Добавил:
ivanov666
Опубликованный материал нарушает ваши авторские права? Сообщите нам.
Вуз:
Предмет:
Файл:Английский язык. Учебное пособие для СПО-2
.pdf
71
3. Did you find the answers to your questions from Exercise 1?
4. Say if these sentences are true (T), false (F)
or we don’t know because there is no information (NI):
1) Australia has large areas of desert.
2) Australia is a major producer of cars.
3) Surfing is the most popular leisure sport.
4) Australian roads can be quite dangerous.
5) There are some dangerous animals in Australia.
6) Australia has never produced any important writers.
7) Many recent immigrants have come from Greece.
8) Aborigines form a large proportion of the population.
9) Most Aborigines live in the outback.
10) The standard of living in Australia is high.
5. Who do you think said these things: George, Julie, Martin or Fiona?
1) 'Kangaroo meat is delicious'.
2) 'Australia is a multicultural society'.
3) 'Most Australians love to be out in the sunshine'.
4) 'Melbourne is the fifth largest Greek city'.
5) 'There's a fantastic choice of things to do in Sidney'.
6) 'Australian ‟fusion food” is excellent'.
7) 'A lot of the roads are terrible'.
8) 'Peter Carey is a famous Australian novelist.'
6. Match the expressions from the text (1-7) with the definitions (a-g):
1) it was hard to handle a) be careful of
2) there are loads of places to see b) difficult to accept
3) look out for snakes c) good selection
4) world-class writers d) lots of
5) you'll find a wide choice e) almost
6) you're spoilt for choice f) have too many options
7) virtually nothing g) excellent
72
Australia
Aborigines – the Native Australians
Aborigines probably came to Australia from Indonesia 50,000 years ago. The oldest skeleton
found in Australia was at Lake Mungo in New South Wales. Archaeologists believe it is 38,000
years old and it carried traces of ceremonial paint.
Aborigines were nomads. Originally, they didn't have a sense of land ownership, although
Aboriginal children were taught from an early age that they belonged to the land and must respect
tribal boundaries. Tribes returned to particular places to bury their dead. Some places, like Uluru,
were sacred because they were associated with the 'Dreamtime', the time when the earth was formed
and cycles of life and nature were begun.
Aboriginal legends, songs and dances tell of powerful spirits who created the land and people
during the Dreamtime. There was no written Aboriginal language and, in fact, most of the 600 tribes
spoke different dialects and rarely met except on ceremonial occasions. The tradition of the
Dreamtime, however, united the people. Rock paintings showing this creation period can be found
all over the country. Some of the most spectacular and best preserved can be seen at rock galleries in
Kakadu National Park and other parts of northern Australia.
The arrival of white people gradually brought an end to the traditional Aboriginal way of life.
The 'new' Australians began to build and settle on Aborigine tribal lands. Today, most Aborigines
live in cities and towns or in isolated settlements near tribal lands. Few continue the old nomadic
way of life.
In recent years, white Australians have become more sensitive to the Aborigines' situation. The
result has been an increase in health and educational services, greater recognition of Aboriginal land
rights and a growing appreciation of Aboriginal culture. Many museums now display Aboriginal art,
musical instruments and artifacts.
Fact file
Australia
Area: 7,686,850 sq km
Population: 18,600,000
Capital: Canberra
Official language: English
Currency: Australian dollar
73
1. What do you know about Australian Aborigines? In pairs, decide if these statements are true (T)
or false (F). Then read the text and check your answers.
1) They originally came from India.
2) They were farmers.
3) There is no written Aboriginal language.
4) Europeans destroyed their traditional way of life.
5) No Aboriginal art or artifacts survive.
2. Match the words from the text (1-5) with the definitions (a—e):
1) archaeologist a) a living thing without a physical body
2) tribe b) a person who studies remains of buildings and tools
3) spirit c) a place where works of art are shown
4) gallery d) a tool or small object made by people
5) artifact e) a group of people of the same race led by a chief
3. Which of the words in Exercise 2 are similar in your language?
Find more words like these ones in the text.
4. What ancient people have lived in your country? Where did they originally migrate from? Are
there any museums where you can see remains of their art and artifacts? Write a short a story.
London
“When a man is tired of London, he is tired of life” Dr S. Johnson
London Timeline
• 43 AD When the Romans arrived in Britain, London was already a small town.
Linder the Romans ‘Londinium’ became the capital of the Roman province of
Britannia.
• 886 King Alfred the Great united England. He captured London from the Danes
and made it capital of his kingdom.
