant
Ambitious, arrogant
Attempt, search, learn
Those who seek will find
Challenger.
14
b) Judge
Firm, fair
Solve, mpunish, investigate
The true mystery of the world is visible, not invisible.
Justice.
c) Actor
Expressive, emotional
Act, play, show
It is only shallow people who do not judge by appearances
Performer.
5) Choose any job or profession you like make up your own cinquain.
Section three. Consolidation and creative work
6. Discussion. 1) What unusual professions do you know? Make a
list of them. Why do you consider them to be not quiet typical? Look
through the list of unusual jobs suggested bellow.
1. Dream dealer
2. Balls pickuper
3. Ant catcher
4. Brain extractor
5. Smeller
6. Fire observer
7. Queen guardian
8. Egg broker
9. Operator, which determines the gender of newly born chickens.
10. Wrinkle straightener
What do you think these people do at work? Check your answers
at http://www.lowbudgetprosper.com/2008/03/02/top-10-most-bizarreprofessions
Analyze the list according to the personality traits, skills and responsibilities and application to work presented in the table (Key words
in Ex. 4).
Have you ever dreamt of an unusual profession? Why was it in-
teresting for you? Do you have traits of character / skills and responsibilities necessary for it?
Choose any job or profession you like and analyze it according
to the rules of the method of PRES-formula (see Appendix 1).
15
ЗАДАНИЯ
II. CAREERS AND CHARACTERS
Section one. Conveying meaning
1. Warmer. Answer the questions.
– What are positive character traits?
– Can positive personal character traits improve your chances of
success and in achieving your goals?
– What is work ethic?
2. Key words. 1) Match the key words from the article you are go-
ing to read with their translations?
affect – ответственность
determination – небрежность
courage – исполнять
responsibility – влиять
work ethic – требование
carelessness – бездеятельность
sloth – смелость
hinder – решительность
fulfill – удерживать
requirement – выполнение
deter – препятствовать
performance – трудовая этика
2) Fill the gaps in the sentences using these key words from the
text
a) The only __ is that you must be reasonable.
b) My formal schooling actually did more to __ my ability to trade
than to help it.
c) All hospital employees share a direct __ for safety.
d) It took every scrap of __ I possessed to slide my sword back into its sheath and clutch it tight.
e) But that does not __ the flower from blossoming.
f) His __ and devotion to principle impressed us.
g) These new duties she __ with equal fidelity and zeal
h) The institution’s __ of its specific mission is also society’s first
need and interest.
i) Human rights-related social problems __ social development.
16
j) The numerous accidents, he explains are a result of __ and lack
of skill.
k) Lack of money is less important for him than his boldness and
__.
l) It was difficult for him to work thoroughly because of his laziness and __.
3. Reading. 1) Read the title of the article and the first few lines.
What is it going to be about? What questions does it provoke in your
mind?
2) Read the whole text “Importance of Personal Character in
Your Career” by Ron Kurtus (from http://www.quint-
careers.com/media_center).
There are three types of character traits that affect your career:
personal, social and cultural. Your personal character consists of the
attitudes you have toward challenges you face in your career. Having
positive personal character traits will improve your chances of success
and in achieving your goals. Negative traits hinder your efforts and
your job performance. Questions you may have include: How do personal character traits affect job performance? What are positive character traits? What are negative personal character traits? This lesson will
answer those questions.
Performance factors. Personal character traits are sometimes
called your work ethic. They concern your attitudes towards performing difficult tasks, fulfilling requirements and specifications, following orders, being organized and working up to your capabilities. There
are other factors in your personal character traits that indirectly affect
your ability to complete tasks and achieve goals. The manner in which
you spend your money or take care of your body can affect your performance.
Positive character traits. Positive personal character traits relate to
attitudes you have toward challenges at work. Typical traits are deter-
mination, organization, courage and responsibility.
Eg.: Harry had an assignment that needed to be completed by Fri-
day. It was a difficult task, but he was not afraid to work hard to complete it. His boss knew that that Harry had the type of character where
he would commit to overcoming the difficulty and achieving the goal.
After the job was done, the boss gave Harry recognition for a job welldone.
17
Having a good work ethic will result in having good performance.
Column 1
Column 2
job performance
the opinions and feelings that you usually have about something
Negative traits. Negative personal character traits include care-
lessness, sloth and irresponsibility.
