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Файл:English for Information Security. Учебник
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131
Have
We have a lovely house.
Have
have dinner, have a shower, We are having a great time. We
are having dinner.
Present Continuous
see hear smell taste feel
see ,
Continuous: I am seeing my bank manager tomorrow morning.
smell taste
feel
Continuous:
Why are you smelling this cake? What are you feeling in your pockets?
Настоящее совершенное время (Present Perfect Simple)
I have lost my key. I don‟t have it
now;
2) : My sister is only 18 but she has won tennis competitions
four times.
Настоящее совершенное длительное время (Present Perfect Continuous)
I
have been studying English for 5 years;
132
The streets are wet. It
has been raining.
Unit 3. Способы выражения действий в будущем. Future Tenses
Будущее простое время (Future Simple) (will)
I have no
money. – I will lend you;
2) : I will come in time. I promise;
3) , : I think it will rain tomorrow.
Going to
We are going to buy a car;
Look
out! These books are going to fall!
Present Continuous
Tomorrow morning I‟m leaving for Rome.
Present Simple
The train arrives at 1.15.
Future Continuous
: What will you be doing in ten years‟ time? Tomorrow at 9 o‟clock
Helen will be lying on the beach.
Future Perfect Simple
He will
have finished work by 3 o‟clock tomorrow.
Future Perfect Continuous
133
By this time next year she will have been working at the
plant for twenty five-years.
Unit 4. Modal Verbs
Употребление.
Выражение способности или умения что-либо делать.
Can- be able to-
Выражение возможности (вероятности).
May -
Might - . They may be at work. There might be
some sugar in the cupboard.
Must – . They look alike. They must be twins.
Can’t –
tired.
Can … be . Can she still be at school?
Выражение разрешения в вопросах.
Сan Can I borrow your pen?
Сould . Could I borrow your car?
May . May I use your phone?
Might . Might I see your driving license please?
Выражение разрешения в ответах.
Can You can have my pen.
May . You may come in.
Mustn’t, сan’t
Выражение предложения.
Would you like, shall I/ shall we
Would you like some coffee please? Shall we buy him a present?
134
Выражение просьбы.
Сan – . Can you help me finish my work?
Сould – ). Could I have some more paper?
Will – . Will you help me?
Выражение совета.
Should/ought to, had better.
You should walk more. You'd better rewrite this passage.
Выражение долженствования (необходимости).
Must – We must obey the laws.
Нave to - I have to
be at work at 8.30.
I've got to – I've got to
leave.
Needn't, don’t have to – .
Выражение запрета.
Mustn’t, сan’t – 's
room for the staff.
Модальные глаголы могут употребляться с различными
формами инфинитива
He cant have done that.
She might be studying now.
The project must have been completed. ,
.
135
Unit 5. Infinitive
Инфинитив с частицей – to.
Употребление
to.
.
Forms Active voice Passive voice
Simple to translate to be translated
Continuous to be translating
Perfect to have translated to have been translated
Perfect Continuous to have been translating
Simple Infinitive –
-I am glad to see you
Continuous Infinitive
- It is pleasant
to be walking along the shady alley.
Perfect Infinitive ,
-I am sorry not to have helped
you. , .
Perfect Continuous Infinitive
It seems to have been raining since the very morning.
Passive Infinitive
Simple and Perfect
not. We decided not to go out because of the
weather. -
Инфинитив без частицы – to.
Употребление.
136
После вспомогательных глаголов. I don't understand.
После модальных глаголов. If one cannot have what one loves, one
must love what one has.
После глаголов чувственного восприятия. I never saw you look so
well before.
После глагола to let. После глагола to make (заставлять).
После конструкций had better, would rather, would sooner.
Функции инфинитива в предложении.
Если инфинитив стоит в начале предложения,
подлежащего
read is useful
Инфинитив выполняет функцию части составного именного
сказуемого, to be. The purpose of this test is to
determine the mechanical characteristics of the material.
Инфинитив, стоящий после сказуемого или косвенного
дополненияпрямого дополнения. I like to read
Oсновные особенности, отличающие английский инфинитив от
русского.
Инфинитив, стоящий в начале предложения до группы
подлежащего после сказуемогообстоятельства
цели
Laws were not made to be broken
in order to, so as.
137
Инфинитив в роли определения, стоящего после определяемого
слова
The strength of radio waves to be measured is expressed in
microvolts.
The Infinitive Constructions.
Complex Object.
Употребление. Сложное дополнение
Smb. did smth. + I saw this = I saw smb. do smth.
I saw him cross the street.
The scientists consider the sun to emit radio signals.
: see, hear, feel, notice, smell,
find, know, think.
want, wish
I want him to
open the door
Complex Subject.
Употребление. Сложное подлежащее
Глаголом в форме страдательного залога, , is said, is
known, is supposed, is believed, is assumed, is thought, is considered, is found.
138
These tubes are said to give considerable economy.
Глаголами в форме активного залога, , to seem, to
appear, to prove, to happen.
,
.
Инфинитив употребляется со словосочетаниями to be likely,
to be unlikely, to be certain, to be sure. He is likely to know English.
, .
Инфинитив с for. It is not unusual for restored cars to sell for
more than they did when new.
Unit 6. Participle
Причастие -
глагола, прилагательного и наречия.
I (Participle I
II (Participle II).
Participle I (Simple, Perfect
to ing.
Participle II
- ed e.g. look+ed). Participle II
gone, spoken, taken
Participle II
139
Participle I.
Употребление.
определения и
обстоятельства.
В функции определения Participle I, Active
причастием настоящего времени -, --, --,
-- - They
looked at the flying plane -
Если причастие I стоит после определяемого слова
причастным
оборотом или определительным придаточным предложением. A
magnet attracts only objects containing iron.
, .
Причастие I страдательного залога (Participle I, Passive)
прича стием страда тельно го или
действительного за лог а - -
определительным придаточным предложением. The bridge being built
across the river is very beautiful.
В функции определения причастие I (Participle I, Simple, Active
or Passive) when,
while)
1. Деепричастием - - spent the
whole day preparing for his exams.
140
2. Обстоятельственным придаточным предложением. Being
repaired recently the bridge was in good condition.
3. Существительным с предлогом "при". When translating a
scientific article he met a lot of difficulties.
Participle I, Perfect, Active (having analyzed
деепричастием совершенного вида
-
Having analyzed the properties of the substance they made some new
conclusions.
.
Participle I, Perfect, Passive (having been given
придаточным предложением. Having been given all the
instructions he began his work.
Participle II.
Употребление.
Если причастие II является левым определением,
причастием страдательного
- --
Если причастие II является правым определением,
причастным оборотом определительным
придаточным предложением. The equipment tested requires further
improvement. -
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