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Файл:Professional English for Future Dentists. Учебное пособие для СПО
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c. инструменты для профессиональной гигиены полости рта
d. основные ручные стоматологические инструменты для базового осмотра
полости рта
e. лабораторное оборудование и инструменты
f. инструменты, используемые в челюстно-лицевой хирургии
g. вращающиеся стоматологические инструменты
h. инструменты для изоляции зуба, для коффердама
i. инструменты для реставрации
j. ручные режущие инструменты
k. инструменты для лечебно-диагностических целей
Ex. 2. Match the following dental instruments with their functions:
• Mouth mirror
• Cotton pliers
• Periodontal probe
• Saliva ejector
• Anaesthetic syringe
• Tray
• Intraoral camera
• Chisels
• Carver
• Tissue scissors
• Extraction forceps
a. Assembling all instruments and
materials needed for a procedure
g. To view tissues of the oral cavity
and reflect light for better visibility
b. To illuminate and visualize teeth
and oral structures
h. To measure depth of gingival
sulcus
c. To remove saliva and maintain dry
field
i. To deliver local anesthesia to
intraoral site
d. To cut and remove excess or
diseased soft tissue
j. To remove teeth, tooth fragments,
and root tips from bony socket
e. To place and remove small objects
from the oral cavity
k. To remove decay and refine
cavity preparation
f. To remove excess filling material
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Ex. 3. Study the verbs below. Translate them into Russian:
to deliver
to polish
to treat
to provide
to smooth
to remove
to detect
to cut
to introduce
to indicate
to hold
to adopt
to visualize
to involve
to minimize
to contour
to perform
to undergo
to improve
to allow
to prioritize
to replace
to reduce
to reflect
Ex. 4. Be ready to translate the following sentences into Russian:
1) Irrigation syringe is used to deliver irrigating solutions to a surgical site and for
postsurgical irrigation procedures at home.
2) The function of cementum is to protect the root and provide rough surface
anchorage.
3) Dental explorer, a sharp, flexible, pointed instrument is used to detect caries and
calculus.
4) A patient’s complaint of throat swelling and breathing difficulty indicates an
oncoming anaphylactic reaction.
5) Screening system is used to visualize abnormal tissue.
6) Burnisher is used to smooth off or contour restorative material or metals.
7) Instruments used to polish the tooth surfaces include straight handpieces and
rubber cups as well as polishing agents.
8) Dental burs are used to design cavity for a restoration and to smooth restorations.
9) Tissue scissors are used to cut and remove excess or diseased soft tissue.
10) Paper forceps are used to hold articulating paper for checking a patient`s occlusal
contacts.
11) This procedure involves medical history, dental history and extraoral structure
assessment.
12) Barber-surgeons performed extractions without anesthesia.
13) Periodontal diseases are treated with scaling instruments.
14) Excavators remove decayed dentin.
15) The 21th century introduced high-speed handpieces.
16) Clinics adopt digital imaging for diagnostics.
17) Sterilizing instruments minimize infection risks.
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18) Patients undergo dental procedures with less pain by injections made with
anesthetic syringes.
19) Tooth decay is decreasing in many countries as a result of preventive dentistry,
improved by diet and dental care.
20) Air turbines replaced foot-powered drills.
21) Double-ended periodontal probe allows access to all areas.
22) Proper cleaning and lubrication reduces problems and extends the life of the
handpiece.
23) Today’s instruments prioritize patient comfort.
24) Mouth mirrors are used to view tissues of the oral cavity and reflect light for
better visibility.
25) Caries detection devices aid to detect early dental caries.
26) The purpose of the basic extraction set-up is to provide instrumentation for
surgical removal of tooth/teeth.
27) Dental instruments must be sterilized in the manner specified by the
manufacturer of the instrument.
Ex. 5. Complete the following sentences with the correct verb from the list below
(in notebook). Use each verb only once.
• treat
• remove
• perform
• introduce
• adopt
• minimize
• improve
• replace
• allow
• prioritize
• insert
1. Modern burs _________ caries more efficiently than hand excavators.
2. Dentists _________ periodontal surgery using microsurgical instruments.
3. The 19th century _________ anesthesia, revolutionizing pain management.
4. Air turbine handpieces _________ slower, foot-powered drills in the 1950s.
5. Laser technology _________ discomfort during soft tissue procedures.
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6. CAD/CAM (computer-aided) systems _________ dentists to design crowns in a
single visit.
7. It is well-known that dental implants should not be _________ until the permanent
dentition.
