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Файл:Английский язык для курсантов морских колледжей = English for Marine Cadets. Практикум для СПО
.pdf
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Время
Отрицательная форма
Present simple
The weather information is not received every day.
Past simple
The weather information was not received yesterday.
Future Simple
The weather information will not be received tomorrow.
Если лицо, выполняющее действие, известно, то перед ним употребляют
предлог by:
The engine was repaired by our motormen. — Двигатель был
отремонтирован нашими мотористами
Глаголы, после которых употребляется дополнение с предлогом,
сохраняют предлог и в страдательном залоге.
He was attentively listened to. — Его внимательно выслушали.
После модальных глаголов (will, can, may, must, should, ought to, have tо)
используют форму be + Participle II смыслового глагола.
The ship’s hull must be painted. — Корпус судна должен быть покрашен.
The ship’s hull cannot be painted. — Корпус судна не может быть
покрашен.
1. Translate from English into Russian.
1. This port is often visited by foreign vessels.
2. The charts were corrected by the 2-nd Officer last week.
3. The vessel will be towed to the birth by two tugs.
4. This text cannot be translated without a dictionary.
5. The Rules of the Road must never be broken.
6. The task needs to be solved immediately.
7. The ship is made fast to the wharf.
8. The cargo won’t be discharged in time.
9. Were your life-saving appliances checked yesterday?
10. Whom is the voyage plan drawn up by?
2. Complete the sentences with the present, past or future simple passive
form of the verbs.
1. The ship’s hull (to paint) long ago.
2. The lifeboats (to launch) every month.
3. The ship’s course (to plot) by the second officer soon.
4. The cargo (to discharge) in the next port of call.
5. All the rust (must, to chip) from the railings immediately.
6. The charts (to correct) last week.
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7. The ship’s position (must, to define) regularly and (to check) carefully.
8. The Master’s orders always (to perform) properly.
9. These derricks (to break) during the last voyage.
10. The pilot always (to take) aboard from the lee side.
3. Change active construction into passive.
1. Motormen always use these tools in the engine-room.
2. Two tugs towed our vessel into the port.
3. The ship sent a distress message.
4. They will cancel all voyages because of heavy storm.
5. Shipbuilders will launch a new vessel next month.
6. Our vessel often visits this port.
7. Somebody stole my car last week.
8. They never invite me to the parties.
9. The steward must clean the master’s cabin.
10. The engineer cannot repair the engine today.
4. Change passive construction into active.
1. The ship’s course was altered by OOW some minutes ago.
2. The decks are usually cleaned by deck cadets.
3. The other ship cannot be seen through the fog.
4. Loading will be completed by stevedores in 3 hours.
5. Provision is always ordered by the Chief Cook.
6. The ship’s hull, holds and tackle are maintained in good order by the sailors.
7. The schedule must be kept to by all vessels.
8. The shortest possible route was chosen by the Master.
9. Our firefighting equipment was inspected by PSC last week.
10. The ropes will be spliced by the boatswain.
5. Read the text. Underline passive constructions.
Types of ships
Generally speaking, a vessel can be classified according to the purpose she
serves. The most common purposes are:
a) transportation of cargo and/or passengers (merchant ships);
b) assistance and service (special purpose vessels);
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c) catching of fish (fishing vessels);
d) peace keeping (warships).
Vessels that are designed to transport cargo or/and passengers are called
merchant ships. According to their sailing schedule, they may be classified as liners
and tramps.
A liner carries cargoes between two fixed destinations. Her sailing schedule is
prearranged — she has a fixed homeport, port of destination and ports of call, and
fixed ETA’s and ETD’s. A liner-vessel is al- lowed to carry up to 12 passengers.
Freighters that carry cargoes according to schedules that are not fixed are
called tramps. Their homeports, ports of destinations, ports of call, ETA’s and
ETD’s differ with every voyage. A tramp is not allowed to carry any passengers.
Merchant ships can carry general cargoes, bulk cargoes, refrigerated cargoes,
timber, oil and many more. According to the type of cargo they carry they are
classified as dry-cargo ships and liquid-cargo ships.
Dry-сargo ships
General cargo ships
General cargo is cargo that has been packed in crates, boxes, bales, barrels,
sacks or bags or cargo coming in pieces (unpacked cargo items). Cargo is loaded and
discharged by the vessel’s own derricks or by shore-based cranes. The conventional
general cargo ship has several tweendecks.
