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Файл:Professional English for Future Dentists. Учебное пособие для СПО
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41
5) Case-Based Exercise (Reading + Discussion). Read the case and answer the
questions in English.
A 25-year-old patient comes to the dental clinic with severe spontaneous toothache in
the lower right molar. The pain is throbbing, worse at night, and radiates to the ear.
He says cold drinks cause pain that lingers for several minutes. Percussion is painful.
The X‑ray shows deep caries close to the pulp.
Questions:
1. What is the most likely diagnosis?
2. What type of pulpitis is this? Why?
3. What diagnostic tests would you perform?
4. What is the recommended treatment?
5. When would you prescribe antibiotics?
Ex. 17. Translate the sentences into English. Write down into your notebook.
1. Воспаление пульпы (сосудисто‑нервного пучка) зуба, вызванное кариесом,
травмой или другими раздражителями называется пульпитом.
2. Пульпа зуба — это мягкая ткань в полости зуба, содержащая сосуды, нервы
и соединительную ткань; источник чувствительности зуба.
3. При обратимом воспалении пульпы жизнеспособность зуба можно
сохранить после удаления раздражителя (например, кариеса).
4. Необратимое воспаление пульпы, при котором зуб не может
восстановиться, требует эндодонтическое лечение.
5. Боль в зубе, основной симптом пульпита, может быть острой, ноющей или
давящей.
6. Повышенная чувствительность зубов к холодному, горячему, сладкому или
кислому указывает на гиперчувствительность зубов.
7. Боль или дискомфорт при контакте зуба с горячей или холодной
едой/напитками может являться симптомом обратимого пульпита.
8. Боль, возникающая без внешнего раздражителя, характерна для
необратимого пульпита.
9. Острый пульпит — резкая, часто пульсирующая боль, усиливающаяся
ночью.
10. Гнойный пульпит — воспаление с образованием гноя в пульпе.
11. Антибиотик; назначается только при признаках инфекции (лимфаденит,
флюс).
12. Абсцесс или воспаление в области верхушки корня — возможное
осложнение пульпита.
13. Эндодонтия — раздел стоматологии, занимающийся заболеваниями
пульпы и лечением корневых каналов.
42
CHAPTER 3. SURGICAL DENTISTRY
Focus on pronunciation. Read the words, checking your pronunciation with the
transcription.
surgery
['sɜ:ʤ(ə)rɪ]
cyst
[sɪst]
injury
['ɪnʤərɪ]
growth
[grəuθ]
pathology
[pə'θɒlədʒi]
biopsy
['baɪɔpsɪ]
damage
['dæmɪʤ]
malignancy
[mə'lɪgnənsɪ]
procedure
[prə'si:ʤə]
atrophy
['ætrəfɪ]
analysis
[ə'nælɪsɪs]
trauma
['trɔ:mə]
implant
['ɪmplɑ:nt]
complicated
['kɔmplɪkeɪtɪd]
graft
[grɑ:ft]
associated
[ə'səuʃɪeɪtɪd]
extraction
[ɪk'strækʃ(ə)n]
impacted
[ɪm'pæktɪd]
aesthetics
[i:s'θetɪks]
abnormal
[æb'nɔ:m(ə)l]
prosthetics
[prɔs'θetɪks]
artificial
['ɑ:tɪ'fɪʃ(ə)l]
alignment
[ə'laɪnmənt]
facial
['feɪʃ(ə)l]
Vocabulary
Build your Oral Surgery vocabulary. Mind the possible word-combinations.