• 1666 The Fire of London destroyed much of the city. The reconstruction was
organized by the architect Christopher Wren who designed St Paul’s Cathedral.
• 1850 By the middle of the nineteenth century, London was the largest city in the
world and the most important port. In this period it was famous for its terrible
pollution.
74
• 1939-45 In World War II, London was seriously damaged by German bombing.
• 1980 In the last twenty years, the old port area has been rebuilt. There are big,
new skyscrapers and the Millennium Dome, the largest dome in the world, which
was finished in 1999. In 2000 it held the millennium exhibition.
Over two hundred years later, Dr Johnson is still right! London is the place to be, with so many
different things to do and places to visit. Here are a few.
Royal London. You can visit Buckingham Palace, the Queen’s London home and see the
Changing of the Guard at 11 a.m. every day. In the Tower of London, you can see the Crown jewels
and visit the place where many famous prisoners lived and died. You can take a boat trip on the
Thames to Hampton Court, where Henry VIII lived with five of his six wives. In the gardens of the
palace is a famous maze, which is easy to get into but not so easy to get out of!
Rainy Days. London is one of the best places to be on a rainy day (which is quite often!),
because of all its museums and galleries. If you like machines, you must go to the Science Museum.
Next door you will find the Natural History Museum with its excellent dinosaur exhibition. The
British Museum is one of the world’s great museums with its excellent collections from ancient
Egypt, Greece and Rome. Art-lovers can visit the National Gallery, Tate Modern, Tate Britain or the
National Portrait Gallery.
Shopping. London attracts shoppers from all over the world for the latest fashions. The main
shopping area is in the West End, around Oxford Street. There are also famous street markets at
Portobello Road, Camden Lock and Petticoat Lane where you can buy anything from bargain
jewellery to expensive antiques.
Going Out. There is always a wide choice of plays to see at London’s many theatres in the
West End around Covent Garden. There are many clubs with modern music like house or jungle or
more traditional music like salsa and samba. Music lovers can also find many places for top quality
classical, jazz and pop music.
1. Would you like to go to London? What would you like to see and do there?
2. Put these events from London's history in the correct order:
a) damaged by bombing
b) founded by the Romans
c) fire destroyed much of the city
d) many high buildings built
75
e) was the biggest city in the world
f) became capital of England
g) St. Paul's Cathedral rebuilt.
Read the London timeline and check your guesses.
3. Make a list of places for a tourist to visit in your area.
Mystery of Wales
What do you know about Wales? Choose a, b or c.
1. The population is:
a) one million, b) two million, c) three million.
2. The capital is:
a) Cardiff, b) Swansea, c) Wrexham.
3. The official language is:
a) English, b) Welsh, c) both English and Welsh.
4. The national symbols are:
a) a dragon and a leek, b) a lion and a rose, c) a horse and a tree.
Now read the article and check your answers.
Fact file
Wales
Area: 20,764 sq km
Population: 3,000,000
Capital: Cardiff
Official languages: English and Welsh (with over half a million Welsh speakers)
Political structure: part of the United Kingdom (with a Welsh National Assembly)
Tо the west of England lies a small, almost secret country called Wales. It is a land of green
and grey: green fields, valleys and hills; grey mountains and sky, grey mining villages and grey
stone castles.
1.
The story of the Welsh people is one of determined resistance to invaders ― the Romans,
Saxons, Vikings, Normans and finally the English. After the fall of the Roman Empire in 410 AD,
76
the barbarian Anglo-Saxons invaded Britain. Legendary kings and princes, like King Arthur, won
important victories against the Saxons, but gradually these original ‘Britons’ were pushed west, into
the hills and mountains of Wales. Welsh princes fought hard against the English, but Wales was
finally conquered. In 1301 Edward I gave his son the title of Prince of Wales and in 1536 Wales was
united with England.
2.
Despite the conquest, Wales has maintained its unique culture and strong national identity,
particularly through its language. Welsh, a Celtic language, very different from English, is one of the
oldest languages in Europe. However, in the nineteenth century and first half of the twentieth
century, the Welsh language declined. The British government made English the official language
and English was the only language allowed in schools. The number of Welsh speakers went down
from 80% to under 20% of the population. Since the 1960s, though, there has been a revival of the
Welsh language. Welsh is also an official language, it is taught in schools and there is a Welsh
language TV channel.
3.
A tradition of storytelling, poetry and singing began in the castles of the Welsh princes in the
middle ages and continues today. Every year ‘eisteddfods’ are held around the country. An
‘eisteddfod’ is a meeting of poets and singers who take part in competitions. As well as literature in
the Welsh language, Wales has produced important poets in English such as Dylan Thomas and R.S.
