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Файл:Практикум устной речи (английский язык). Учебное пособие
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I look at you and can see what you’re thinking.
“I want to do that!” you say. I knew it. And you know what I want
to say:
“Danger!!! Damage to internal organs! Safety procedures! Damage
to your eyes! The rope can burn you! You can get tangled up in the
rope! You can dislocate your arm or your leg! It’s certain that you will
get bruises on your arms! What happens if the rope breaks? Who knows
who these people are? Have you any idea how far away from a hospital
we are?” I don’t say it, but yes, you’re right, I am thinking it. I don’t
say anything because I know that you won’t have answers for any of
my questions. You know that I’m right, really.
You’ve always been a lot more adventurous than me. I know you
think I’m boring and safe and always worried about danger and risk.
Perhaps you’re right. Perhaps I am too boring.
I don’t know why people do it. I really don’t know. I remember
when I was a kid, my friend had a bicycle that had no brakes. We used
to take his bike without brakes and go down a big hill on it. I think
about that, that old bike so many years ago and I remember how I felt
then.
I breathe in, close my eyes, don’t think about anything. I jump.
I think I’m going forever and wonder when I’ll stop. But it feels great.
I feel scared and thrilled and alive. Then there’s a pull and I’m going
back up again, and, yes, it is dangerous, but yes it is thrilling. But the
most exciting, thrilling, wonderful thing of all is seeing your face as I
come back up to the bridge.
8. Comprehension Task. 1) True or false:
Read the statements and decide if they are true or false.
1. The people are in the middle of a big city.
2. The people in the car drive past some people doing bungee
jumping.
3. The person driving doesn't want to go bungee jumping.
4. The people who are bungee jumping are all quite young.
5. They are jumping over a river.
6. Nobody wants to swim.
7. The man bungee jumping is mad.
8. The narrator remembers being a child.
9. The narrator does the jump.
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2) Words from the story match the words with their definitions
1. crazy about
2. internal organs
3. bruise
4. scribbling
5. dislocate
6. ditch
7. brakes
8. get your way
9. give in
10. gatecrash
a. Writing or drawing in a simple or rough way.
b. Very enthusiastic about.
c. When people do what you want.
d. Let somebody else decide something.
e. Go to a party without being invited.
f. A big hole in the ground.
g. A black mark on your skin, showing an injury.
h. Heart, liver, kidneys, lungs, etc.
i. When two things usually connected come apart.
j. The things that stop a car or bicycle from moving, or slow it
down.
3) Express the author`s idea of doing extreme sports using the
method of PRES-formula (see Appendix 1).
9. Discussion. What do you think of this story? Have you ever
done an extreme sport like bungee jumping? How did it make you feel?
ЗАДАНИЯ
III. FOOTBALL
Section one. Conveying meaning
1. Key words. Study some key vocabulary to talk about football.
BASICS
a match – two teams playing against each other in a 90-minute
game of football
a pitch – the area where footballers play a match
a referee – the person who makes sure that the players follow the
rules. Normally wears a black shirt and shorts, and has a whistle
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a linesman (referee's assistant) – the person whose main duty it
is to indicate with a flag when the ball has gone out of play or when a
player is offside
a goalkeeper
the player in goal who has to stop the ball from crossing the goalline. The only player who is allowed to handle the ball during open play
a defender – a player who plays in the part of the football team
which tries to prevent the other team from scoring goals, e.g. 'Kolo
Touré is a defender and plays in defence for Arsenal and Ivory Coast'.
