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Файл:Практикум устной речи (английский язык). Учебное пособие
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ТЕОРЕТИЧЕСКАЯ ЧАСТЬ
Giving instructions
We use the imperative or the present simple for giving instructions.
Mix the potatoes and the onions and cook for ten minutes.
You mix the potatoes and the onions and cook for ten minutes.
Giving special advice
Make sure you use a heavy frying pan. Always spread the mix-
ture evenly.
Don’t forget to add pepper and salt. Never heat the oil too much.
The Difference between Adjectives and Adverbs
Adjectives modify nouns. To modify means to change in some
way. Adjectives usually answer one of a few different questions: "What
kind?" or "Which?" or "How many?"
Adverbs modify verbs, adjectives, and other adverbs. (You can
recognize adverbs easily because many of them are formed by adding ly to an adjective, though that is not always the case.) The most common question that adverbs answer is how.
Most of the time, adjectives come before nouns. However, they
come after the nouns they modify, most often when the verb is a form
of the following:
– be
– feel
– taste
– smell
– sound
– look
– appear
– seem
Some examples:
– "The dog is black." Black is an adjective that modifies the noun
dog, but it comes after the verb. (Remember that "is" is a form of the
verb "be.")
– "Brian seems sad." Sad is an adjective that modifies the noun
Brian.
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– "The milk smells rotten." Rotten is an adjective that modifies the
noun milk.
– "The speaker sounds hoarse." Hoarse is an adjective that modifies the noun speaker.
Be sure to understand the differences between the following two
examples:
"The dog smells carefully." Here, carefully describes how the dog
is smelling. We imagine him sniffing very cautiously.
But:
"The dog smells clean." Here, clean describes the dog itself. It's
not that he's smelling clean things or something; it's that he's had a bath
and does not stink.
ЗАДАНИЯ
I. COOKING
Section one. Conveying meaning
1. Warm-up activity. Answer the questions.
1. How many meals a day do you generally have?
2. How many courses do these meals consist of?
3. Do you like cooking?
4. How often do you usually cook?
5. Some people say that the best cooks in the world are men. Do
you agree?
2. Key words
Ways of cooking food:
boil: in water, e.g. potatoes or rice
fry: in oil or butter above the heat, e.g. sausages
grill: under the heat, e.g. toast or meat
roast: in the oven using oil, e.g. meat
bake: in the oven without oil, e.g. cakes
How would you like your steak?
Rare (=cooked quickly and red inside); medium-rare (= cooked
longer but still red in the middle); medium (=cooked more and pink); or
well-done (=cooked longer and not pink). Food which is not cooked is
raw.
Describing food and drink:
salty: lots of salt hot/spicy: lots of spices, e.g. curry, chilli
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sweet: lots of sugar (opp bitter, e.g. very strong coffee, or sour,
e.g. lemons)
fresh: recently produced or picked, e.g. fresh bread, fresh fruit
fattening: food which makes you put on weight / get fat, e.g.
cream, cakes, etc.
healthy: good for your health / fitness, e.g. salad or fruit
chilled: (= very cold), e.g. white wine is usually chilled
still: describes water without gas; sparkling is water with gas (also
called fizzy water)
Section two. Checking understanding
3. Reading. Here’s the recipe for hashed browns (картофельные
оладьи), but the instructions are in the wrong order. Can you put them
in the right order?
a) Add the cream and cook the other side for about ten minutes.
b) Check it is brown underneath then turn it over.
c) Heat the butter and the oil in a frying pan. Mix the potatoes and
the onions in a bowl.
d) Add salt and pepper on the top and cook for about eight
minutes.
e) Spread the mixture over the bottom of the pan, and press flat.
4. Grammar: giving instructions and giving special advice.
Think of special advice you can give for the following food and
drink:
Coffee, a mixed salad, melon, soup, red wine
5. Speaking
1) Think about the typical cooking in your country and make a list
of ten or twelve basic ingredients. 2) Show your list to another student.