Bulk carriers
Bulk cargo is unpacked cargo of one commodity. Dry bulk cargo such as grain,
ore, coal, sand, fertilizes, etc. is carried in specially designed vessels with holds that
are divided into compartments by longitudinal and transverse separations, so that that
the ship’s stability will not be affected by a full cargo. Dry bulk cargo is loaded and
discharged by grab cranes, pumps or conveyor belts.
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Container ships
Container ships are ships specially designed to carry standard-sized containers.
Containers are stacked in the ship’s holds and on deck and secured properly. The
most common sizes of containers are Twenty Foot (TEU) and Forty Foot (FEU)
units. The capacity of a container ship is usually measured in TEU’s –twenty Foot
Equivalent Units.
Ro/Ro ships
On a Ro/Ro ship cargo is rolled on and rolled off by lorries or trailers. The
great advantage of this system is that no cargo-handling equipment is required. The
loaded vehicles are driven aboard via ramps and secured for the voyage. Upon arrival
in the port of discharge the vehicles are released and driven ashore to their
destinations.
Reefers (refrigerated-cargo vessels)
Refers are vessels that carry perishable cargo such as meat, fish, fruit,
vegetables or dairy. These cargoes require cooling and must be stored in places with
temperature — and humidity control. For this purpose reefers are equipped with
refrigerating plants.
LASH vessels
“Lash” stands for “lighter aboard ship” A Lash-vessel has a main deck that is
flat and without any obstacles. A lighter is a container or a barge that floats in the
water. The containers may be hoisted on board a LASH vessel by vessel’s own
derricks or booms. Another way of loading is by submerging the vessel first using her
powerful pumping system. Then tugs or push-boats tow or push the lighters over the
LASH vessel. After that the vessel emerges again and picks up the lighters.
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Heavy-lift vessels.
Heavy-lift vessels are designed to lift and carry extremely heavy cargoes like
drilling platforms, engines, yachts, trains, derelicts or wrecks. The most prominent
features of this type of vessels are very heavy derricks (booms), masts and lifting
blocks and decks without any obstacles
Timber carriers
Timber is a raw material from which wooden products are made. Their tall
derricks can easily recognize vessels that carry timber. A timber-carrier are designed
in such a way that she can carry a tall deck cargo
Multi- purpose vessels
Cargo ships that carry both general cargo, bulk cargo and containerized cargo
are called multipurpose (multi-loads) vessels. These ships are equipped with a variety
of cargo-handling gears to load and discharge different types of cargoes.
OBO- ships
An OBO-ship are designed to carry oil/ bulk/ ore. She is subdivided in such a
way that oil can be carried in the largest compartments and ore can be carried in the
smaller compartments.
Liquid-cargo ships
Tankers
Tankers are vessels designed to carry liquid cargo in huge tanks. They may
carry crude oil and refined products like petrol or gasoline as well as chemicals in
liquid form and edible oils. A network of pipelines and pumps are provided to load
and discharge cargo. Depending on the type of cargo tanker are further classified as
Crude oil tankers, product tanker, chemical tanker, gas tanker.
Crude oil tankers carry crude oil and other dirty liquid cargoes. Large crude
oil tankers often referred as VLCC (very large crude carrier) and ULCC (ultra large
crude oil carrier). According to IMO regulations every oil tanker tanker must be built
with double bottom and double hull. Product tankers carry gasoline, naphtha,
kerosene, aviation fuel or similar petrochemical products.
Chemical tankers are ships that carry different types of chemicals in specially
built tanks. Their tanks are mainly made of stainless steel.
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Gas carriers
Gas tankers are ships that carry gas in liquefied form under pressure. Some of
the common gases are propane, butane, methane, and ammonia. There are 2 types of
tankers: LNG (liquefied natural gas) and LPG. (liquefied petroleum gas). LNG carry
butane, propane and similar gases in pressurized and liquefied form. LPG carries
mostly methane at temperatures of — 160 degrees Celsius and below.
Passenger ships
Passenger ships are used by passengers to travel between two ports or for
pleasure cruises. Car- and-passenger ferries can carry passengers and their vehicles.
They are used on short distances and can also carry commercial vehicles or small
quantity of palletized cargo along with the passengers. Their characteristic features
are more or less as that of Ro/Ro-ships. Cruise ships are intended for holidaymakers.