Thomas. Famous actors include Richard Burton, Sir Anthony Hopkins and Catherine Zeta-Jones.
Wales is a musical nation and choirs are important. Nowadays, when the national rugby team plays
in Cardiff, 80,000 voices can be heard singing the Welsh hymn ‘Bread of Heaven’.
4.
The flag of Wales, with its red dragon, is one of the oldest in the world. It was brought to
Britain by the Romans. The patron saint of Wales is St. David. St. David converted Wales to
Christianity and established the Welsh church. The leek is another symbol of Wales. According to
legend, St. David ordered his soldiers to wear them on their helmets before the Welsh fought a
victorious battle over the Saxons.
1. Read the article and match the sections (1-4) with these titles:
Symbols of Wales, Welsh History, Welsh Culture, the Welsh Language.
2. Why is Wales called an 'almost secret' country?
3. Describe any similarities or differences between the history of Wales and your country.
77
Britain Today
(1) Don’t expect to see red phone boxes everywhere ― there aren’t many left nowadays! Some
phones take cash (£1, 50p, 20p and 10p coins) and some take phone cards ― we suggest having
both. Phone after 6 p.m. ― it’s cheaper! Useful numbers: Emergencies 999, International Operator
155.
(2) There are £50, £20, £10 and £5 notes, and coins worth £2, £1, 50p, 20p, 10p, 5p, 2p and
1p. Avoid getting £50 notes if you can ― some places might refuse to change them. If you don’t
want to risk carrying a lot of cash, get some traveller's cheques before your holiday. Banks are
usually open from 9.30 to 4.30, but most of them are closed on Saturdays. If the bank is closed,
use your own cash or credit card from home in a cash machine or ‘hole-in-the-wall’, as the British
call them ― the machine will give you British currency.
(3) Most pubs offer a good variety of food at reasonable prices. If you can afford to pay for
something more special, there are many international restaurants. If you see ‘service included’ on a
restaurant bill, you don’t need to tip. If it says ‘service not included' a 10% tip is expected.
(4) Hotels are expensive in Britain but there are some cheaper alternatives. ‘Bed and
Breakfasts’ are private houses which offer accommodation and breakfast. Many of them give
excellent value for money. Your hostels are even cheaper, if you don’t mind sharing with other
people. Hostels vary greatly, but all those belonging to the Youth Hostel Association (YHA)
guarantee certain standards of comfort and cleanliness.
(5) Wherever you decide to stay in Britain, we advise you to take a plug adaptor if you plan
to use any electrical appliance like a hairdryer. Plugs in Britain (like a lot of other things!) are
different from the rest of Europe.
(6) Buses are probably the cheapest way to travel. If you can’t stand going on long bus
journeys, you can always go by train. Trains in Britain are expensive but ‘return’ tickets
(especially ‘day returns’) are a lot cheaper than singles. If you are staying in London, you can save
a lot of money by getting a travel card for one day or for a week to go on the Tube and buses.
(7) We can’t promise to provide good weather for your trip ― British weather is very
changeable. If you enjoy sitting in the hot sun all day, you should consider going somewhere
else for your holidays! During the main tourist season, June-August, the weather is mild,
usually between 20°C and 25°C.
78
1. Read the text. Match these titles with the sections (1-7):
Accommodation, Differences, the Weather, Eating Out, Money, Telephones, Travel.
2. Are these sentences true (T) or false (F)?
1) In Britain, phone calls are more expensive in the evening.
2) £50 is the largest note.
3) You don't always need to leave a tip after a meal in a restaurant.
4) Youth hostels are cheap but very uncomfortable.
5) You can't take electrical appliances to Britain and use them without an adaptor.
6) UK buses are cheaper than trains.
7) You can use travel cards when you travel around Britain by bus or train.
8) Britain is usually hot and sunny in the summer.
3. Look at the verbs in bold in the text and classify them below into the correct column:
promise, expect, plan, risk, refuse, can't stand, avoid, not mind, advise, suggest, need, enjoy,
consider, decide, afford, want
Eating in Britain
Dо you know anything about British food? What kinds of British food do you know? Read on …
Years ago a Frenchman said that the only way to eat well in Britain was to eat breakfast three
times a day. And, let's be honest, most British food was terrible ― overcooked vegetables, greasy
sausages, boring sandwiches. For a lot of people, eating was something you had to do to survive; it
was certainly not an enjoyable experience. But things have changed ...