Does (s)he agree with you? 3) Make a list of typical dishes from your
region, and talk to your partner about them. Ask and say what they are
made with, how you make them (if you know), and if there is any special advice.
Section three. Consolidation and creative work
6. Work in pairs. Answer these questions about the food you
like, and eating in your country. Ask your partner the same questions.
1) Do you eat steak? If so, how do you like it cooked?
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2) Do you like hot spicy food?
3) Do you normally drink still or sparkling water?
4) Do you normally eat a starter, main course and dessert when
you eat out?
5) Do waiters normally leave fresh bread on the table in restau-
rants?
6) Do you think that food in your country is generally quite fattening?
7. Writing. Write instructions how to make the following food
and drink: a cup of coffee / a boiled egg / an omelette / mashed pota-
toes.
ЗАДАНИЯ
II. AT THE RESTAURANT
Section one. Conveying meaning
1. Warm-up activity. Answer the questions.
1. Do you eat out a lot? 2. When do you mostly eat out? 3. Eating
at restaurants is a waste of money. Do you agree?
2. Key words. 1) Look through the vocabulary:
At busy time, e.g. the weekend, you may need to book (=reserve)
a table in a restaurant in advance (=before you go). When you arrive at
a restaurant you ask for a table. In the restaurant the person who brings
you your food is a waiter (man) or waitress (woman). When you first
arrive the waiter or waitress will give you a menu, which is the list of
food you can choose from. Also you can choose wine (and other drinks)
from the wine list. When you have chosen, you give the waiter your
order. There are usually three parts to a meal: a starter (e.g. soup), a
main course (e.g. meat or fish) and a dessert (e.g. fruit or ice cream).
When you have finished your meal you may leave a tip (a small
amount of money) for the waiter if you enjoyed the meal. Of course, at
the end of a meal you have to pay the bill, too. The person who cooks
the food in a restaurant is a chef.
2) Put the sentences in a logical order.
a. I had the starter.
b. I paid the bill.
c. I left the restaurant.
d. I looked at the menu.
e. I gave the waiter a tip.
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f. I booked a table.
g. I had a dessert.
h. I ordered my meal.
i. I arrived at the restaurant
j. I had my main course.
k. I looked at the wine list.
Section two. Checking understanding
3. Reading. a) Read the dialogue “At the restaurant” and act it
out.
Fred: Let’s go in here. The restaurants aren’t very crowded in the
day time on week-days, and I like a change from the cafeteria now and
then. Here’s the table.
Kate: Let’s see what’s on the menu. I’ll have tomato soup, and
stewed meat with mashed potatoes and peas.
Fred: And I’ll take broth and a steak with vegetables.
Waiter: How do you want the steak – rare, medium or well done?
Fred: Well done, please, and will you please bring some water?
Waiter: Certainly.
Kate: Tomato soup is my favorite. It’s delicious. I hope you like
your soup too.
Fred: I am not enjoying it at all. It tastes awful. Ah, here comes
the meat. That stew smells lovely, Kate. I almost wish that I had ordered it too.
Kate: But don’t you like your steak? It looks lovely.
Fred: Oh, yes. I do! It is very tender.
Waiter: Would you like some fruit?
Kate: Oh, could we have some coffee, please?
Waiter: Black or white?
Fred: Black, please, and two cakes. As we are in a hurry could you
have the bill ready?
Waiter: The two together?
Fred: Yes, thank you.
b) Answer the following questions:
1. Where did Kate and Fred have their dinner?
2. Was the restaurant very crowded?
3. What did Kate take for dinner?
4. Did Fred take stewed meat too? What did he want to have?
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5. What soup was Kate’s favourite?
MODEL: taste this soup (awful)
Taste this soup. – How does it taste? – It tastes awful.