They may be designed as luxury hotels.
Special-purpose ships
Special-purpose vessels are tugs, icebreakers, barges, bunker-ships, salvage
ships, dredgers and many others. They don’t carry any cargo, but assist other sips in
different operations or perform some special functions. A tug assists ships in entering
and leaving ports. An icebreaker conducts ships through the ice. A salvage–ship
gives assistance to ships in distress. A bunker-ship supplies vessels with fuel and
fresh water. A dredger is a vessel specially designed to produce greater depth of
water. Dredgers are used for deepening channels and harbors, building dams, bridges
and other infrastructural facilities.
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6. Complete the chart.
carries dry bulk cargo
tanker
container ship
carries perishable cargo
can carry up to 12 passengers
assists ships in entering and leaving ports
ice breaker
provides greater depth of water
salvage ship
carries holidaymakers
carries packed cargo
Ro/Ro
carries timber
OBO
carries heavy cargo
supplies ships with fuel
7. Fill in the words mentioned in the text.
Cargo
ships
6. Fill in the words mentioned in the text.
Cargo
handling
equipment
package
8. Fill in the gaps with a suitable word.
1. Merchant ships are designed to carry _______________________________.
2. Some cargo ships are also designed to carry up to _____________________.
3. Merchant ships can operate as ____________ and ____________________ .
4. _______ sail on regular voyages and have fixed ________ and __________ .
5. _________________do not sail on regular routes.
6. Tankers are designed to carry ____________ cargo such as oil or chemicals.
7. An ___________ ship is designed to carry both dry cargo and liquid cargo.
8. Fruit, meat, fish and dairy are carried in ________________________ ships.
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9. Fill in the diagram about classification of merchant ships.
1. Fill in the diagram about classification of merchant ships.
Merchant ship types
Liquid cargo ships
Reefer
LPG
10. Are the following sentences true (T) or false (F)?
1.
The most common purpose of warships is to catch fish.
2.
General cargo is cargo that have been packed in crates or bags
3.
LASH vessels usually carry lighters
4.
There are no derricks on board a LASH vessel
5.
Perishable cargoes are oil, liquefied gas and timber.
6.
An OBO- ship has been designed to carry oil/bulk/ore.
7.
Cruise ships carry very few passengers.
8.
LPG and LNG are chemical carriers.
9.
Dry bulk cargo is loaded and discharged by derricks.
10.
Merchant ships carry cargo and passengers.
11.
There is no cargo handling equipment on Ro/Ro ships
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11. Fill in the table with appropriate cargoes from the list. Add your own
examples.
Oil, electrical goods, sand, meat, fish, fertilizers, gasoline, cotton, ore, wool,
cement, sun- flower oil, corn, wine in barrels, dairy, furniture, rice in bags, grain,
sulfur, coal.
liquid
general
bulk
perishable
12. Odd one word out.
1) liner, coaster, lorry, freighter
2) stern, bow, ramp, aft
3) merchant, fixed, prearranged, estimated
4) lorry, trailer, vehicle, lighter
5) crate, bag, pack, derrick
6) fertilizer, grain, crude oil, corn
7) edible oil, gasoline, natural gas, ore
8) refrigerating plant, pump, crate, grab crane
9) fish, milk, oil, butter
10) bulker, tug, ice breaker, dredger
13. Choose the right option.
1. … carries cargo along the coast.
a) Ro/Ro
b) LASH
c) Reefer
d) Coaster
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2. … is a container that floats in the water.
a) Lighter
b) Crate
c) Box
d) Bag
3. The loaded vehicles are driven aboard via …
a) Holds
b) Ramps
c) Compartments
d) Engine rooms
4. Reefers are equipped with…
a) Tweendecks
b) Double bottom
c) Refrigerating plant
d) Gantry cranes
5. … is a row material from which wood products are manufactured.
a) Timber
b) Ore
c) Fertilizers
d) Grain
6. … have been specially designed to carry holidaymakers.
a) Ro/RO
b) General cargo ships
c) Specialized ships
d) Cruise ships
7. Perishable cargo must be … in places that have temperature control.
a) Stored
b) Secured
c) Submerged
d) Manufactured
8. Tankers must have double …
a) Derricks
b) Bottom
c) Deck
d) Bulkheads
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