8. Clinics now _________ disposable instruments to reduce infection risks.
9. Composite resins _________ the durability of dental fillings.
10. Ultrasonic scalers _________ stubborn calculus deposits.
11. Ergonomic designs _________ clinician comfort during long procedures.
Ex. 6. Match each verb (1-10) to its correct definition (A-J).
Verbs:
Definitions:
1. Excavate
2. Sterilize
3. Extract
4. Restore
5. Anesthetize
6. Implant
7. Scale
8. Probe
9. Occlude
10. Etch
A. To make something free from live bacteria
B. To remove calculus from teeth
C. To prepare tooth surface for bonding
(метод эстетического восстановления
зубов)
D. To remove decayed tooth material
E. To check for cavities or gum health
F. To bring teeth into proper contact
G. To place an artificial tooth root
H. To replace missing tooth structure
I. To remove a tooth surgically
J. To numb an area for pain control
Ex. 7. Complete these dental procedure descriptions using verbs from Ex. 6 in
the correct forms (in notebook). Translate the sentences in writing:
1. Before placing a composite filling, the dentist must first _______ the cavity to
remove all decay.
2. Surgical guides help periodontists precisely _______ dental implants.
3. Hygienists use ultrasonic devices to _______ teeth during prophylaxis.
4. To ensure patient comfort, we _______ the area with local anesthetic.
5. The orthodontist adjusted the wire to make the molars _______ properly.
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Ex. 8. Match pictures and names of dental instruments:
1 Dental chair
2
Probe
3 Forceps
4 Carver
5 Dental mirror
6 Dental scissors
7 Handpiece and bur
8 Eye guards
9
Dental tray
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Ex. 9. Match each dental instrument with its use:
1. dental mirror
a. It’s used for sitting the patient during
any dental procedure/surgery.
2. dental probe
b. It’s used for mixing dental materials.
3. tweezers
c. It’s used for cutting stainless steel
wire during a dental procedure.
4. dental tray
d. It’s used to gain access into the
cavity.
5. scaler
e. It’s used for removing excess dental
materials from the patient mouth.
6. spatula
f. It’s used for removing excessive
saliva from the floor of the mouth.
7. dental syringe
g. It’s used to detect the depth of caries.
8. forceps
h. It’s used for picking dental materials
or instruments.
10. dental chair
i. It’s used for eye protection.
11. saliva ejector
j. It’s used for visualization of the oral
cavity or for viewing the patient mouth.
12. carver
k. It’s used for removing debris or
calculus from the patient mouth/teeth.
13. dental scissors
l. It’s used for picking cotton wool or
gauze into the patient mouth.
14. handpiece and bur
m. It’s used for extraction of teeth.
15. eye guards
n. It’s used for introducing local
anesthesia into the patient mouth.
Ex. 10. Fill in each space with an appropriate word from the box in writing
(in notebook).
procedures inventor constructed various
stainless profession composed basic
opposite vary requires×2 dentistry
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Dental hand instruments
Each ………. (1) employs its own type and kind of instrumentation. Just as a
baseball team ……….. (2) balls, bats, masks, gloves and bases, dentistry ……..(3)
specialized equipment for operation. Some tools are in common use in all aspects of
……….. (4), and others are ………….. (5) for various specialized procedures. Hand
instruments may have one working end (single-ended) or a working end at each of
the ……….. (6) sides (double-ended). Working ends on the same instrument may
…… (7) in size, function or location of operative sites. Many instruments are named
for an ………. (8) or school where they were designed. Instruments are grouped into
families according to function and are constructed of …….. (9) materials from
………(10) steel to hard resin.
The ………. (11) dental setup is an instrument collection ………(12) of a
mouth mirror, explorer, periodontal probe, cotton forceps or pick-up and a piece of
gauze. This setup is used for most ……….. (13).
Ex. 11. Read the text below and answer the following questions:
1. What are the five main categories of dental instruments according to their use?
2. What are the three advantages of double-ended hand instruments?
3. What is the primary purpose of cavity preparation instruments?
4. What is the primary purpose of surgical instruments?
5. What is the primary purpose of periodontal instruments?
6. What are the six specific areas where periodontal probe is inserted?
7. What does evaluation procedure before dental treatment involve?
8. What are the three main parts of a dental bur?
9. What is the key characteristic of a rotary instrument?
10. What are the basic items used both in a general and in a specific dentistry?
Dental instruments
Mastering instrument identification and the organization of instruments and
materials for specific procedures is essential for success.