MENU
STARTERS
Leek and potato soup Spaghetti with courgette and bacon
Grilled spicy prawns Warm goat’s cheese with spinach salad
MAIN COURSES
Pan fried salmon with spinach Breast of chicken in a white wine sauce with
mushrooms
Roast fillet of pork with apple sauce Grilled steak in a pepper sauce
DESSERTS
Chocolate mousse Strawberries with fresh cream
Fresh fruit salad with ice cream Selection of chesses with home-made bread
6. Did Fred enjoy his soup?
7. How did he like his steak?
8. What did they take for the third course?
4. Work in pairs. Make up your own dialogue between yourself
and a waiter. You don’t know any of the dishes and want the waiter to
advise you. Use any of the following expressions if you want to: Can
(you) recommend…? What is …like? What about ….? How about…?
What you advise me….? What will you…?
5. Grammar. The Difference between Adjectives and Adverbs
I. Change these sentences according to the model.
1. Look at Freddy (ill). 2. Smell these flowers (sweet). 3. Wash
this dress (well). 4. Feel this cloth (thin). 5. Taste this apple (sour).
II. Make sentences like this: This room feels cold. Use these
verbs: look, sound, smell, feel, taste and adjectives from the list.
Good, bad, new, old, nice, right, wrong, wet, dry, big, small, clean,
dirty, hot, ugly, heavy, light, cheap, expensive, ill, well, hungry, thirsty,
safe, dangerous, empty.
Section three. Consolidation and creative work
6. Speaking
A TYPICAL MENU
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1) Look at the menu and answer these question:
avocado bake beans boil bowl casserole cream chop cook cut dish fork fry
frying pan green peppers grill ham hamburger heat hot dog knife mix mussels
oil onion oven oysters pasta peel pepper pie pizza plate pour roast salt saucepan seafood slice spoon spread turkey
1. Which starter doesn’t contain vegetables?
2. Which dish contains pasta?
3. Which main course may be rare or well-done?
4. Which main course is definitely cooked in the oven?
5. Which main course will probably be quite spicy?
6. Which main course contains alcohol?
7. Which dessert(s) will be quite sweet?
8. If you don’t want to put on weight, which would probably be
the best dish for the main course?
2) Make up your own menu.
ЗАДАНИЯ
III. AMERICAN REGIONAL COOKING
Section one. Conveying meaning
1. Warm-up activity. Answer the questions:
1. What are your views, if any, on American food?
2. Can you describe a typical American breakfast?
3. Are any American dishes known in this country?
2. Key words. Look at the words in the box and put them un-
der these headings: ways of preparing food, ways of cooking, food,
kitchen equipment.
Section two. Checking understanding
3. Reading. 1) Read the text and find out:
– what food is typical to different regions of the United States.
– which food is similar to food in Russia
AMERICAN REGIONAL COOKING
There are six main cooking regions in the USA: New England,
New Your, Deep south, Mid West, Tex Mex and West Coast. Here’s a
quick guide to what you can eat there.
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In New England they eat a lot of fish and shellfish. Many dishes
are left on the stove to be eaten all day, such as boiled beef and chicken
stew, and Boston is the home of the famous baked beans.
New York is where people from all over the world meet, and you
can see this in its cooking: Greek, Italian, Russian, Chinese and many
others. Pizza and pasta are favourites, and it’s the home of the hot dog
and the hamburger.
In the Deep South, it’s a mix of English, French, African and Caribbean cooking, with spicy seafood, beans and rice, pork dishes, pecan
pie and of course, southern fried chicken.
The farmland of the mid West produces corn-on-the-cob (maize),
steak, tomatoes, potatoes and lettuce, and baked hams. The people who
live there came from Europe, so you can also try Hungarian goulash,
Swiss, Dutch and English cheeses and Scandinavian coffee cake.
Tex Mex is hot and spicy, with green and red peppers, beans, tomatoes, mangoes, avocados, chocolate sauce (mole) and the fiery chilli
con carne.
The West Coast is known for its fruit, especially oranges and lemons, and for its seafood, crabs, lobster and mussels. A lot of the cooking
is with win.
2) Which region would you like to visit? What would you like
to try?
3) Retell the text.