Food has become very important in Britain. TV cooks are more famous than writers and their
recipe books are bestsellers. More of us eat out regularly and we can get excellent food in lots of
different kinds of restaurants ― French, Indian, Italian, Greek, Thai, Indonesian ... even British!
Traditional British pubs serve surprisingly good meals at good prices. British supermarkets are now
full of exotic cooking ingredients, sauces, pasta, cheese, fruit and vegetables. The British love all
kinds of 'international’ food. The most popular is now pizza and, according to a recent survey, 40%
of British families have a curry for Sunday lunch, instead of traditional dishes like roast beef. We eat
less meat and more fresh fruit and vegetables. A growing number of people are becoming
vegetarians. Even children know about sugar-free sweets. That is the good news. Unfortunately,
verbs + infinitive
verbs + -ing
79
there is also some bad news. As we work harder and have less time, we are eating more and more
fast food and doing less exercise. For lunch, many of us have a hamburger or sandwich and when we
come home in the evening we put our ready-made dinner into the microwave before sitting down in
front of the TV. Meals are no longer family occasions.
1. Find the Key Words in the text and try to guess their meanings.
Then match them with their definitions.
1) general word for things you eat;
2) food you eat at a specific time of the day, e.g. breakfast, dinner;
3) ingredients and instructions for making a particular meal;
4) a person who prepares food;
5) the food you eat between 12.00 and 2.00 p.m. in Britain;
6) an Indian dish of meat or vegetables with lots of spices;
7) specific type of prepared or cooked food, e.g. beef stroganoff, spaghetti bolognese.
2. Read the article. List three 'good' changes and three ‘bad’ changes in British eating habits.
3. List some differences between eating habits in Britain and your country.
Example: Curries are not popular in my country.
4. Write a description of food and eating habits in your country for a foreign visitor.
Local Dishes
Fish and Chips
One of Britain's best-known meals is fish and chips. It is not only delicious, but also a part of
British culture.
The fish is covered in batter (made from eggs, milk and flour) then fried in hot oil. When
cooked, the batter is crispy and the piece of fresh fish inside is soft. This is served with chips, pieces
of deep- fried potato, which are then sprinkled with salt and vinegar.
Fish and chip shops have been around since the 19th century. It was traditional in parts of
Britain to eat fish and chips on Friday evening. Families would usually buy them from their nearest
Key Words
cook, dish, food, lunch, meal, recipe, curry
80
shop and serve them at home. It used to be quite a cheap meal and was often served wrapped in
newspaper.
Irish Stew
Any Irish person will tell you that the best Irish stew is the one their mother makes. In fact, no
two Irish stews are the same, because everyone who cooks it changes the recipe in their own way.
Originally, Irish stew was a dish that poorer people made because it was cheap and filling. The
main ingredients were lamb and potatoes, both of which were easy to find in Ireland. Other
ingredients were usually onions, carrots and parsley.
Today, Irish stew is still the same basic dish - a kind of thick soup or casserole made of meat,
potatoes and vegetables. However, the exact recipe varies to suit individual tastes and the
availability of ingredients. For example, many Irish immigrants in America found beef to be cheaper
and more available than lamb, and so they used beef instead. Some recipes have even changed this
simple dish into a gourmet meal.
Pancakes with Maple Syrup
Canada's most famous dish is pancakes with maple syrup. It is traditionally eaten for
breakfast, and can be found on the menu in practically every diner in the country.
Pancakes are made from eggs, milk and flour, and they are cooked on a griddle. They are round
and quite thick, and they are served with maple syrup poured over the top.
Maple syrup is made from the sap of the sugar maple tree. The sap is collected from the trees
in early spring, and then boiled until it turns into a golden syrup. The syrup is delicious when
poured on ice-cream, waffles ― and, of course, pancakes.
Burger and Fries
A burger and fries is by far the most popular type of meal bought in the US. In fact,
Americans buy almost 5 billion burgers a year! This popularity has spread around the world
with the growth of international “fast food” restaurant chains.
Many people say that the first burger was served at the St Louis World's Fair in 1904. The first
chain of burger restaurants started with the White Castle burger in 1921, and it was a great
success.
The classic burger is made from about 100 grams of minced beef which is fried or grilled,
then served in a bun covered with sesame seeds. The growing popularity of vegetarianism has
also led to burgers made from soya bean “meat” instead. Fries, also called French fries, are
cooked like English chips, but they are cut into thinner slices.
Соседние файлы в предмете [НЕСОРТИРОВАННОЕ]