1. surgery ['sɜ:ʤ(ə)rɪ] — хирургия; операция
surgical (adj.)
ambulatory surgery
emergency surgery
oral surgery
minor surgery
reconstructive surgery
surgical removal
to perform surgery
to undergo surgery
2. extraction [ɪk'strækʃ(ə)n] — удаление
simple extraction (for visible teeth above the gum line)
surgical extraction (for impacted* wisdom teeth)
43
atraumatic extraction
* impacted tooth — ретинированный (полностью или частично непрорезавшийся)
зуб
3. damage ['dæmɪʤ] — поражение; повреждение; нарушение
enamel damage
soft tissue damage
bone damage
periodontal damage
to damage (v.)
to damage surrounding bone during extraction
to damage lingual nerves
4. complication ['kɔmplɪ'keɪʃ(ə)n] — осложнение
complicated (adj.)
postoperative / surgical complication (e.g. after wisdom tooth extraction)
nerve damage complication
to prevent complication
complicated oral pathologies
5. repair [rɪ'peə] — восстановление (напр. повреждённых тканей естественным
или хирург. путём)
soft tissue repair
bone repair
jaw fracture repair
6. fracture ['frækʧə] — перелом
bone fracture
mandibular fracture (e.g. as a complication of third molar removal)
crown fracture
tooth fracture
7. injury ['ɪnʤərɪ] — повреждение (рана; травма; ушиб)
dental injury
postoperative nerve injuries
to injure (v.)
to injure adjacent mucosa*
44
to injure periodontal ligaments
to injure surrounding bone
* adjacent mucosa — прилегающая слизистая оболочка
8. inflammation ['ɪnflə'meɪʃ(ə)n] — воспаление
inflammatory (adj.)
acute* inflammation
chronic inflammation
necrotic inflammation
purulent** inflammation
inflammatory response
inflammatory swelling*** after surgery
* acute — острый (о течении заболевания)
** purulent — гнойный
*** swelling — отёчность, набухание
9. anesthesia ['ænɪs'θi:zɪə] — анестезия
anesthetic ['ænɪs'θetɪk] — анестезирующее средство; обезболивающее средство
local anesthesia
general anesthesia
injection of local anesthetic
to provide anesthesia
to require anesthesia
to inject an anesthetic
to give an anesthetic
10. suture ['su:ʧə] — шов; шовный материал
(syn.) stitch
absorbable suture
extraction site suture
suture removal
to suture (v.)
to suture the extraction socket*
to suture lip injuries
* socket — лунка
45
Verbs to be used
to extract
to excise
to implant
to prevent
to remove
to support
to restore
to manage
to repair
to perform
to correct
to improve
Ex. 1. Mind the word formation. Translate into Russian.
To extract, extraction (noun, e.g., tooth extraction), extractive (adjective, e.g.,
extractive procedure).
To excise, excision (noun, e.g., tumor excision), excisional (adj., e.g., excisional
biopsy).
To implant, implantation (noun, e.g., dental implantation), implantable (adjective,
e.g., implantable device).
To prevent, prevention (noun, e.g., disease prevention), preventive (adjective, e.g.,
preventive medicine).
To remove, removal (noun, e.g., tissue removal), removable (adjective, e.g.,
removable stent).
To support, support (noun, e.g., life support), supportive (adjective, e.g., supportive
therapy).
To restore, restoration (noun, e.g., joint restoration), restorative (adjective, e.g.,
restorative surgery).
To manage, management (noun, e.g., pain management), manageable (adjective, e.g.,
manageable condition).
To repair, repair (noun, e.g., tissue repair), reparative (adjective, e.g., reparative
procedure).
To correct, correction (noun, e.g., vision correction), corrective (adjective, e.g.,
corrective surgery).
To improve, improvement (noun, e.g., clinical improvement), improved (adjective,
e.g., improved prognosis).