The key dental instruments include:
• diagnostic tools such as explorers, probes, mirrors for checking teeth and
gums;
• surgical instruments such as forceps, scalpels for extractions and surgeries;
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• restorative tools such as carvers for filling cavities;
• hygiene tools such as scalers for cleaning and maintaining oral health.
Dental instruments are named according to their use or shape or named for the
designer of the instrument.
According to their use there are basic hand instruments, cavity preparation
instruments, oral and maxillofacial surgery instruments, hygiene and periodontal
instruments and orthodontic instruments.
Hand instruments may be single- or double-ended. Advantages of doubleended instruments include two sizes of the same design in one instrument, two
different working ends in one instrument or two directions of use in one instrument
(right/left). There are mouth mirrors, cotton pliers, probes, anesthetic syringes,
explorers.
Cavity preparation instruments are used to remove decay and refine cavity
preparation. Excavators and chisels are common tools.
Surgical instruments are used for tooth and root extractions, gingivoplasty,
cyst removals.
The periodontal group is a family of instruments used to treat and care for the
gingival and periodontal tissues. The most common instrument used in measuring the
gingival pocket is the periodontal probe. The probe normally is inserted into six
specific areas. The six areas are facial (F), mesiofacial (MF), distofacial (DF), lingual
(L), mesiolingual (ML) and distolingual (DL). The restorative grouping is an
assortment of hand instruments used to remove decay, make preparations and restore
tooth surfaces.
The patient must receive a thorough exam and evaluation before dental
treatment can be established. This procedure involves medical history, dental
history and extraoral structure assessment. Medical history includes questions
regarding diabetes, pregnancy, smoking, hypertension, dedication, substance abuse
and etc. In the dental history chief complaints, past dental records and radiographs,
tooth position and mobility are determined. During the extraoral structure
assessment oral mucosa, muscles of mastication, lips, floor of mouth, tongue, palate,
salivary glands and the oropharynx area are examined.
Handpieces and burs
Rotary instruments are power-driven tools that operate in a circular motion at
various speeds. The rate of speed or rpm (rotations per minute) determines the
classification of the instrument. The handpiece is a power device that holds and
operates the inserted instrument.
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All dental handpieces are expensive
items. They must be maintained, sterilized,
and cared for in the manner specified by the
manufacturer of the instrument. Handpieces
are used to hold the burs, mounted stones
and discs that are used in restorations and
chairside dental procedures. The dental bur
is the most commonly used rotary item and
is employed in cavity preparation and
restorations. A bur has three parts: a head, a
neck and a shank.
Each dental clinic contains specialized dental equipment that is used to perform
necessary treatments. Among the many items available, some for general dentistry
and some for specialty use, all facilities need the basic items: operatory, dental chair,
operatory light, stools, radiographic units (radiographic area; filmless, digitalized
radiographic units using sensors and computer-assisted viewing and imaging),
diagnostic units.
Test
Multiple Choice Questions
1. According to the text, what is the primary purpose of mastering instrument
identification and organization?
A) To reduce the cost of dental supplies.
B) For the success of dental procedures.
C) To impress patients with technical knowledge.
D) To pass dental licensing exams.
2. Before any treatment is established, what must the patient receive?
A) A free sample of toothpaste.
B) A thorough exam and evaluation.
C) A lesson on oral hygiene.
D) A discount on the treatment plan.
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3. The medical history assessment includes questions about all of the following
EXCEPT:
A) Diabetes and hypertension.
B) Past dental records.
C) Pregnancy and smoking.
D) Substance abuse.
4. What is the most common instrument used to measure gingival pocket depth?
A) An explorer.
B) A high-speed handpiece.
C) A periodontal probe.
D) An evacuator tip.
5. A periodontal probe is inserted into how many specific areas around a tooth?
A) Four
B) Six
C) Eight
D) Two
6. Which of the following is NOT one of the areas where a periodontal probe is
used?
A) Mesiofacial (MF)
B) Distolingual (DL)
C) Occlusal (O)
D) Facial (F)
7. The "restorative grouping" of instruments is primarily used for:
A) Treating gingival and periodontal tissues.
B) Removing moisture and debris from the mouth.
C) Removing decay and restoring tooth surfaces.
D) Taking radiographic images.
8. The classification of a rotary instrument is determined by its:
A) Color and size.
B) Rate of speed (rpm).
C) Country of manufacture.
D) Sterilization method.
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