a midfielder – a midfielder – a player who plays mainly in the
middle part of the pitch (or midfield), e.g. Michael Essien is a midfielder and plays in midfield for Chelsea and Ghana
an attacker – also called a forward; a player whose duty it is to
score goals, e.g. Samuel Eto'o is an attacker and plays in attack for Barcelona and Cameroon
a skipper – the player who leads a team, also called the captain
a substitute – a player who sits on the bench ready to replace an-
other team-mate on the pitch. Can also be used as a verb, e.g. the manager was not happy with his attacker and substituted him after 60
minutes
a manager – the person in charge of a team and responsible for
training, new players and transfers. For example, Alex Ferguson is the
manager of Manchester United
a foul – a violation of the rules. For example, if a player other than
the goalkeeper handles the ball in the penalty box (or penalty area) it is
a foul and a penalty is given to the other team
a booking – a yellow card shown to a player by the referee for a
serious foul. Two bookings or yellow cards result in a red card or sending-off
full-time – the point of the game when the referee blows the final
whistle and the match is over. Normally after 90 minutes and any added
injury or stoppage time
injury time – also called stoppage time, added minutes at the end
of the regular playing time at half-time or full-time. Entirely at the referee's discretion and normally indicated by an official on the sideline
(or touchline)
extra time – if a match has no winner at full-time, 2 x 15 minutes
of extra time may be played in some competitions
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offside – in a position which is not allowed by the rules of the
game, i.e. when an attacking player is closer to the opposing team's
goal-line at the moment the ball is passed to him or her than the last
defender apart from the goalkeeper
SCORING
the score – the record of goals that indicates who is winning. The
final score is the result that decides who has won the match . Can also
be used as a verb, e.g. the attacker scored a beautiful goal
to concede – to allow a goal in, the opposite of scoring a goal. For
example, Ghana conceded only four goals in the World Cup qualifying
group 2
a goal – a successful attempt at scoring achieved by putting the
ball over the goal line into the goal past the goalkeeper. For example,
Gyan Asamoah has scored a beautiful goal for Ghana
an own goal – a goal scored accidentally by a member of the defending team that counts in favour of the attacking team
the lead – when a team scores first it is "in the lead", i.e. winning
the match at the point of scoring. For example, Fabrice Akwa's early
goal gave Angola the lead after 72 minutes but the final score was 1-1
(one all)
an equaliser – a goal that cancels out the opposing team's lead and
leaves the match tied or drawn. Can also be used as a verb, e.g.
Marouan Chamakh equalised for Morocco after 40 minutes and brought
the score level
to win – a match in which a team is victorious and beats the other
team. A win normally gives the winning team three points, the losing
team does not get any points. More commonly used as a verb, e.g. Brazil won the World Cup in 2002
a draw – a match that ends in a tie, i.e. has no winner or loser. The
teams get one point each for a draw. Can also be used as a verb, e.g.
Congo drew 0-0 (nil all) with Senegal in June
a defeat – a match that is lost, the opposite of a win. For example,
Sudan suffered a home defeat to Zambia in September 2002
to knock out – to eliminate another team from a competition. For
example, in the last World Cup Brazil knocked out England in the quarter-finals
a penalty shoot-out – in a knock-out competition, a penalty shootout takes place if a match is a draw after full-time or extra-time. Five
124
players from each team take a penalty each, and if the score is still level
after that, one player from each team takes a penalty in turn, in order to
decide who wins the match
a goal difference – If team A has scored four goals and team B
one, the goal difference is three
a head-to-head – a way of deciding which team is ranked higher
if two teams are level (or equal) on points. For example, if team A and
B both have six points, but team A beat team B in the head-to-head
game, team A will be ranked above team B
a play-off – an extra match to decide which of two or more teams
should go through to the next round. For example, Australia beat Uruguay on penalties in a play-off to qualify for the World Cup 2006
the away-goal rule – in some competitions, e.g. the UEFA Champions' League, a rule that rewards teams for scoring away from home
over two legs (or matches). For example, in 2005 AC Milan beat PSV
Eindhoven 2-0 at home (in Milan) but lost 1-3 away in Holland. So
both teams had scored three goals and conceded three goals, but because AC Milan had scored a goal away from home it went through to
the Champions' League final on the away-goal rule
TYPES OF SHOT
to kick – to hit something, or somebody, with your foot. In football, the players kick the ball.