46
Ex. 2. Read and translate the possible word-combinations.
to extract
a tooth
wisdom teeth
an impacted tooth
broken tooth fragments
root fragments
teeth under local
anesthesia
a deciduous tooth
to restore*
damaged teeth
tooth function
natural bite alignment
jawbone
oral tissue
jaw mobility
facial aesthetics
to repair*
damaged gum tissue
soft palate defects
oral mucosa injury
jaw defects
fractured mandible
bone loss
occlusal function
to manage
postoperative pain
post-surgery swelling
bleeding
infection risks with antibiotics
nerve injuries
complex cases
anesthesia levels
to perform
wisdom tooth extraction
simple extraction
surgical extraction
dental implant surgery
atraumatic extraction
oral surgery procedures
orthognathic surgery
to improve
chewing efficiency
bite alignment
speech clarity
facial symmetry
smile aesthetics
gum health
patient comfort
Mind the difference in use of the verbs ‘repair’ and ‘restore’ in oral surgery
terminology:
Repair means fixing a specific defect or damage in a restoration (filling, crown) or
tooth structure through targeted intervention. Restore refers to comprehensive
replacement or rebuilding of tooth function and anatomy to its ideal pre-disease state.
Examples:
Dentists repair chipped enamel with composite filling.
Implants restore full chewing function after multiple extractions.
The team repairs injured gingiva after trauma.
Corrective surgery restores speech in cleft palate cases.
47
Ex. 3. Match the adjectives with suitable nouns. Translate the wordcombinations.
mandibular
extraction
postoperative
surgery
acute
fracture
surgical
inflammation
periodontal
suture
extraction-related
anesthesia
facial
injury
impacted
tooth
localized
complication
absorbable
swelling
local
damage
corrective
inflammatory
symmetry
response
Ex. 4. Translate the sentences.
1. Some impacted wisdom teeth don't require removal, but symptomatic cases usually
need surgical extraction by a dentist or an oral surgeon in an outpatient setting.
2. Postoperative swelling is common after oral surgery and typically peaks within 48
hours.
3. Nerve damage represents a serious complication in oral surgery procedures.
4. The technique for removal of the impacted mandibular third molar is determined
by its localization.
5. Inferior alveolar nerve injury often occurs during lower third molar extraction in
oral surgery.
6. General anesthesia is preferred for extensive oral surgery cases in young children.
7. Soft tissue damage must be minimized during implant placement (установка
имплантатов) in oral surgery.
8. Facial swelling after oral surgery can be controlled with ice packs and
corticosteroids.
9. Bone grafting (костная пластика / трансплантат) is frequently required in
reconstructive oral surgery.
10. Lingual nerve damage may cause tongue numbness (онемение) following oral
surgery.
48
11. Preoperative assessment is important to avoid complications in oral surgery.
12. Postoperative infection control is essential after all oral surgery interventions.
13. Therapeutic exercises help improve jaw mobility after corrective oral surgery.
14. Simple dental extraction involves the removal of teeth that are visible in the
mouth.
15. Oral surgeons manage postoperative pain with a combination of analgesics
['æn(ə)l'ʤi:zɪk] and local anesthetics.
16. Oral surgeons recommend emergency surgery for displaced mandible fractures.
17. Excision of cysts is performed under local anesthesia in the oral surgery
department.
Ex. 5. Translate the word-combinations.
Экстренная операция, хирургическое удаление зуба, повреждение кости,
послеоперационное осложнение, перелом челюсти, острое воспаление, местный
анестетик, удаление швов, послеоперационный отёк, повреждение нерва,
симметрия лица, установка имплантов, костная пластика, онемение языка,
предоперационная оценка, иссечение кисты.
Проводить хирургическую операцию, удалять ретинированный зуб,
приводить к онемению языка, улучшать подвижность челюсти, проводить
удаление под местной анестезией, контролировать послеоперационную боль,
восстановить повреждённый зуб, исправить дефекты челюсти.
Ex. 6. Read the text and do the tasks below.
Oral surgery deals with the surgical treatment of any disease, injury,
malformation of the jaws or associated structures. It also deals with complicated
extractions of impacted teeth. Oral surgeons perform removal of cysts and abnormal
growths (tumours, malignancies), and correct birth defects (harelip, cleft palate).
They deal with dental trauma and set fractures of the jaws. Implant surgery — an
expensive procedure in which posts are placed into the jawbone to support artificial
teeth — is another area covered by oral surgery.