Eg.: Phillip was a very skilled worker, but he often was careless in
what he did. He figured his work was good enough, especially since he
wasn't too interested in the task.
Sometimes the work he did had to be done over by someone else.
Although Phillip was talented and skilled, he was a drag on the department's bottom line and was ultimately laid-off.
These negative character traits or attitudes can deter your ability
to achieve goals or to satisfy job requirements.
Summary. Personal character consists of the attitudes you have toward challenges in your career. Having positive personal character
traits will improve your performance and chances of success. Negative
traits hinder your efforts.
4. Language Task: Synonyms. Read the whole text and find the
words and phrases in column 1 below the text. Match them with similar
words and phrases in column 2. There are 3 extra expressions in column
2. They refer to other possible meanings of 3 of the words in column 1.
Which ones?
column 1 column 2
affect influence
determination resolution
organization self-discipline
courage boldness
responsibility charge
work ethic morals
carelessness negligence
sloth idling
irresponsibility lightheartedness
methodizing
injunction
like
5. Language Task: Definitions. a) Match the words and phrases
in column 1 with the definitions in column 2.
18
attitude
something that tests strength, skill, or ability, especially in a
way that is interesting
fulfill requirement
to complete successfully something or get a good result, especially by working hard
hinder
to make the progress or development of something slow
down or stop
work ethic
how well or badly a person, company etc. does a particular
activity
carelessness
a belief in the moral value and importance of work
sloth
to do or provide what is necessary or needed
achieve goals
the quality of trying to do something even when it is difficult
courage
the quality of being brave when you are in danger, in pain, in
a difficult situation etc.
determination
a duty to be in charge of someone or something, so that you
make decisions and can be blamed if something bad happens
challenge
not serious, or not done with any definite intention
responsibility
failure to take enough care over something that you are responsible for, or to pay enough attention to what you are
doing, so that you make mistakes, damage things etc.
specification
doing careless things without thinking or worrying about the
possible bad results
irresponsibility
to stop someone from doing something, by making them
realize it will be difficult or have bad results
affect
a particular quality in someone's character
deter
to do something that produces an effect or change in something or in someone's situation
trait
a clear statement of what is needed or wanted
Section two. Checking understanding
6. Comprehension check. 1) Make up the mini-quiz to check your
understanding of the article. Give the reasons.
a) Why are good attitudes important?
They affect job performance and ability to achieve goals
They can impress other workers
They are only important to those lacking skills
b) How is being well organized on the job a positive character
trait?
Being organized enhances your job effectiveness
It can be irritating to others and actually hinders things
19
It is a good way to spend your free time
c) Why is doing as little as possible a negative personal character
trait?
It is actually a positive trait, because you don't have to work hard
Such an activity can lead to a life of crime
You will often not complete assignments or do a bad job at them
If you got all three correct, you are on your way to becoming a
Champion in Advancing in your Career. If you had problems, you had
better look over the material again.
7. Speaking. 1) Make up your summary of the text emphasizing in
it a) its subject matter, b) the facts discussed, c) the author`s point of
view on the facts.
2) Be prepared to speak about this article in class using your summary.
8. Watching. Do you know that research has shown that many of
the different personality types tend to have distinct preferences in their
choice of careers? Whether you're a young adult trying to find your
place in the world, or a not-so-young adult trying to find out if you're
moving along the right path, it's important to understand yourself and
the personality traits which will impact your likeliness to succeed or fail
at various careers. It's equally important to understand what is really
important to you. When armed with an understanding of your strengths
and weaknesses, and an awareness of what you truly value, you are in
an excellent position to pick a career which you will find rewarding.
Watch the video “How to Assess if a Career Matches Your Personality” with Tim Tyrell-Smith at http://video.about.com/ careerplanning/ How-to-Assess-if-a-Career-Matches-Your-Personality.htm and
answer the following questions:
What does personal brand Tim Tyrell-Smith mean by “personal
brand”?
What 4 tips does Tim Tyrell-Smith give?
Can you answer the questions Tim Tyrell-Smith asks in his interview?
Section three. Consolidation and creative work
9. Discussion. Test your personality types at http://www.teamtechnology.co.uk/mmdi/questionnaire. Check your career possibilities
by reading “Common Careers for Personality Types” at
20
Соседние файлы в предмете [НЕСОРТИРОВАННОЕ]