Section three. Consolidation and creative work
4. Work in pairs
1) Work in pairs and talk about what dishes are typical of your
country and region. What are typical ways of preparing food? For ex-
ample: In Argentina, we eat a lot of meat, which we usually grill. 2) Do
you often eat the following food in your country? If so, do you eat it in
the same way? For example: In Russia, we often eat “fish” but not
usually “raw fish”
• raw fish • fried eggs • roast beef
• roast pepper • grilled cheese • baked potatoes
• fried rice • raw spinach • baked bananas • boiled eggs
5. Speaking. Complete these sentence about yourself and your
country. If possible, compare your answers with someone else.
1. In my country …………….is/are more common than………… .
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2. In my country………is/are more expensive than……………. .
3. In my country a mixed salad usually contains ………… .
4. In my country we don’t grow ……………….. .
5. And we don’t often eat………………… .
6. Personally, I prefer ………..to ………….. .
ЗАДАНИЯ
IV. SWEET STRAWMATO IS PICK OF THE CROP
Section one. Conveying meaning
1. Key words
1) the pick of: the best of
2) a hybrid: a combination of two things
3) Wimbledon: strawberries and cream is the traditional dessert
eaten at the Wimbledon tennis
4) Marks &Spenser (M&S), Sainsbury’s, Waitrose: major supermarkets
5) under wraps: top secret
6) tweaks: very small adjustments
7) wreaked havoc: caused chaos
2. Discussion. Before you read discuss the following:1) Would
you like to try a strawmato, a black tomato or a purple carrot? 2) Do
you think these new foods are just harmless and fun, or are they unnatural and perhaps even dangerous?
Section two. Checking understanding
3. Reading. a) Read the text and summarize it
SWEET STRAWMATO IS PICK OF THE CROP
(M&S says its new fruit hybrid is perfect for dipping in chocolate)
They may not be serving it with cream at Wimbledon just yet, but
a new variety of tomato is bidding to rival soft fruit in the nation’s
summer affections.
The so-called strawmato is one of the sweetest tomatoes ever developed. It has been designed to be perfect for dipping, just like a
strawberry.
Growers in Lancashire have crossed tomato varieties to give the
strawmato a distinctive pointed end – making it look uncannily like
England’s favorite summer treat.
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It has been designed in response to growing demand for ever
sweeter and more varied types of tomato from British consumers. The
strawmato is judged by growers to be twice as sweet as standard tomatoes.
Marks & Spencer, which has an exclusive deal to stock the strawmato, hopes that consumers will follow America, where it is now fashionable to dip sweet tomatoes in chocolate. The store also hope they
will be eaten as a healthy alternative to sweet snacks.
It is also stocking an even sweeter tomato – dubbed the “ugly tomato” because of its extraordinary dark green skin and wrinkled appearance.
The strawmato is still officially “under wraps” and is not expected
to go on sale until next summer after a final round of tweaks to its taste
“profile”.
Bernard Sparkes, development executive at Geest, the food company developing the strawmato, said: “We want sweetness but with a
balance. If it is too sweet it can be sickly.”
Marks & Spencer fruit buyer Peter Ireland said: “People are getting more adventurous and want to try different varieties of tomato.
They want tomatoes that look unusual and exciting to put in the salad
bowl. The strawberry tomato looks fantastic and it has a great taste – it
can be eaten on its own or in salad.”
M&S claims to be one of the pioneers of unusual tomatoes in Britain, first selling cherry tomatoes in the Seventies. The company’s food
stores stock 20 varieties of tomato, although it has slimmed down the
range since its chief executive said that customers were getting too confused by too much choice. The traditional tomato now accounts for less
than half the 75,000 tonnes of tomatoes grown in Britain each year.
Meanwhile, importers warn that tomatoes could be in short supply
this summer because snow storms in southern Spain wreaked havoc
with the country’s crop. Spain and the Canary Islands supply almost
half of Britain’s total consumption of 420,000 tonnes a year.
(By Jonathan Prynn. Consumer Affairs Editor)
b) Match the words from the article 1-10 with their meanings
a-j
1. bidding a. much too sweet
2. dipping b. top secret
3. uncannily c. not enough, a shortage
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