Oral surgery includes a wide range of services that are very important in
everyday dental practice:
• Tooth Extractions: Oral surgeons expertly manage simple extractions as
well as challenging cases involving impacted wisdom teeth or supernumerary teeth,
minimizing risks like nerve damage or infection.
49
• Pathology Removal: Cysts, benign tumors, and malignancies in the oral
region are excised, often with biopsy and histopathological analysis to provide further
treatment such as reconstruction or oncology referral.
• Corrective Surgeries for Congenital Defects: Procedures address
conditions like cleft lip (harelip) and cleft palate, involving multidisciplinary teams to
restore function, aesthetics, and speech through tissue grafting and bone alignment.
• Trauma Management: Dental and facial injuries from accidents are treated
promptly, including the reduction and fixation of jaw fractures alongside soft tissue
repair.
• Dental Implants: This advanced technique involves placing titanium posts
into the jawbone to anchor prosthetic teeth, requiring bone grafting in cases of
atrophy and follow-up for 3-6 months of osseointegration (bone fusion with the
implant).
TASKS:
A. Find out English equivalents to the following word-combinations in the text:
Хирургическое вмешательство, врождённые аномалии челюсти, сложное
удаление ретинированных зубов, удаление кист и патологических
новообразований, пороки развития, травма зубов, проводить репозицию костей
челюсти при переломах, установить зубной штифт в челюстную кость,
доброкачественная опухоль, злокачественное образование в ротовой полости,
проводить дальнейшее лечение, направление к онкологу, пластическая
операция, врождённая патология, пересадка тканей, коррекция деформации
костей, лечебная тактика при травмах, травмы лица, репозиция (восстановления
нормального положения) и иммобилизация костей при переломах,
восстановление мягких тканей, закрепить зубные протезы.
B. Match the terms (1-14) with their definitions (A-N).
1. impacted teeth
2. harelip
3. cleft palate
4. jaw fractures
5. osseointegration
6. supernumerary teeth
7. histopathologic analysis
8. bone grafting
A. extra teeth beyond the normal set
B. bone fusion with a dental implant
C. study of diseased tissue under a
microscope
D. teeth that fail to properly erupt into
their normal position
E. surgical bone addition for atrophy
F. broken jawbones requiring fixation
50
9. malignancies
10. bone fixation
11. nerve damage
12. malformation
13. posts
14. injury
G. congenital split in the upper lip
H. traumatic damage (e.g. to teeth,
periodontal tissues, etc.)
I. birth defect splitting the roof of the
mouth
J. risk during teeth extractions
K. abnormal development of teeth or
oral structures during fetal stages
L. cancerous tumors requiring excision
M. the small titanium screws surgically
placed into the jawbone to serve as
artificial tooth roots.
N. prevention of displacement of
fragments from the correct position
throughout the healing period
C. Complete the sentences using words from the text: extraction, defects, cysts,
trauma, implants (2), injuries, malignancies, fixation, grafting. Write down into
your notebook.
1. Oral surgeons perform __________ of impacted wisdom teeth to prevent
complications.
2. __________ are abnormal growths that require surgical removal and biopsy.
3. Dental __________ use titanium posts placed into the jawbone.
4. __________ represent cancerous tumors excised in oral pathology procedures.
5. __________ management includes jaw fracture __________ and soft tissue
repair.
6. Dental __________ require bone __________ in jaw atrophy cases.
7. Corrective surgeries repair congenital __________ like cleft lip (harelip) and cleft
palate.
8. Oral surgeons repair severe facial __________ using plates and soft tissue
reconstruction.
D. Choose the correct synonym for the underlined oral surgery term/phrase
from the options.
1. Oral surgeons excised a malignant tumor from the jaw.
a) monitored b) surgically removed c) diagnosed d) grafted
2. The procedure addressed a congenital defect like harelip.
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