to shoot – to kick the ball towards the net at one end of the pitch
(the goal) in an attempt to score a goal
the kick-off – the first kick of the game when two players from the
same team in the centre circle play the ball and start the match. Also the
first kick after half-time or after a goal has been scored
a goal-kick – a kick taken from the 6-yard line by the defending
team after the ball has been put over the goal line by the attacking team
a free-kick – the kick awarded to a team by the referee after a foul
has been committed against it
a penalty – a free shot at goal from 12 yards (11 metres or the
penalty spot) awarded by the referee to a team after a foul has been
committed in the penalty area
a corner – a kick from the corner flag awarded to the attacking
team when the ball has crossed the gaol-line (or byline) after last being
touched by a player of the defending team
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a throw-in – a throw is taken from the sideline (or touchline) after
the ball has gone out of play. The only time a player can handle the ball
without committing a foul
a pass – a kick of the ball from one player to another. Can also be
used as a verb, e.g. the defender passed the ball to the midfielder
a cross – a pass from the side of the pitch into the penalty area in
an attempt to find an attacker and score a goal. Can also be used as a
verb, e.g. the defender crossed the ball into the penalty area
a one-two – a passing move in which player 1 passes the football
to player 2, who immediately passes it back to player 1
a header – the "shot" that occurs when a player touches and
guides the ball with his or her head. For example, El Hadji Djouf scored
with a fine header. Can also be used as a verb, e.g. the defender headed
the ball back to the goalkeeper
a backheel – a kick where the ball is hit with the heel (or the back)
of the foot. Can also be used as a verb, e.g. Nwankwo Kanu backheeled the ball to Thierry Henry
to volley – to kick a moving ball from the air before it hits the
ground. Can also be used as a noun, e.g. Jay Jay Okocha's beautifullystruck volley beat the goalkeeper at the near post
a clearance – a defensive kick that is intended to put the ball out
of danger, e.g. Peter Odemwingie's clearance went out of play for a
throw-in
READING THE PRESS
one-touch football – an often admiring reference to a style of
football in which a team can pass the ball quickly from one player to
another without the need to control it with more than one touch
the long-ball game – an often disapproving reference to a style of
football in which a team prefers to play long balls in the hope that an
attacking player will get them, flick them on or score
keep possession – to be able to keep the ball and prevent the opposing team from touching it. The opposite of "lose possession" or
"give the ball away"
they are dangerous on the counter-attack – referring to a team
that can switch quickly from defence to attack and score goals in that
way
put eleven men behind the ball – referring to a team that defends
with all the players and is not very interested in scoring goals. For ex-
126
ample, many visiting teams put eleven men behind the ball and are
happy with a 0-0 draw when they play Real Madrid at the Bernabéu
stadium
send the keeper the wrong way – refers to the way in which a
player can fool the goalkeeper and pretend to shoot at one side of the
goal while the ball goes in another direction. This expression is used
often during penalties
a clinical finish – referring to a well-placed, controlled shot from
a scoring position that ends in a goal. For example, Tunisia's Hatem
Trabelsi controlled the pass and scored with a clinical finish
his/her first touch let him/her down – this means a player was
unable to control the ball (or pass) with his or her first touch and as a
result lost precious time or even possession
they are strong in the air – referring to a team that has a lot of
(tall) players who can head the ball very well. As a result, they are
strong in the air, may prefer the long-ball game, and score a lot of goals
with headers while not conceding any or many headed goals themselves
they have a big physical presence – referring to a team that has a
lot of big and physically strong players and, as a result, prefers a very
robust style of play. For example, Bolton Wanderers have a big physical presence and are a difficult team to beat in the Premiership
the goalkeeper is quick off his/her line – referring to a goalkeep-
er who is fast and makes quick (and normally correct) decisions as to
when to leave the goal in order to prevent an attacking player from
reaching a pass or cross
that shot stung the goalkeeper's palms – referring to a shot on
goal that is so hard that the goalkeeper might well have felt pain when
he/she stopped it with his/her hands
a prolific goal scorer – referring to a player, normally a striker,
who scores or has scored a lot of goals. For example, Henrik Larsson is
a prolific goal scorer for Sweden
the foul earned him/her a suspension – referring to a foul that is
punished by a yellow or red card and results in the player being banned
from playing in the next game(s). For example, the two-footed tackle
earned the defender a suspension and he will miss the next game
127
TALK WITH FRIENDS
put it in the back of the net – to score a goal, e.g. Nigeria and
Middlesbrough striker Aiyegbeni Yakubu controlled the cross and
calmly put it in the back of the net
man on! – shout during a football match to warn a team-mate that
a player of the other team is right behind. Often a call to pass the ball
quickly
a nutmeg – a trick or technique in which a player passes the ball
through an opponent's legs and then collects it from the other side. Can
also be used as a verb, e.g. the attacker nutmegged the defender
bang it in the mixer! – a shout to encourage a player to play a
long ball into the penalty area (i.e. the "mixer") in the hope that an attacking player will get on the end of it and score
we was robbed – an expression to signal that a defeat was unjust,
possibly due to an injustice committed by somebody else. For example,
we was robbed by the ref (the referee)
s/he's got a sweet left foot – referring to a player who is very skil-
ful at kicking the ball with her/his left foot (the majority of footballers
play with their right foot)
s/he pulled off a great save – referring to a very strong, quick or
acrobatic stop of a shot by the goalkeeper
they hit the woodwork – the crossbar or the post of the goal. This
expression means a team kicked the ball against the crossbar or post
and was very unlucky not to score
they got stuck in – referring to a team whose players showed a lot
of determination and fought very hard during a match
s/he ran the defence ragged – referring to an attacking player
who made the defence work very hard and made the defenders look
uncomfortable or unprofessional
s/he's got a lot of pace -this player is very fast
the goalkeeper made a howler – this means the goalkeeper made
a very basic mistake (and probably let in a goal)
to switch play – to change direction of play and pass the ball from
one side of the pitch to the other. For example, she switched play from
left to right wing (the left-hand side of the pitch to the right-hand-side)
s/he made a nuisance of herself/himself – referring to a player,
normally a striker, who fought very hard and used his physical presence
to put the defenders under pressure and forced them to make mistakes
128
it's a game of two halves – an expression referring to the fact that
a football match can change unexpectedly over 90 minutes, and especially between the first half and second half of the match
Section two. Checking understanding
2. Listen to the dialogue THE QUARTER-FINALS and make
a script. Then check your general knowledge of football vocabulary.
Quiz 1 – Football vocabulary
1. Whose job is it to help the referee?
a) The substitutes b) The skippers c) The attackers d) The linesmen
2. They were in the lead but they gave it away with a(n) …
a) own goal b) goal c) concede d) goal own
3. France played very well in the World Cup and hardly … any
goals.
a) scored b) conceded c) won d) drew
4. A: 'What time is the …? B: 'They're due to start at 3.30.'
a) commencement b) start off c) kick-off d) arrival
5. Which of these is not a shot?
a) a kick b) a header c) a backheel d) a win
6. Our team has just scored the first goal of the match! …
a) It's a draw b) We're in the lead c) We've conceded a goal
d) They're in the lead
Quiz 2: Football
1. Can you remember who _______ the world cup last year?
a) did win b) won c) has won d) was winning
2. Which of the following does the referee use as a warning to a
player who is breaking rules during a match?
a) a yellow card b) a red card c) a sending off d) a telling off
3. Which of the following verb + noun collocations is NOT cor-
rect?
a) kick the ball b) dribble the ball c) head the ball d) score the ball
4. It's all everyone is talking about, the whole country has been
gripped by World Cup _______!
a) fever b) illness c) flu d) temperature
5. How do you say the following score? '1 – 0'
a) one zero b) one oh c) one nil d) one nothing
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6. If a match has extra time, a single goal decides the result – this
is called a ________ goal.
a) gold b) golden c) silver d) bronze
Quiz 3: Football
In a football match, who has the primary role of scoring
goals?
a) keeper b) midfielder c) striker d) defender
If a football player is sent off, what colour card does the referee show?
a) blue b) red c) yellow d) green
3. Football is played on a __________.
a) track b) pitch c) court d) park
4. Professional teams all wear their own _________.
a) colours b) uniform c) outfit d) strip
5. What do we call the people who follow a particular football
team?
a) audience b) followers c) supporters d) spectators
6. What do we call someone who fights at football matches?
a) fighter b) bully c) hooligan d) warrior
3. Reading. Read the text and do the following activities:
a) Before you read match the words and phrases to their
definitions.
1. relegate 2. semi-final 3. nil 4. division 5. score 6. goal
7. promotion 8. playoff
Definitions:
a. in sports, it means a group of teams which play against each
other:
b. to put someone or something in a lower position:
c. one of the two games that are played to decide who will enter
the final round of a competition:
d. to win a point or goal in a sport or game:
e. zero:
f. being raised to a higher position or rank:
g. an extra game in a match played between teams who have the
same number of points:
h. a point score in a football match:
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